ITO Exam 2
What is learning?
A relatively permanent change in an employee's knowledge or skill that results from experience.
What is emotional intelligence?
A set of abilities related to the understanding and use of emotions that affect social functioning.
What is the rational decision-making model? What are the steps in this model?
A step-by-step approach to making decisions is designed to maximize outcomes by examining all available alternatives.
How does learning affect decision-making?
"The more knowledge and skills an employee possesses, the more likely they are to make accurate and sound decisions."
How does cognitive ability affect performance and commitment?
General cognitive ability has a strong positive relationship with job performance due primarily to its effects on task performance. In contrast, general cognitive ability is not related to organizational commitment.
What are the Business Chemistry Styles?
Guardian (Blue) Drive (Red) Integrator (Green) Pioneer (Yellow)
What is cognitive ability?
Capabilities related to the use of knowledge to make decisions and solve problems.
Be familiar with the takeaways from Emotional Intelligence is Overrated.
In most jobs, cognitive ability is overrated in comparison to emotional intelligence.
Be familiar with the takeaways from the in-class group decision making activity
Picking a candidate for the new Dean. (Steven, Roberts, Jones)
How does it compare to the rational model?
Rational Decision Making Value Bounded Rationality (chart)
What is ability?
Relatively stable capabilities of people for performing a particular range of related activities.
Takeaways from Through the Eyes of a Whistle Blower
Sherry Hunt; VP, Chief underwriter Challenge: doctor reports regarding defective mortgages, report to whom Values/Motivations: job, moral norms, families puzzles, helping others, following the rules, fairness, loyalty to organizations
What is System 1? System 2?
System 1: feelings and rapid judgment System 2: rational analysis
What are the Big Five? CANOE/OCEAN
The five major dimensions of personality including conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion.
What is bounded rationality?
The notion that people do not have the ability or resources to process all available information and alternatives when making a decision.
Distribution Justice Rule
The perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes.
Procedural Justice Rules
The perceived fairness of decision-making processes.
Informational Justice Rules
The perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from authorities.
Interpersonal Justice Rules
The perceived fairness of the interpersonal treatment received by employees from authorities.
What is decision-making?
The process of generating and choosing from a set of alternatives to solve a problem.
What is personality?
The structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior. Personality reflects what people are like and creates their social reputation.
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency for people to judge others' behaviors as being due to internal factors such as ability, motivation, or attitudes.
What is trust? How does it relate to justice and ethics?
Trust: The willingness to be vulnerable to an authority based on positive expectations about the authority's actions and intentions. Justice relates to fairness, while Ethics relates to how things "ought to be done." Justice and Ethics require Trust in the firm, hoping each factor is met at the highest level.
Affect-based trust
Trust that depends on feelings toward the authority that go beyond rational assessment
Cognition-based trust
Trust that is rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness
Disposition-based trust
Trust that is rooted in one's own personality, as opposed to a careful assessment of the trustee's trustworthiness
What are the Four Tendencies?
Upholders: People who embrace both outer and inner expectations. Questioners: People who push back on outer expectations but embrace inner expectations. Obligers: People who embrace outer expectations and struggle with inner expectations. Rebels: People who push back with outer expectations and struggle with inner expectations.
What is satisficing?
When a decision maker chooses the first acceptable alternative considered.
What is whistleblowing?
When employees expose illegal actions by their employer.
How are the various abilities measured?
Wonderlic Cognitive Ability, Emotional (personality test)
Emotional ability?
self-awareness, other awareness, emotion regulation, use of emotions
Physical ability?
strength, stamina, flexibility and coordination, psychomotor, sensory
What are the decision making biases?
1. Anchoring 2. Framing 3. Representativeness (Descriptions = Table 8-4) 4. Contrast 5. Recency 6. Ratio-Based Effect
In what three sources can trust be rooted?
1. Disposition-based trust 2. Cognition-based trust 3. Affect-based trust
What are the four types of justice? (DIIP)
1. Distributive Justice Rules 2. Procedural Justice Rules 3. Interpersonal Justice Rules 4. Informational Justice Rules
What two methods can employees use to make decisions?
1. Programmed Decisions: Decisions are somewhat automatic because people's knowledge allows them to recognize the situation and the course of action to take. 2. Non-programmed Decisions: Employees make decisions when a problem is new, complex, or not recognized.
What is escalation of commitment?
A common decision-making error in which the decision maker continues to follow a failing course of action.
How does trust affect job performance and organizational commitment?
A working environment with a highly trusting atmosphere is the foundation for harmonious employment relationship. Trust is a kind of psychological state with high directivity. Thus, an employee's trust in organizational environment and other organization members will affect his perceptions, attitudes and behaviors.