Kin 150 Final Exam

What are seven styles of leadership?

Authoritative; participative or democratic; coaching; delegating or laissez-fair; pacesetting; coercive or autocratic; servant

Coaches and parents typically reward effort more than outcome in youth sport programs.

False

Due to physical limitations, older adults should not engage in highly competitive sports or vigorous physical activities.

False

Exercise and science curricula use technologies such as heart rate monitors, exer-games, and non-traditional activities and sports to more actively engage students and enhance their learning.

False

Graduates of curricular in the exercise and sport sciences find careers almost exclusively in private fitness clubs working with young adults.

False

The primary purpose of assessments in schools should be used to provide the data upon which to base grades.

False

Values such as teamwork, cooperation, self-discipline, and sportsmanship are inherent values associated with sport.

False

Women physical educators in the early 1900s favored sport competitions for college women.

False

What were two of the alternative types of physical activities advocated for females in colleges as an alternative to intercollegiate athletics in the 1920s-1950s?

Field day Play day Sports day Telegraphic meet

A computerized fitness reporting system that assesses the health-related fitness concepts that is used to report fitness levels to parents

Fitnessgram

What is the name of the report card sent home to parents that describes the physical fitness level of school children?

Fitnessgram

What was the aspect of physical fitness that was primarily measured by the Kraus-Weber Minimal Muscular Test?

Flexibility

What was the primary activity of the Girls' Branch of the Public Schools Athletic League?

Folk dancing

A famous researcher in the late 1800's called for a new approach for physical education and stressed the relation of physical education to overall complete education

Thomas Wood

A very important Act that finally required equal opportunity for females in all schools and organizations was established in 1972

Title IX

Because excess weight can easily be gained, it is equally easy to lose excess weight.

False

The new physical education of the 1920's focused on developing the whole child offered opportunities for all children to participate was termed _______

"New Physical Education"

The most notable measurement/ achievement tests in the early 1900's

- David Brace's Motor Ability tests - Frederick Cozen's test of general athletic ability - Frederick Roger's strength index and Fitness index - Charles McCloy's Motor Quotient

The potential negative outcomes of youth sport programs

- Exploitation of young adults - Extreme presures on young athletes to win - Adults who dispute officials and berate children - Elimination of less- skilled children

The two major problems that continue to be an issue in men's college sports

1) Academic problems 2) Recruiting issues

Two events that plagued the Olympic Games and disrupted the friendly interactions among athletes of the world.

1) Capture & killing of Israeli athletes in 1972 2) Bombing at the Atlanta games in 1996

The two themes that emerged in physical education were:

1) Education of the physical- what its all about 2) education through the physical- learning other subject matters

Three important developments by Luther Gulick were ________

1) Unity in the development of mind, body, spirit 2) The YMCA triangle promoting the all around man 3) Founded the public schools Athletic League that started after-school sports or promotion of play

PT is one of the ______ happiest jobs in the U.S.A

10

Physical Education moved from formal exercise programs to a part of the curricula in the schools by the __________

1920's

The 'fitness mania' which brought about the obsession with jogging, swimming, tennis, particularly among the middle and upper class began in this decade

1970's

Over _______ % of people are partner or own their own business ? Entrepreneur

21 %

How many observation hours are required for PT at UMC

24 hours

What is the job growth rate for Business Administration of Sports?

3 %

What is the percentage of members of fitness centers?

8 %

Which organization largely controlled amateur sports outside the colleges in the United States during the 1900s? A. Amateur Athletic Union B. National Amateur Athletic Federation C. National Collegiate Athletic Association D. National Recreation and Park Association E. United States Olympic Committee

A. Amateur Athletic Union

Which of the following is a major problem in many youth sport programs today? A. An overemphasis on winning B. Emphasis on fun C. Intrinsic motivation D. Learning and playing several sports E. Participation for all

A. An overemphasis on winning

What is a measurement of knowledge, skills, and abilities that leads to the assignment of a value or score? A. Assessment B. Competency C. Goal D. Problem solving E. Standard

A. Assessment

Which of the following organizations does not govern any aspect of intercollegiate athletics today? A. Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women B. National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics C. National Collegiate Athletic Association: D. National Junior College Athletic Association E. All of the above are intercollegiate governing organizations today

A. Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women

Which of the following is not a basic movement principle of movement education? A. Children should model their teachers' movements B. Children determine their own starting points C. Children proceed from activities they know into previously unknown movement patterns D. Children continue to move within their own limitations E. Children develop confidence through successful movement experiences

A. Children should model their teachers' movements

What was the purpose of the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women? A. Conduct national tournaments B. Keep the men from taking over existing sports programs for females C. Select female athletes for the Olympic Games D. Standardize playing rules in sports played by females E. All of the above were important purposes for its establishment.

A. Conduct national tournaments

Which of the following is an instructional challenge facing physical educators in schools? A. Drug and alcohol abuse by students B. Extensive parental and family involvement in school programs C. Properly sized classes grouped homogeneously according to skill level D. Unlimited facilities and equipment E. All of the above are instructional challenges.

A. Drug and alcohol abuse by students

Which of the following would be an optimal curriculum for these school levels? A. Elementary school — fundamental movement and sport skills; middle school — skill development in team sports and social skills; secondary school — lifetime sports and physical fitness B. Elementary school — play; middle school — social skills; secondary school —health C. Elementary school — psychomotor development; middle school — affective development; secondary school — cognitive development D. Elementary school — team sports; middle school — individual sports; secondary school — physical fitness E. Elementary school, middle school, and secondary school — physical fitness

A. Elementary school — fundamental movement and sport skills; middle school — skill development in team sports and social skills; secondary school — lifetime sports and physical fitness

Which of the following is a problem associated with interscholastic sports? A. Inducements to change schools are being provided to highly skilled adolescents B. "No pass, no play" C. Not enough emphasis on winning D. Too much emphasis on team sports E. Both A and C

A. Inducements to change schools are being provided to highly skilled adolescents

Who designed the YMCA triangle, emblematic of the all-around man? A. Luther Gulick B. Clark Hetherington C. Jay Nash D. Jesse Williams E. Thomas Wood

A. Luther Gulick

Which style of leadership involves others in the decision-making process? A. Participative or democratic. B. Authoritative. C. Coaching. D. Delegating. E. Coercive

A. Participative or democratic

Explain the concepts underlying movement education.

Activity-centered and student-centered; experimentation through movement; problem- solving and guided discovery; progressing at one's own rate; informal class atmosphere

A very important form of physical education that allowed children with special needs to participate

Adapted Physical Education

Which of the following provides a report card on the fitness levels of school children? A. AAHPERD Youth Fitness Test B. Activitygram C. Fitnessgram D. Physical Best E. None of the above

B. Activitygram

Repetitiveness of a task, role conflict, or the lack of potential for advancement contribute to A. Activity program adherence B. Career burnout C. Lack of accreditation D. Lack of certification E. Merit pay

B. Career burnout

Who initially stated the physical education objectives of organic, psychomotor, character, and intellectual development? A. Luther Gulick B. Clark Hetherington C. Jay Nash D. Jesse Williams E. Thomas Wood

B. Clark Hetherington

What was Jesse Williams' philosophy toward physical education? A. Education of the physical B. Education through the physical C. Educational naturalism D. Play E. Recreation

B. Education through the physical

Which of the following was the recreational thrust in the 1960s? A. Industrial recreation B. Lifetime sports C. Outdoor education D. Physical fitness E. None of the above

B. Lifetime sports

What is required by Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments relative to financial assistance (grants-in-aid) for athletes? A. Interests and abilities of male and female students are equally effectively accommodated B. Must be available on a substantially proportional basis to the number of male and female athletes C. Must be available on a substantially proportional basis to the number of undergraduate students D. There must be equivalent treatment, benefits, and opportunities E. None of the above

B. Must be available on a substantially proportional basis to the number of male and female athletes

What directly led to the establishment of the President's Council on Youth Fitness? A. Publication of Kenneth Cooper's Aerobics B. Publication of the results of the Kraus-Weber Minimal Muscular Fitness Test C. Publication of The New Physical Education D. The development of the Youth Fitness Test by the American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation E. Women's recent losses in the Olympic Games

B. Publication of the results of the Kraus- Weber Minimal Muscular Fitness Test

The "great man" theory of leadership suggests A. That all people are great leaders. B. That great leaders are genetically predisposed to be great leaders. C. That leadership is learned. D. That great leaders arise from specific circumstances. E. that great leaders tie rewards to performance.

B. That great leaders are genetically predisposed to be great leaders

Outdoor education emerged in the 1950's and provided Americans with the opportunity to get away from daily routines and stress. Schools began offering courses in these activities

Backpacking, rock climbing, spelunking, orienteering, & rope courses

What was any one of the components of the Lifetime Health-Related Lifetime Physical Fitness Test?

Body composition 1.5 mile or 12-min run bent-knee sit-ups in 60 seconds straight leg with arm extension

What is a standard? A. A certification process B. A measure of the knowledge, skills, and abilities that leads to the assignment of a value or score C. A uniform criterion or minimum essential element for the measurement of quality D. Political right that states that an individual or institution be held responsible to achieve a specified action E. The expectation that all students will be treated equitably

C. A uniform criterion or minimum essential element for the measurement of quality

Which performance-enhancing drug increases energy in short duration, high intensity activities, enhances gains in muscle fiber volume, improves anaerobic performance, and delays muscle fatigue but has the negative sides effects of dehydrating the blood stream and causing renal disease? A. Anabolic Steroids B. Androstenedione C. Creatine D. Erythropoietin (EPO) E. Protein supplements

C. Creatine

Highly motivated and competent teams would benefit from which style of leadership? A. Autocratic. B. Servant. C. Delegating or laissez-faire. D. Coaching. E. Pacesetting.

C. Delegating or laissez- faire

Which of the following best describes Title IX as it applies to athletics? A. Equal funding for males and females B. Equal number of teams for males and females C. Equal opportunity for males and females D. Equal scholarships for males and females E. All of the above are required by Title IX.

C. Equal opportunity for males and females

According to federal law, which of the following is not required to be included in an Individualized Education Plan? A. Current performance levels B. Dates and places for services C. Monthly goals D. Participation with non-disabled children E. Participation in state and district-wide tests

C. Monthly Goals

Which of the following was not an advocacy position of the Women's Division of the National Amateur Athletic Federation beginning in1923? A. Advocated "A sport for every girl, and every girl in a sport" B. Favored play days for girls and women C. Opposed international competition D. Promoted "Play the game for the game's sake" E. All of the above were advocated by this organization.

C. Opposed international competition

Which of the following objectives did Charles McCloy believe to be the most important? A. Emotional control B. Having fun C. Organic fitness D. Rules knowledge and strategies E. Social interaction

C. Organic fitness

Why did physical educators in the 1920s favor and support interscholastic athletics while opposing competition for elementary-aged children? A. Not enough facilities, coaches, and money for both programs B. Elementary school athletics were prohibited by state laws C. They believed that adolescents were developmentally ready for sports competitions, whereas elementary school aged children were not D. All of the above E. Both A and C

C. They believed that adolescents were developmentally ready for sports competitions, whereas elementary school aged children were not

Which of the following federal laws does not provide for the rights of persons with special needs? A. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act B. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 C. Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments D. Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 E. All of the above guarantee these rights.

C. Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments

Emerging during World War I and II were an emphasis of training soldiers for war through use of these exercises

Calisthenics

What is a lifetime sport?

Can be played throughout life

Describe characteristics of a corporate fitness program that would provide excellent experiences for participants.

Certified personnel in exercise prescription; certified personnel in first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation; assist participants in setting personal goals following a fitness assessment; incentives are provided; exercise programs includes family members or friends

This PE teacher believed that PE should be taught to develop an individual's fitness and sport skills

Charles McCloy

This PE teacher believed that PE should be taught to develop an individual's fitness and sports skills

Charles McCloy

- Directed physical training and athletics at the University of Missouri - Established a Demonstration Play School at the University of California at Berkeley

Clark Hetherington

The physical educator coined the phrase "the New Physical Education" and believe that play was a child's chief business in life

Clark Hetherington

What were the three types of programs of the Public Schools Athletic League (for boys)?

Class Athletics Athletic badge tests Interschool athletics

What were the two problem areas identified in American College Athletics published in 1929 by the Carnegie Foundation?

Commercialism Loss of educational values

What are five examples of ways to promote physical activity programs outside of schools?

Conduct community events such as road races and fun runs; develop playgrounds and fitness trails; advocate for increased funding for community recreation programs; write newspaper articles that promote active lifestyles

Which of the following was the recreational thrust in the 1970s and advocated by Kenneth Cooper? A. Industrial recreation B. Lifetime sports C. Outdoor education D. Aerobic fitness E. None of the above

D. Aerobic fitness

Which of the following is not one of the three ways to comply with meeting the interests and abilities of male and female students as required by Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments? A. Participation opportunities are substantially proportionate to the undergraduate enrollment. B. There must have been a continuing practice of program expansion in response to developing interests and abilities of the under-represented sex. C. An institution must show that the interest and abilities of the members of the under- represented sex have been fully and effectively accommodated. D. An equal number of athletic teams must be provided for males and females. E. All of the above are required to comply with Title IX.

D. An equal number of athletic teams must be provided for males and females

Which of these is a challenge facing professionals in recreation and leisure services? A. Career ladder B. Increasingly diverse population C. Protection of natural resources and open space D. Both B and C E. None of the above

D. Both B and C

All of the following are characteristic of leaders except A. Integrity. B. Effective communication skills. C. Strong social skills. D. Incompetence. E. Intelligence.

D. Incompetence

Which of the following provides an educational approach to fitness that can help motivate students to be more physically active? A. Kraus-Weber Minimal Muscular Fitness Test B. AAHPERD Youth Fitness Test C. AAHPERD Health-Related Lifetime Physical Fitness Test D. Physical Best E. None of the above

D. Physical Best

Luther Gulick and Clark Hetherington emphasized which program focus? A. Education of the physical B. Education through the physical C. Naturalism D. Play E. Recreation

D. Play

Concerning girls and women in sport, which of the following is true? A. More females than males compete on athletic teams in schools and colleges. B. Recreation programs provide equally for both genders. C. Since Title IX was enacted, a larger percentage of women coach and administer athletic teams and programs for girls and women. D. Societal attitudes still impede full acceptance of female athletes. E. Women's and men's intercollegiate programs have achieved equal status throughout the United States.

D. Societal attitudes still impede full acceptance of female athletes.

Which type(s) of sports opportunities did college women participate in during the 1920s through the 1960s? A. Club sports, intramurals, and city recreation leagues B. Intercollegiate athletics C. Olympic competitions D. Sports days, play days, and field days E. All competitions were banned.

D. Sports days, play days, and field days

Which of the following is a contributing factor to the role conflict for physical education teachers who are also coaches? A. Coaches are paid more than physical education teachers in schools. B. Public school coaches are permitted to recruit athletes for their teams, but physical education teachers have to teach all students. C. State budgets provide all the needed resources for athletics, but not enough funds to support instructional programs in physical education. D. There are conflicts between the time and energy demands to successfully fulfill teaching and coaching responsibilities. E. All of the above contribute to the role conflict.

D. There are conflicts between the time and energy demands to successfully fulfill teaching and coaching responsibilities

Steve Jobs is an example of which leadership theory? A. Great Man. B. Behavioral. C. Situational. D. Transformational. E. Transactional.

D. Transformational

-Used anthropometrics to prescribe exercise programs for college women -Named professor of physical education

Delphine Hanna

This woman emerged as a leader in physical education and bridged the transition between the 19th and 20th century

Delphine Hanna

This woman emerged as a leader in physical education and brightened the transition between the 19th & 20th century

Delphine Hanna

Which of the following would help eliminate problems associated with youth sports? A. Emphasizing playing several sports, not specializing in one sport B. Emphasizing winning C. Playing every child in each game and in different positions D. Teaching and modeling values like cooperation, discipline, fair play, respect, responsibility, sportsmanship, and teamwork E. All except B

E. All except B

Which of the following is not associated with the potential of role conflict between physical educators and coaches? A. Job expectations B. Job security C. Time constraints D. Unequal rewards E. All of the above are associated with this potential role conflict.

E. All of the above are associated with this potential role conflict

Which of the following is not a challenge facing professionals in exercise science? A. Expense of corporate programs B. Funding shortages for public programs C. Lack of access to fitness programs by some minorities, females, seniors, or individuals with special needs D. Lack of fitness program adherence by participants E. All of the above are challenges.

E. All of the above are challenges

Which of the following was not an example of historical discrimination against ethnic minorities in sports in this country? A. Academic exploitation, such as through tracking B. Exclusion C. Quotas D. Stacking E. All of the above are examples of discrimination against ethnic minorities in sports.

E. All of the above are examples of discrimination against ethnic minorities in sports.

Which of the following is not a factor in promoting adherence to exercise programs? A. Implementing an individualized and progressive program B. Periodically assessing progress C. Setting realistic goals D. Working out with another person for support and encouragement E. All of the above are important for adherence to exercise programs.

E. All of the above are important for adherence to exercise programs

Which of the following could be a possible action that could reduce problems or emphasize benefits in intercollegiate athletics? A. Admit only those athletes who meet the academic standards for admission to the institutions they attend B. Excuse athletes from classes no more than five days per academic year for travel and competition C. Limit grants-in-aid to tuition, fees, and books, award only on the basis of need, and guarantee for five years D. Require one-year residency prior to competition for freshmen and transfer students so academic eligibility is based on a student's academic performance not on a standardized test score or grades from high school E. All of the above are possible ways to reduce problems or emphasize benefits in intercollegiate athletics.

E. All of the above are possible ways to reduce problems or emphasize benefits in intercollegiate athletics.

Which of the following is not a threat to the integrity of intercollegiate sports? A. Arms race B. Breaking the rules (cheating) to gain competitive advantages C. Drug abuse D. Violence E. All of the above are potential threats to the integrity of sports.

E. All of the above are potential threats to the integrity of sports.

Which of the following is not a symptom of career burnout? A. Constant tension from too little or too much stimulation B. Eating or drinking excessively C. Frustration with task repetitiveness and excessive work demands D. Lessened enjoyment of work and leisure activities E. All of the above are symptoms.

E. All of the above are sympotoms

Which of the following is not a justification for the popularity of intercollegiate athletics? A. Intercollegiate athletics reflect societal attitudes, beliefs, and values about sport. B. Beneficial outcomes, such as college spirit and release of tension, exceed the problems. C. They are beneficial for public relations. D. They provide educational opportunities for some who otherwise could not afford to attend college. E. All of the above have been used to justify intercollegiate athletics.

E. All of the above have been used to justify intercollegiate athletics

Children with special needs should be excused from school physical education classes.

False

Which of the following would not be a benefit of a school physical education program? A. Develop movement skills B. Improve self-confidence, self-esteem, and self-control C. Improve muscular strength, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance D. Promote positive, lifelong physical activity E. All of the above should be benefits.

E. All of the above should be benefits

Which of the following will not impact recreational and leisure services programs in the future? A. Altered family and work patterns including latch-key kids B. Demographic changes C. Economic factors D. Environmental concerns E. All of the above will impact recreational and leisure services programs.

E. All of the above will impact recreational and leisure services programs

Which of the following has been a contributing factor to the lack of proper preparation of some interscholastic coaches? A. Increase in the number of high school physical education teachers B. Increase in the number of interscholastic sports coaches needed C. Decrease in the number of interscholastic sports coaches D. Decrease in the number of school physical education positions E. Both B and D

E. Both B and D

Which state is the least obese? A. California. B. New York. C. Mississippi. D. Tennessee. E. Colorado.

E. Colorado

Which of the following is an accurate rationale for why daily physical education should not be required for all school children? A. All children and youth need are community sport programs to develop physically. B. American children are physically fit. C. Programs should be provided only for those with skills, so interscholastic sports programs are all that are needed. D. Recess provides enough time for children to play. E. None of the above is an accurate statement.

E. None of the above is an accurate statement

Which of the following is a valued outcome of youth sports programs? A. Coaches following college and professional models in designing practices B. Competitions among the best athletes, such as providing funding for only travel or elite teams C. Specialization in one sport to gain a competitive advantage over other children D. Starting youth in competitive leagues early E. None of the above should be emphasized.

E. None of the above should be emphasized

What was the recreational emphasis in the 1950s? A. Fitness activity like jogging and aquatic sports B. Industrial recreation programs in basketball, softball, and bowling C. Inexpensive activities like softball and bowling D. Lifetime sports like badminton, tennis, and golf E. Outdoor education like hiking, camping, and backpacking

E. Outdoor education like hiking, camping, and backpacking

Which of the following provides competitive opportunities specifically individuals who are developmental delayed mentally? A. American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance B. International Games for the Disabled C. National Collegiate Athletic Association D. National Federation of State High School Associations E. Special Olympics

E. Special Olympics

Who wrote The New Physical Education, which provided the philosophical foundation for school programs in the twentieth century? A. Luther Gulick and Thomas Wood B. Clark Hetherington and Jay Nash C. Jay Nash and Jesse Williams D. Jesse Williams and Delphine Hanna E. Thomas Wood and Rosalind Cassidy

E. Thomas Wood and Rosalind Cassidy

What describes Charles McCloy's approach to physical education?

Education through the physical

What was the theme or curricular emphasis for Jesse Williams?

Education through the physical

The curriculum should focus on fundamental movement skills and progress from simple to complex movements

Elementary School Programs

Name several societal factors that are changing how recreation and leisure services are being and will be provided.

Ethnic diversity; demographics (especially more older individuals); two-career families; child care; latch-key kids; crime and violence; environmental issues; economic (budgetary) constraints

Describe the changes in sports opportunities for ethnic minorities, senior citizens, and individuals with special needs.

Ethnic minorities have entered all sports but predominated in team sports; they still face subtle and sometimes overt discriminations Senior citizens are gradually being provided more competitive and recreational activities Individuals with special needs have several competitions but have not always been provided the opportunities desired by some

What are any two of the historical approaches to dealing with students with special needs in physical education?

Excused Corrective or remedial Individualized Mainstreaming Inclusion Least restrictive environment

A computerized reporting system of a health- related physical fitness assessment. It allows physical education teachers to easily report their students' fitness levels to parents

FITNESSGRAM

A major difference between interscholastic sports and intercollegiate athletics is that college athletes must meet minimal academic standards, while high school athletes do not have to meet minimal academic standards.

False

Interdisciplinary research will characterize the work of physical education teachers because the problems and issues investigated can be more effectively solved and funding is more readily available through collaborations that require shared expertise.

False

Jesse Williams and Charles McCloy advocated for the attainment of educational objectives as physical education's primary objective.

False

Jesse Williams developed the health and physical education programs at Stanford University and Teachers College of Columbia University.

False

Numerous females claim that the National Collegiate Athletic Association's academic eligibility requirements discriminate against them.

False

Outdoor activities were popular recreational programs in the 1970s.

False

Physical education continues to enjoy wide acceptance as the appropriate identifying term for the various programs and careers that involve movement, play, sport, recreation, athletics, and other forms of physical activity.

False

Physical educators have always taken a leading role in promoting participation in sports and activities in the United States.

False

Research has proven that ethnic minority athletes are bigger, stronger, and generally more highly skilled than are white athletes.

False

School administrators have been the leading supporters for the expansion of school physical education programs.

False

School physical education programs for all grades should emphasize team sports.

False

Senior citizens and individuals with special needs have equal sporting opportunities in comparison with other groups.

False

Since most individuals continue their participation once they begin to exercise, adherence to physical activity is not an issue.

False

The Kraus-Weber Minimal Muscular Fitness Test showed American children superior to European children on six fitness items.

False

The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education requires either an institutional self-study or on-site peer evaluation for the accreditation of programs.``

False

The first national tournaments for women's intercollegiate sports were established by the National Collegiate Athletic Association.

False

What are several approaches to dealing with potential burnout?

Get a complete physical exam; get adequate sleep; eat nutritious and timely meals; exercise regularly; develop coping skills for dealing with stress; understand yourself and how you deal with stress; set realistic goals; learn to manage your time more effectively; take time for relaxation; nurture personal relationships; engage in meaningful service to others; practice healthy communication; express your feelings to someone you trust; keep your sense of humor

What are six theories of leadership?

Great man theory; great trait theory; behavioral theory; situational theory; transactional or management theory; transformational or relationship theory

requires public schools to provide increased amounts of physical activity and health education instruction for K-12 students

Healthy Students Act of Mississippi

What was the recreational emphasis for the 1940s?

Industrial recreation

- stressed educational values, social education, and education through the physical

Jesse Williams

Expanding on Wood's ideas of PE as part of a complete curriculum and believing in "Education through the physical" this man was also a big advocate of achieving social outcomes

Jesse Williams

Developed the aerobics fitness scoring system that helped spawn the popularity of jogging and other fitness activities in the 1970s

Kenneth Cooper

This researcher coined the term " aerobic" exercise and established the Research Institute of Dallas

Kenneth Cooper

_________, a very well-known fitness test conducted in _________ among American youth and European youth sent out a strong message that American youth fell well below average on fitness levels

Kraus- Weber Fitness in 1954

Describe the federal legislation that requires physical activity opportunities for students with special needs.

Legislation beginning in the 1970s and consolidated into the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act requires that all children with special needs be provided an appropriate education within the least restrictive environment.

What was the recreational emphasis during the 1960s?

Lifetime sports

-Served as instructor and superintendent of the Department of Physical Training at the YMCA Training School - Directed physical training for the New York City public schools - Established public schools Athletic League in New York City - Helped establish the Playground Association of America

Luther Gulick

A student of Delphine Hanna this man became an instructor of the YMCA training school in Springfield, Massachusetts and an advocate for amateur sports

Luther Gulick

This physical educator coined the phrase "the New Physical Education" and believed that play was a child's chief business in life.

Luther Gulick

The playground movement that provided adequate playgrounds throughout the country had two physical educator who were instrumental in the foundation of the Playground Association of America (PAA) in 1906.

Luther Gulick , Henry Curtis

Elected as the first female president of the American Physical Education Association and worked to establish women's participation in sports

Mabel Lee

This physical educator was elected as the first female president of the American Physical Education Association and worked to establish women's participation in sports.

Mabel Lee

What is a required course for PT at UAB?

Medical Terminology

The curriculum should focus on developing responsible personal and social behaviors through team sports, games, dance, and adventure activities

Middle School Programs

This form of curricula emphasized the importance of offering challenges to students and encouraging them to use problem solving skills to learn

Movement Education

- Helped formulate the philosophical cornerstone for the new physical education

Thomas Wood

This organization was developed in 1906 and attempted to control the roughness and brutality of football

National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)

What are the main problems facing the Olympic Games today?

Nationalism; politics; cheating; biased judging; commercialization; escalating costs; drug abuse

Highest paying state for PT

Nevada

The first university to hire a director on intramural sports

Ohio State University

What were Clark Hetherington's four phases of educational process?

Organic education Psychomotor education character education intellectual education

Explain the philosophy of mass participation and the provision of sports opportunities for college women in the 1900s.

Play was advocated by women physical educators through the 1960s (participation and social outcomes were stressed); changing attitudes in society and the unmet needs of highly- skilled women resulted in more competitive opportunities

Discuss the development of the children's playground movement as it evolved into recreational programs for the entire family.

Playgrounds for children to parks for the whole family; play spaces in urban areas were insufficient, so structured recreational programs and facilities were provided; broadening in types of leisure time activities for all ages

This national organization was established as a result of the low fitness levels of American youth by President _____________

President's Council on Youth Fitness by President Eisenhower

What problems are currently associated with intercollegiate athletic programs at many large universities?

Problems — academics issues like preferential admissions, missed classes, freshman eligibility, getting unearned grades, and failure to graduate; recruiting violations; pressures to win; commercialization); point shaving and gambling, drug use and abuse

What problems face community-based youth sports programs and interscholastic sports, and how might they be resolved?

Problems — overemphasis on winning; parental and fan pressures; loss of values; physical and psychological damage; insufficient financial support; overemphasis on specialization and training Resolutions — need to emphasize fun, skill development, social outcomes, and the development of values

What is the Praxis Series?

Professional assessments for beginning teachers required in many states for licensure; the series includes tests of reading, writing, and mathematics skills; measures prospective teachers' knowledge of their major fields of study; assessment of actual teaching skills

The most important legislation to solidify quality physical education specifically designed to meet the needs of children with special needs.

Public Law 94-142 Eventually became IDEA

What was the theme or curricular emphasis for Jay Nash?

Recreation and lifetime sports

Legislation passed in 1973 specified that 'no otherwise qualified handicapped person shall be excluded from participation of physical education'

Rehabilitation Act of 1973 Section 504

the highest paid state for physical education

Rhode Island

The curriculum should focus on developing and maintaining a health-enhancing level of physical fitness, including aerobics, muscular strength and endurance, and lifetime sports and activities

Secondary school physical educaiton

Trace the evolution of men's intercollegiate athletics from class competitions to commercialized businesses

Student-controlled activities to faculty restraints on extracurricular programs to alumni management of sports to a commercialized business; limited funding to strong interest by fans in winning

How do the processes of teacher licensure and program accreditation enhance the quality of teacher preparation?

Teachers must possess stated competencies or complete specified courses at accredited institutions to be qualified; accreditation ensures the quality of college and university curricula and seeks assessments that measure performance outcomes as a demonstration of student learning

These meets enable women to compete in several sports and compare their times/ scores with females from other institutes

Telegraphic Meets

What national council developed as a result of low test scores from the Kraus- Weber tests?

The President's Council on Youth Fitness

How have federal legislation and changing societal attitudes affected girls' and women's sport competitions?

Title IX requires equal opportunities for all students; societal attitudes have changed to more readily accept and respect girls and women who compete in athletics

A dramatic change in physical activity programs has been the burgeoning interest in the exercise and sport sciences and the proliferation of programs preparing students for careers in non-educational settings.

True

According to Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments Act, boys and girls can be separated in physical education classes when contact sports are taught.

True

According to federal legislation, equity is required for girls and boys in schools relative to curricular and extracurricular opportunities.

True

According to the American Heart Association, high blood pressure, smoking, high blood cholesterol, and physical inactivity are significant contributors to heart disease.

True

Adhering to high standards as demonstrated through the assessment of student learning is essential for demonstrating the effectiveness of physical education in schools.

True

American youth performed poorly on the first administration of the AAHPER Youth Fitness Test in 1958.

True

Apathetic students, repetitiveness of teaching, lack of adequate facilities and equipment, violence in schools, and disciplinary issues with students are challenges facing physical educators in schools.

True

Because of economic constraints, the pay-for-play philosophy may become a way of financing interscholastic sport programs.

True

Campus recreation programs often include intramurals, club sports, free play; faculty-staff programs, and non-athletic activities, such as games, crafts, dances, and movies.

True

Delphine Hanna emphasized anthropometrics for females at Oberlin College.

True

Historically in the United States, many opposed competitive sports for females because they believed that competitive sports would be harmful to females physically and emotionally.

True

Interdisciplinary research among exercise and sport scientists has a greater likelihood of being funded by the federal government than does specialized research in only one discipline.

True

Leaders should have integrity, communicate effectively, build and nurture strong relationships with people, be visionary and creative, establish, maintain, and model high standards of performance, and be intelligent and competent.

True

The National Collegiate Athletic Association requires at least minimal academic achievement to qualify for intercollegiate competition.

Truew

Learning movement skills is more likely to occur when they are taught in developmentally appropriate ways.

True

Movement education focuses on the developmental readiness of a child to learn through problem solving and guided discovery.

True

National championships exist in some youth sports.

True

Obesity is a major health issue for individuals of all ages in the United States.

True

Participation in regular physical activity boosts a person's energy level.

True

Physical activity can serve as a preventive measure for both disease and degeneration for senior citizens.

True

Planning and promoting special events for National Employee Health and Fitness Day in May is an example of public relations.

True

Professionals in careers in the exercise and sport sciences need to provide quality programs in specialized settings to prove that a higher degree of competence is needed to fulfill the responsibilities of these careers than may currently be the case.

True

Professionals in fitness-related careers are challenged to help those they serve begin and maintain physical activity programs.

True

Professionals in physical education, exercise science, and sport careers are accountable for the quality of their programs as well as responsible for promoting the importance of what they do.

True

School physical education programs have unique and important contributions to make to the learning of students.

True

Setting realistic goals is an important factor in adherence to a physical activity program.

True

Since work-related stress probably occurs, professionals need to understand stress and learn how to prevent or reduce its effects.

True

Sport as entertainment continues to grow in popularity at all competitive levels with winning and associated commercialization emphasized even more.

True

Sport opportunities are limited for individuals from lower socio-economic levels, who are disproportionately from ethnic minority groups, due to the cost of equipment, lack of access to specialized facilities, and expense of lessons or coaching.

True

State Games provide a variety of sports opportunities for individuals of all ages.

True

The Amateur Athletic Union dominated the selection of athletes who represented the United States in the Olympic Games until the passage of the 1978 Amateur Sports Act.

True

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires the development of an Individualized Education Program for every child with special needs, including specifically for physical education.

True

The National Collegiate Athletic Association and the United States Olympic Committee use drug testing to deter the use of banned substances that could provide an unfair advantage to the athletes taking them.

True

The President's Council on Youth Fitness was established as an outgrowth of the results of the Kraus-Weber Minimal Muscular Fitness Test.

True

The Sanity Code, which was enacted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in 1948, sought to restrict the recruitment of intercollegiate athletes as well as to eliminate athletic scholarships.

True

The most common requirement for becoming an interscholastic coach is a teaching license.

True

The new physical education focused on play, sports, games, and natural, outdoor activities.

True

The use of technological advances and pharmacological products are used by athletes of all ages to enhance their skills and performances.

True

The win-at-all-costs attitude so pervasive in youth sports can be attributed mostly to adults.

True

There is a significant amount of rule-breaking behavior in recruiting in intercollegiate athletics.

True

Those most likely to participate in fitness activities are upper-income individuals, young adults, males, Caucasians, suburban residents, and the more highly educated.

True

Title IX of the 1972 Education Amendments influenced an increase in the number of girls and women in sport competitions in high schools and colleges in the 1980s.

True

Traditionally both physiological and societal factors have contributed to the inequality that many women experienced when seeking to compete in sports.

True

Year-round conditioning programs, specializing in one sport, and coaches' jobs depending on winning are problems associated with some interscholastic sport programs.

True

Describe some of the threats to the integrity of competitive sports.

Use of performance-enhancing drugs; academic problems; circumvention of rules to gain competitive advantages; pressures to win; violence; the "arms race"; gambling; excessive commercialization

Describe the curricula and the objectives of the "new physical education" as developed by Thomas Wood, Rosalind Cassidy, Luther Gulick, Clark Hetherington, Jay Nash, and Jesse Williams.

Wood and Cassidy —sports, games, aquatics, dance, and natural activities Gulick — play, athletics, some gymnastics, sports, and dance Hetherington — play, teacher education, sports, and play activities Nash — recreation, leisure-time activities, camping, and sports Williams — educational and social values and team sports

The Olympic games have been offered since 1896 with the exception of three times

World War I & II

By the 1920's Americans strongly encouraged schools to offer this to all students

competitive sports or youth sports programs

What is the biggest factor in getting a job in Sports Administration

having connections