KIN 100-Chapter Twelve
Which of the following are risk factors for breast cancer?
early onset of menstruation obesity alcohol use
The internal lining of the uterus that is susceptible to cancer is the
endometrium.
What is a mutagen?
environmental agents that cause gene mutations
Studies show that screening could reduce the occurrence of colorectal cancer by up to 90%. Approximately what percentage of adults age 50 and over actually undergo screening?
fifty percent
The chemical acrylamide would be most likely found in which of the following foods?
french fries
Which of the following are risk factors for skin cancer?
having had severe sunburns in childhood having fair skin having many moles
Americans of low socioeconomic status are more likely than wealthier Americans to face which of the following, all of which are contributing causes of cancer?
high levels of stress barriers to health care access greater use of alcohol and tobacco
Knowing which of the following can help people detect cancer?
how their bodies usually feel and operate which family members have had cancer
Carcinogenic materials can be found most commonly
in workplaces.
Symptoms of lung cancer usually appear in the _______ stage of the disease.
invasive
Compared to women with lung cancer, women with breast cancer are
less likely to die from their cancer.
According to available information, general environmental pollution causes
less than 2% of cancer deaths
Which of the following lifestyle habits decrease breast cancer risk?
limiting alcohol intake exercising regularly eating a vegetable-rich diet
Hepatitis B attacks the _____ and has been linked to many cases of cancer of this organ.
liver
Since 1987, ____ has surpassed breast cancer as the most deadly form of cancer for women.
lung
Of the various forms of cancer, men and women are most likely to die from
lung cancer
A tumor originating from lymphatic tissue is called
lymphoma
The type of cancer that often arises from a mole is
melanoma
A malignant tumor of the skin that arises from pigmented cells is called
melanoma.
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer for
men aged 20-35
Those with the highest risk of developing colorectal cancer are
men over the age of fifty.
Breast cancer is the
most common cancer in women.
Cancer is a condition marked by abnormalities in the
multiplication of cells.
Any change in the normal genetic makeup of a cell is called
mutation
Where on the body do basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas usually occur?
neck face hands
Like other types of cancer, kidney cancer can be caused by which of the following?
obesity smoking tobacco a family history of the disease
Which cancer of the female reproductive system causes the most deaths?
ovarian cancer
If a woman wanted to get a test for early detection of cervical cancer, she should have a(n)
pap test
The scraping of cells from the cervix for microscopic examination for cancer detection is called a
pap test (pap smear)
How is uterine cancer usually detected?
pelvic examination
Which of the following are symptoms of ovarian cancer?
pelvic or abdominal pain frequent urination difficulty eating
About 32% of all cancer deaths, including 83% of lung cancer deaths for men and 76% for women, can be attributed to
smoking
The chief risk factor for lung cancer is
smoking
Which of the following are risk factors associated with pancreatic cancer?
smoking having diabetes being male
Which of the following are risk factors for lung cancer?
smoking cigarettes exposure to asbestos particles ETS
One key risk factor for bladder cancer is
smoking.
The Helicobacter pylori bacterium has been linked to what type of cancer?
stomach
In addition to lunch and bronchial cancer, tobacco use is linked to which of the following types of cancer?
stomach pancreas and kidneys pharynx and esophagus larynx and mouth cervix
One lifestyle change people could make to reduce their risk of developing pancreatic cancer is to
stop smoking.
The most common treatment for prostate cancer is
surgery
Which of the following are treatment options for prostate cancer?
surgery radiation
The primary method of treatment for colorectal cancer is
surgery.
What is cancer?
the abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells which can lead to death if untreated
In which of the following is acrylamide found in high concentrations?
tobacco
A mass of tissue that serves no physiological purpose is called a
tumor.
Light rays of a specific wavelength emitted by the sun are called
ultraviolet radiation (UV).
Most cases of cervical cancer stem from an infection by the human papillomavirus and is transmitted
unprotected sex
Which of the following can decrease the cancer-causing properties of foods cured with nitrites and nitrates?
vitamin C
Some studies have discovered that ______ may be associated with a lower risk of breast cancer.
vitamin D
Leukemia is a cancer of the
white blood cells.
A mammogram is a diagnostic procedure that involves
x-ray
Which of the following is an established risk factor for brain cancer?
X-rays of the head
Which of the following are risk factors for ovarian cancer?
a family history of ovarian cancer
A naturally occurring substance found in plant foods that may help prevent chronic disease is called
a phytochemical.
Neoplasm is another term for
a tumor.
The strongest predictor of the risk of prostate cancer is
age
Who should be tested for cervical cancer?
all women over the age of 18
Which of the following are associated with elevated rates of cancer?
an "apple" body shape gaining weight over time
Which of the following are new strategies for treatment and prevention of breast cancer?
antibodies estrogen-receptor modulators
Which cancers account for 90% of all skin cancers?
basal cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma
Which of the following are symptoms of brain cancer?
behavior changes fatigue headaches
What are the two greatest risk factors for bladder cancer?
being male smoking
A malignant tumor of the skin that arises from pigmented cells is Which of the following are risk factors associated with pancreatic cancer?
being male smoking having diabetes
One risk factor for ovarian cancer is
being obese.
A good way for dermatologists to study unusual skin developments is to conduct
biopsies
Which of the following are among the first symptoms of bladder cancer?
blood in the urine frequent urination
Women who have two to five drinks daily have about _____ cancer risk of women who do not drink alcohol.
1.5 times the
Most human cells contain ______ pairs of chromosomes.
23
Currently, the ACS recommends that women begin annual mammograms at age
45.
Kidney cancer usually occurs in people over age
50
The 5-year survival rate for colon and rectal cancers, if detected early, is
90%.
Which of the following best describes the American Cancer Society's recommendations for breast awareness?
A woman should be familiar with her breasts and alert her health care provider to any changes right away
_____ interact as risk factors for oral cancer.
Alcohol and tobacco
Which of the following are effective ways that cancer can be detected?
cancer screenings biopsies self-monitoring
The role of the chemical substance DNA is to
carry genetic information.
To lessen your risk of certain cancers—including colon, stomach, and prostate—you should avoid which of the following meats in your diet?
charbroiled red meats
The treatment for cancer that uses chemicals to selectively destroy cancerous cells is known as
chemotherapy
Which of the following is used to treat testicular cancer?
chemotherapy surgery
Which of the following are treatments for lung cancer?
chemotherapy surgery radiation
Which of the following are symptoms of lung cancer?
chest pain recurring bronchitis persistent cough
Which of the following are among the lifestyle factors that increase colon cancer risk?
consumption of processed meats high intake of refined carbohydrates obesity consumption of red meat
Chromosomes are threadlike bodies in a cell nucleus that
contain molecules of DNA
Which racial/ethnic group in the U.S. suffers from particularly high rates of liver and stomach cancers?
Asian Americans and Pacific Islander Americans
Which of the following statements about lung cancer are correct?
Despite available treatments, lung cancer is often too invasive to be cured. Radiation and chemotherapy are common treatments for lung cancer.
The virus best known for causing mononucleosis, which is also suspected of contributing to Hodgkin's disease, is called
Epstein-Barr.
At what point in weight loss does an overweight or obese person realize a decrease in their cancer risk?
Even a small amount of weight loss has benefits.
Cancer is the abnormal, uncontrolled death of cells, usually confined to a specific organ of the body.
False, cancer is the abnormal, uncontrolled multiplication of cells, which can ultimately cause death if left untreated.
Which of the following statements regarding nitrates and nitrites are correct?
Nitrates and nitrites are commonly found in processed meats. Nitrates and nitrites are not carcinogenic but can be converted into carcinogens in the stomach. Common food additives include nitrates and nitrites.
Which of the following correctly describes the increased cancer risk associated with dietary fats?
Omega-3 fats are not associated with a higher risk of certain cancers.
The DNA in the chemical substance DNA stands for
deoxyribonucleic acid.
Which of the following are risk factors for prostate cancer?
diet high in saturated fat Type 2 diabetes high-calorie diet
Illiana has noticed a dimpling of the skin on her right breast as well as flaky skin around her right nipple. What should she do?
See her physician and report these findings.
Which of the following statements regarding skin cancer treatment are incorrect?
Surgical removal of a skin lesion usually requires the patient to be hospitalized overnight.
Which of the following statements regarding ovarian cancer detection are true?
Symptoms of ovarian cancer may include bloating, pelvic pain, and urinary urgency. There are no screening tests to detect ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer is often detected in the final stages of the disease.
What is the most reliable screening test for ovarian cancer?
There is no reliable screening test for ovarian cancer.
Which of the following are ways fruits and vegetables are believed to fight cancer?
They block carcinogens from acting on target cells. They prevent carcinogens from forming.
There is a strong genetic factor in breast cancer.
True, their is a strong genetic factor in breast cancer
_______ radiation causes sunburn and is damaging to the skin and eyes.
UVB
Which of the following are ways skin cancer can be detected?
Which of the following are symptoms of ovarian cancer?
Which of the following statements about bladder cancer are correct?
With early detection, 96% of bladder cancer cases are curable. Symptoms include blood in urine and increased frequency of urination. Men are more likely to develop bladder cancer than women.
If a woman has had one of the three HPV vaccines that have been approved by the FDA
she should continue to receive routine Pap tests.
People can lower their risks of developing cervical cancer by
practicing safe sex.
Cancer's original location is called the
primary tumor.
A PSA blood test can detect _______ cancer.
prostate
The most common type of cancer diagnosed in men is ______ cancer.
prostate
_____ is the second leading cause of cancer death in men.
prostate cancer
PSA stands for
prostate-specific antigen
In a listing of most common causes of death in the United States, cancer ranks
second.
Which of the following refers to new growths resulting from the spread of cancer cells to new locations?
secondary tumors