Joint Classification

Synarthrodial Joints

AKA immovable -sutures, gomphosis

Pivot Joint

Movement -Rotational movement around long axis •Examples -Rotation of radius at radioulnar joint -Atlanto-axial joint

Amphiarthrodial

Syndesmosis -Strong ligamentous structure •i.e. coracoclavicular & inferior tibiofibular joint •Symphysis -Fibrocartilage pad •symphysis pubis, intervertebral discs, SC joint •Synchondrosis -Hyaline cartilage •costochondral joint of ribs with sternum

By Function

•Articulation grouped by amount of movement based on structure •Synarthrodial = fibrous •Amphiarthrodial = cartilaginous •Diarthrodial = synovial

Gliding Joint

•Defining characteristic -2 flat surfaces against each other -Work together •Movement -Gliding; 3 planes •Examples -Carpal bones (intercarpal joints) -Tarsometatarsal joints

By Structure

•Fibrous -Connective tissue -Mostly immovable •Sutures/gomphosis •Syndesmosis •Cartilaginous -Hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage -Slight movements •synchondrosis /symphysis •Synovial -Freely movable

Diarthrodial

•Freely movable...AKA Synovial •Joints surrounded by joint capsule -fluid -support •Bone endings covered w/ hyaline cartilage -AKA articular cartilage •6 classifications

Multi-axial Ball & Socket

•Head into concave surface •Movement -3 planes •Examples -Shoulder -Hip

Biaxial Ball & Socket/Condyloid

•Movement -2 planes without rotation -Convex on concave surface •Examples -Wrist between radius and proximal row of carpals -2-5 metacarpo-phalangeal

Saddle Joint

•Movement -Ball & socket type movement without rotation -3 planes •Examples -Only found in thumb •1st carpometacarpal joint

Hinge Joint

•Movement -wide range of movement in 1 plane •Examples -Elbow, ankle, knee

Synovial Joints - Subtypes

•Synovial Joints are described by the way they move: •Hinge - elbow & knee •Ball and Socket - hip & shoulder •Bi-axial Ball and Socket / Condyloid - wrist (radius & carpal bones) •Pivot - base of skull •Saddle - thumb •Gliding - shoulder girdle (scapula)