KIN 100-Chapter Twelve

Which of the following are risk factors for breast cancer?

early onset of menstruation obesity alcohol use

The internal lining of the uterus that is susceptible to cancer is the

endometrium.

What is a mutagen?

environmental agents that cause gene mutations

Studies show that screening could reduce the occurrence of colorectal cancer by up to 90%. Approximately what percentage of adults age 50 and over actually undergo screening?

fifty percent

The chemical acrylamide would be most likely found in which of the following foods?

french fries

Which of the following are risk factors for skin cancer?

having had severe sunburns in childhood having fair skin having many moles

Americans of low socioeconomic status are more likely than wealthier Americans to face which of the following, all of which are contributing causes of cancer?

high levels of stress barriers to health care access greater use of alcohol and tobacco

Knowing which of the following can help people detect cancer?

how their bodies usually feel and operate which family members have had cancer

Carcinogenic materials can be found most commonly

in workplaces.

Symptoms of lung cancer usually appear in the _______ stage of the disease.

invasive

Compared to women with lung cancer, women with breast cancer are

less likely to die from their cancer.

According to available information, general environmental pollution causes

less than 2% of cancer deaths

Which of the following lifestyle habits decrease breast cancer risk?

limiting alcohol intake exercising regularly eating a vegetable-rich diet

Hepatitis B attacks the _____ and has been linked to many cases of cancer of this organ.

liver

Since 1987, ____ has surpassed breast cancer as the most deadly form of cancer for women.

lung

Of the various forms of cancer, men and women are most likely to die from

lung cancer

A tumor originating from lymphatic tissue is called

lymphoma

The type of cancer that often arises from a mole is

melanoma

A malignant tumor of the skin that arises from pigmented cells is called

melanoma.

Testicular cancer is the most common cancer for

men aged 20-35

Those with the highest risk of developing colorectal cancer are

men over the age of fifty.

Breast cancer is the

most common cancer in women.

Cancer is a condition marked by abnormalities in the

multiplication of cells.

Any change in the normal genetic makeup of a cell is called

mutation

Where on the body do basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas usually occur?

neck face hands

Like other types of cancer, kidney cancer can be caused by which of the following?

obesity smoking tobacco a family history of the disease

Which cancer of the female reproductive system causes the most deaths?

ovarian cancer

If a woman wanted to get a test for early detection of cervical cancer, she should have a(n)

pap test

The scraping of cells from the cervix for microscopic examination for cancer detection is called a

pap test (pap smear)

How is uterine cancer usually detected?

pelvic examination

Which of the following are symptoms of ovarian cancer?

pelvic or abdominal pain frequent urination difficulty eating

About 32% of all cancer deaths, including 83% of lung cancer deaths for men and 76% for women, can be attributed to

smoking

The chief risk factor for lung cancer is

smoking

Which of the following are risk factors associated with pancreatic cancer?

smoking having diabetes being male

Which of the following are risk factors for lung cancer?

smoking cigarettes exposure to asbestos particles ETS

One key risk factor for bladder cancer is

smoking.

The Helicobacter pylori bacterium has been linked to what type of cancer?

stomach

In addition to lunch and bronchial cancer, tobacco use is linked to which of the following types of cancer?

stomach pancreas and kidneys pharynx and esophagus larynx and mouth cervix

One lifestyle change people could make to reduce their risk of developing pancreatic cancer is to

stop smoking.

The most common treatment for prostate cancer is

surgery

Which of the following are treatment options for prostate cancer?

surgery radiation

The primary method of treatment for colorectal cancer is

surgery.

What is cancer?

the abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells which can lead to death if untreated

In which of the following is acrylamide found in high concentrations?

tobacco

A mass of tissue that serves no physiological purpose is called a

tumor.

Light rays of a specific wavelength emitted by the sun are called

ultraviolet radiation (UV).

Most cases of cervical cancer stem from an infection by the human papillomavirus and is transmitted

unprotected sex

Which of the following can decrease the cancer-causing properties of foods cured with nitrites and nitrates?

vitamin C

Some studies have discovered that ______ may be associated with a lower risk of breast cancer.

vitamin D

Leukemia is a cancer of the

white blood cells.

A mammogram is a diagnostic procedure that involves

x-ray

Which of the following is an established risk factor for brain cancer?

X-rays of the head

Which of the following are risk factors for ovarian cancer?

a family history of ovarian cancer

A naturally occurring substance found in plant foods that may help prevent chronic disease is called

a phytochemical.

Neoplasm is another term for

a tumor.

The strongest predictor of the risk of prostate cancer is

age

Who should be tested for cervical cancer?

all women over the age of 18

Which of the following are associated with elevated rates of cancer?

an "apple" body shape gaining weight over time

Which of the following are new strategies for treatment and prevention of breast cancer?

antibodies estrogen-receptor modulators

Which cancers account for 90% of all skin cancers?

basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma

Which of the following are symptoms of brain cancer?

behavior changes fatigue headaches

What are the two greatest risk factors for bladder cancer?

being male smoking

A malignant tumor of the skin that arises from pigmented cells is Which of the following are risk factors associated with pancreatic cancer?

being male smoking having diabetes

One risk factor for ovarian cancer is

being obese.

A good way for dermatologists to study unusual skin developments is to conduct

biopsies

Which of the following are among the first symptoms of bladder cancer?

blood in the urine frequent urination

Women who have two to five drinks daily have about _____ cancer risk of women who do not drink alcohol.

1.5 times the

Most human cells contain ______ pairs of chromosomes.

23

Currently, the ACS recommends that women begin annual mammograms at age

45.

Kidney cancer usually occurs in people over age

50

The 5-year survival rate for colon and rectal cancers, if detected early, is

90%.

Which of the following best describes the American Cancer Society's recommendations for breast awareness?

A woman should be familiar with her breasts and alert her health care provider to any changes right away

_____ interact as risk factors for oral cancer.

Alcohol and tobacco

Which of the following are effective ways that cancer can be detected?

cancer screenings biopsies self-monitoring

The role of the chemical substance DNA is to

carry genetic information.

To lessen your risk of certain cancers—including colon, stomach, and prostate—you should avoid which of the following meats in your diet?

charbroiled red meats

The treatment for cancer that uses chemicals to selectively destroy cancerous cells is known as

chemotherapy

Which of the following is used to treat testicular cancer?

chemotherapy surgery

Which of the following are treatments for lung cancer?

chemotherapy surgery radiation

Which of the following are symptoms of lung cancer?

chest pain recurring bronchitis persistent cough

Which of the following are among the lifestyle factors that increase colon cancer risk?

consumption of processed meats high intake of refined carbohydrates obesity consumption of red meat

Chromosomes are threadlike bodies in a cell nucleus that

contain molecules of DNA

Which racial/ethnic group in the U.S. suffers from particularly high rates of liver and stomach cancers?

Asian Americans and Pacific Islander Americans

Which of the following statements about lung cancer are correct?

Despite available treatments, lung cancer is often too invasive to be cured. Radiation and chemotherapy are common treatments for lung cancer.

The virus best known for causing mononucleosis, which is also suspected of contributing to Hodgkin's disease, is called

Epstein-Barr.

At what point in weight loss does an overweight or obese person realize a decrease in their cancer risk?

Even a small amount of weight loss has benefits.

Cancer is the abnormal, uncontrolled death of cells, usually confined to a specific organ of the body.

False, cancer is the abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells, which can ultimately cause death if left untreated.

Which of the following statements regarding nitrates and nitrites are correct?

Nitrates and nitrites are commonly found in processed meats. Nitrates and nitrites are not carcinogenic but can be converted into carcinogens in the stomach. Common food additives include nitrates and nitrites.

Which of the following correctly describes the increased cancer risk associated with dietary fats?

Omega-3 fats are not associated with a higher risk of certain cancers.

The DNA in the chemical substance DNA stands for

deoxyribonucleic acid.

Which of the following are risk factors for prostate cancer?

diet high in saturated fat Type 2 diabetes high-calorie diet

Illiana has noticed a dimpling of the skin on her right breast as well as flaky skin around her right nipple. What should she do?

See her physician and report these findings.

Which of the following statements regarding skin cancer treatment are incorrect?

Surgical removal of a skin lesion usually requires the patient to be hospitalized overnight.

Which of the following statements regarding ovarian cancer detection are true?

Symptoms of ovarian cancer may include bloating, pelvic pain, and urinary urgency. There are no screening tests to detect ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer is often detected in the final stages of the disease.

What is the most reliable screening test for ovarian cancer?

There is no reliable screening test for ovarian cancer.

Which of the following are ways fruits and vegetables are believed to fight cancer?

They block carcinogens from acting on target cells. They prevent carcinogens from forming.

There is a strong genetic factor in breast cancer.

True, their is a strong genetic factor in breast cancer

_______ radiation causes sunburn and is damaging to the skin and eyes.

UVB

Which of the following are ways skin cancer can be detected?

Which of the following are symptoms of ovarian cancer?

Which of the following statements about bladder cancer are correct?

With early detection, 96% of bladder cancer cases are curable. Symptoms include blood in urine and increased frequency of urination. Men are more likely to develop bladder cancer than women.

If a woman has had one of the three HPV vaccines that have been approved by the FDA

she should continue to receive routine Pap tests.

People can lower their risks of developing cervical cancer by

practicing safe sex.

Cancer's original location is called the

primary tumor.

A PSA blood test can detect _______ cancer.

prostate

The most common type of cancer diagnosed in men is ______ cancer.

prostate

_____ is the second leading cause of cancer death in men.

prostate cancer

PSA stands for

prostate-specific antigen

In a listing of most common causes of death in the United States, cancer ranks

second.

Which of the following refers to new growths resulting from the spread of cancer cells to new locations?

secondary tumors