KIN 223 Chapter 16: Nervous System - Senses

Place the structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior.

- iris - ciliary body - choroid

Place the ossicles of the ear in order from the tympanic membrane to the oval window.

- malleus - incus - stapes

Sensory receptors in which structures help monitor and adjust our equilibrium?

- saccule - utricle - semicircular ducts

Order these structures from superficial to deep. Start with the outermost structure first.

- sclera - choroid - the pigmented layer of the retina - the neural layer of the retina

Which are true of rods?

- there are more than 100 million rod cells per eye - they function well in dim light

Correctly match the letter to the photoreceptor or eye part.

A: choroid B: pigmented cell layer C: outer segment D: inner segment

Match the letter with the region of the eye.

A: fibrous tunic B: vascular tunic C: retina

Match the letter to the photoreceptor or photoreceptor part.

A: rod B: cone C: cell body

Match the letter and the structure using the provided image of the spiral organ.

A: tectorial membrane B: stereocilia C: cochlear branch D: basilar membrane

What region of the eye contains the ciliary body?

B

Receptors of the human body convert stimulus energy into:

an electrical signal

What chamber is between the iris and cornea?

anterior chamber

When the ______ membrane moves, the ______ on the spiral organ hair cells distort because they are anchored by the tectorial membrane.

basilar; stereocilia

Gustatory cells are found in taste ______

buds

Receptors initiate sensory input to the ______.

central nervous system

What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?

choroid

What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes?

choroid

Which structure of the eye absorbs light to prevent it from scattering within the eye?

choroid

The iris is continuous with the ______.

ciliary body

The auditory sensory axons of the ______ branch of cranial nerve number ______ terminate in the cochlear nucleus within the brainstem.

cochlear; VIII

What type of photoreceptors detects color?

cones

As we adjust to low light, our ______ becomes nonfunctional and it may take ______ for rhodopsin to become regenerated sufficiently so that you can see well in low-light conditions.

cones; 20-30 minutes

The limbus is the junction between the sclera and the ______.

cornea

Which are a part of the fibrous tunic?

cornea and sclera

When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called:

dark adaptation

Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different ______.

densities

Which is an accessory structure of the eye?

eyebrow

Pain is an example of a ______ sense.

general

The term equilibrium refers to our awareness and monitoring of our:

head position

The vestibulocochlear nerve transmits ______ information.

hearing and equilibrium

The retina is the ______ layer of the eye wall.

internal

What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers?

iris

Tactile receptors are a type of ______.

mechanoreceptor

Where are photoreceptors located?

neural layer of the retina

Optic tracts ultimately are directed to the primary visual cortex in the ______ lobe.

occipital

The sense of smell is called ______.

olfaction

The fat surrounding the eye is called ______

orbital fat

Olfactory receptors:

perceive odors

The external ear is located mostly on the outside of the body, while the middle and inner ear areas are housed within the ______ part of the temporal bone.

petrous

If stimulated over a period of time, ______ receptors lose eventually sensitivity.

phasic

What type of receptor can undergo adaptation?

phasic

The process of activating photoreceptors by altering the photopigments is known as ______.

phototransduction

The sclera:

provides for eye shape and is made of dense connective tissue

the black hole in the eye is called the _____ and it is surrounded by the colorful _____

pupil; iris

Most of the eye is ______ the orbit of the skull.

receded into

The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______.

receptive field

Sensory nerve signals from some viscera can be perceived as originating from another location. This is known as _________ pain.

referred

Some individuals experience pain in their left shoulder during a heart attack. This is an example of ______.

referred pain

______ occurs when impulses from an organ are perceived as originating from the skin.

referred pain

The apparent distortion of the spoon in the water glass is due to the phenomenon called ______

refraction

What structure makes up the posterior 5/6 of the fibrous tunic?

sclera

Which part of the eye is an attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles?

sclera

Receptors for general senses are distributed throughout the ______ and viscera.

skin

Localization and sensitivity are easily determined in a ______ receptive field.

small

We use the sense of ______ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of other individuals in the room, or potential danger.

smell

Taste buds are found on the tongue and ______.

soft palate

What is the most numerous type of receptor?

tactile receptors

Gustation is the sense of ______

taste

What is the name of structure A in the picture of the spiral organ?

tectorial membrane

The middle and inner ear are in which bone?

temporal bone

Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm?

the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus and superior colliculi

What are characteristics of the cornea?

transparent and avascular

Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels?

vascular tunic

The brain can determine the static position of the head due to sensors in the:

vestibule

Hearing and our sense of balance comes from the stimulation of which cranial nerve?

vestibulocochlear