Joint Movement
Flexion
-bending movement, decreases the angle of joint and brings articulating bones closer -bending head toward chest
Plantar Flexion
-depressing the foot -pointing the toes down
Hyperextension
-leaning posteriorly -back bend
Elevation
-lifting a body part superiorly -shrugging shoulders
Dorsiflexion
-lifting the foot so that its superior surface approaches the shin -pointing the toes up
Abduction
-movement of limb away from the midline or median plane of the body, along the frontal plane -raising an arm of thigh laterally
Adduction
-movement of limb toward the body midline -putting a raised arm down
Circumduction
-moving a limb so it describes a cone; distal end moves in a circle, point is stationary -a pitcher winding up to throw a ball
Depression
-moving an elevated part inferiorly -during chewing, when mandible is brought down
Retraction
-pull in toward center -mandible when the jaw is brought in
Protraction
-push out from center -mandible when the jaw is jut out
Extension
-reverse of flexion; same joints, increases angle between joint and straightens a flexed limb -straightening a flexed neck, body trunk, elbow, or knee
Eversion
-sole faces laterally
Inversion
-sole of the foot turns medially
Opposition
-touching of thumb to the tips of the fingers -used for grasping and manipulating objects
Supination
-turning backward; movement of radius around the ulna; palm facing anterior -macarena (dance move)
Pronation
-turning forward; movement of radius around the ulna; palms facing posterior -dribbling a basketball
Rotation
-turning of a bone around its own long axis -shaking head