KIN 223- Chapter 16 Smartbook
Which are true of rods?
- There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye - They function well in dim light
Order these structures from superficial to deep. Start with the outermost structure first.
1. Sclera 2. Choroid 3. Pigmented layer of retina 4. Neural layer of retina
Place the structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior.
1. iris 2. ciliary body 3. choroid
______ occurs when impulses from an organ are perceived as originating from the skin.
Referred pain
Receptors of the human body convert stimulus energy into ______.
an electrical signal
Which cavity of the eyeball is divided into an anterior and posterior chamber?
anterior cavity
When the ___ membrane moves, the ___ on the spiral organ hair cells distort because they are anchored by the tectorial membrane.
basilar; stereocilia
Gustatory cells are found in taste
buds
Receptors initiate sensory input to the ______.
central nervous system
What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?
choroid
What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes?
choroid
The iris is continuous with the ______.
ciliary body
The auditory sensory axons of the ___ branch of cranial nerve number ___ terminate in the cochlear nucleus within the brainstem.
cochlear; Vlll (8)
What type of photoreceptors detects color?
cones
As we adjust to low light, our ______ becomes nonfunctional and it may take ______ for rhodopsin to become regenerated sufficiently so that you can see well in low-light conditions.
cones; 20-30 minutes
Which are a part of the fibrous tunic?
cornea and sclera
When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called
dark adaptation
Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different ______.
densities
Which is an accessory structure of the eye?
eyebrow
The outmost layer of the eye is called the ______ tunic.
fibrous
The term equilibrium refers to our awareness and monitoring of our ___ position
head
The vestibulocochlear nerve transmits ______ information.
hearing and equilibrium
Pain is an example of a ______ sense.
in general
The retina is the ______ layer of the eye wall.
internal
What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers?
iris
Tactile receptors are a type of ______.
mechanoreceptor
Optic tracts ultimately are directed to the primary visual cortex in the ______ lobe.
occipital
The fat surrounding the eye is called ______ fat.
orbital
Olfactory receptors ______.
perceive odors
The external ear is located mostly on the outside of the body, while the middle and inner ear areas are housed within the ___ part of the temporal bone.
petrous
What type of receptor can undergo adaptation?
phasic
If stimulated over a period of time, ________ receptors lose sensitivity over time.
phasic/adapting
The iris controls the size of the ______.
pupil
Most of the eye is ______ the orbit of the skull.
receded into
The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______.
receptive field
Some individuals experience pain in their left shoulder during a heart attack. This is an example of ______.
referred pain
The apparent distortion of the spoon in the water glass is due to the phenomenon called
refraction
What structure is the "white" of the eye?
sclera
What structure makes up the posterior 5/6 of the fibrous tunic?
sclera
Which part of the eye is an attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles?
sclera
Receptors for general senses are usually ______.
simple structure
Localization and sensitivity are easily determined in a ______ receptive field.
small
We use the sense of ____ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of other individuals in the room, or potential danger.
smell
Taste buds are found on the tongue and ______.
soft palate
Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm?
superior colliculi the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
Mechanoreceptors located in the skin and mucous membranes are called ______ receptors.
tactile
Gustation is the sense of
to taste
The cornea is ______.
transparent
Which are the characteristics of the cornea?
transparent and avascular
Sensory receptors in which structures help monitor and adjust our equilibrium?
utricle semicircular ducts saccule
The vascular tunic of the eye is also called the ______.
uvea
Hearing and our sense of balance comes from the stimulation of which cranial nerve?
vestibulocochlear