K101 Final Exam Chapter 27-Bacteria

Which of the following groups of prokaryotes in the figure above contains the bacteria Helicobacter pylori, responsible for the human ulcers, and E. coli, beneficial intestinal bacteria in humans?

Proteobacteria

Match the bacterium with the human disease is can cause: Clostridium tetani

Tetanus ("Lockjaw")

Even though bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles, such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, they can still perform the functions of these organelles by localizing certain metabolic enzymes on...

infoldings of the plasma membrane

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Which of the following cellular structures are shared by bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?

plasma membrane

Extrachromosomal circles of DNA in bacteria called _____ often carry genes involved in _____

plasmids; antibiotic resistance

What is the function of the structures labeled B?

All answers except B: to adhere to host cells, or other bacteria, or solid substrates to transmit DNA from one cell to another to exchange genetic material and genetic traits like antibiotic resistance between cells

Match the bacterium with the human disease is can cause: Clostridium botulinum

Botulism (food poisoning)

The structure in the accompanying figure labeled C (outermost layer) is _____, and the structure indicated by the letter I is _____

C-the capsule; I-the flagella

Neisseria Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea

Some bacteria avoid a host's immune system by means of...

cloaking the cell with a watery capsule

Prokaryotes found inhabiting the Great Salt Lake would be the...

extreme halophiles

Once they appeared on Earth, _____ forever changed the atmosphere on Earth by the production of large quantities of oxygen gas

Cyanobacteria

The _____ Archaebacteria are typically found in extremely hot environments, whereas the _____ Archaebacteria are typically found in swampy environments lacking oxygen

Extreme thermopile; methanogenic

Which of the following groups of prokaryotes contains the genus Clostridium, responsible for the human diseases tetanus and botulism?

Gram Positive Eubacteria

Match the bacterium with the human disease is can cause: Helicobacter pylori

Stomach Ulcers

Which of the following groups of prokaryotes might be found in the great Salt Lake, the Red Sea, the Dead Sea, but NOT necessarily in the ocean?

extreme halophiles

Organisms that share the most DNA homology to mitochondria and chloroplasts, respectively, are...

proteobacteria; cyanobacteria

Gram-positive bacteria stain_____ in a gram stain because of a thick layer of _____ in their cell walls

purple; peptidoglycan

The first indication that Archaea were different from the Eubacteria came from...

the absence of peptidoglycan in the cell walls of the Archaea

The most significant difference between the Archaea and the Eubacteria is...

the small subunit (16S) rRNA sequence

Bacillus anthraxis

Anthrax

Most bacterial cells keep from bursting in a hypotonic environment by...

a rigid cell wall

What makes rRNA (or another sequence) a good 'evolutionary chronometer'?

all of the above: it is universally distributed across group chosen- all organisms have rRNA it is functionally similar between organisms-rRNA all participate in protein synthesis its sequence changes slowly- good for looking across long periods of time the rRNA sequence can be aligned, or matched up, between 2 organisms

Many Gram (+) Eubacteria like Clostridium botulinum and Bacillus anthraxis have the ability to survive harsh environmental conditions by protecting their DNA in a dormant structure called an...

endospore