KIN 223- Chapter 16 Smartbook

Which are true of rods?

- There are more than 100 million rod cells per eye - They function well in dim light

Order these structures from superficial to deep. Start with the outermost structure first.

1. Sclera 2. Choroid 3. Pigmented layer of retina 4. Neural layer of retina

Place the structures of the vascular tunic in order from anterior to posterior.

1. iris 2. ciliary body 3. choroid

______ occurs when impulses from an organ are perceived as originating from the skin.

Referred pain

Receptors of the human body convert stimulus energy into ______.

an electrical signal

Which cavity of the eyeball is divided into an anterior and posterior chamber?

anterior cavity

When the ___ membrane moves, the ___ on the spiral organ hair cells distort because they are anchored by the tectorial membrane.

basilar; stereocilia

Gustatory cells are found in taste

buds

Receptors initiate sensory input to the ______.

central nervous system

What is the largest structure of the vascular tunic?

choroid

What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes?

choroid

The iris is continuous with the ______.

ciliary body

The auditory sensory axons of the ___ branch of cranial nerve number ___ terminate in the cochlear nucleus within the brainstem.

cochlear; Vlll (8)

What type of photoreceptors detects color?

cones

As we adjust to low light, our ______ becomes nonfunctional and it may take ______ for rhodopsin to become regenerated sufficiently so that you can see well in low-light conditions.

cones; 20-30 minutes

Which are a part of the fibrous tunic?

cornea and sclera

When you go from a bright light environment to a dark environment, you have a slow sensitivity to low light levels. This is called

dark adaptation

Light rays are refracted or bent when they pass through two media of different ______.

densities

Which is an accessory structure of the eye?

eyebrow

The outmost layer of the eye is called the ______ tunic.

fibrous

The term equilibrium refers to our awareness and monitoring of our ___ position

head

The vestibulocochlear nerve transmits ______ information.

hearing and equilibrium

Pain is an example of a ______ sense.

in general

The retina is the ______ layer of the eye wall.

internal

What structure is the dividing line between the anterior and posterior chambers?

iris

Tactile receptors are a type of ______.

mechanoreceptor

Optic tracts ultimately are directed to the primary visual cortex in the ______ lobe.

occipital

The fat surrounding the eye is called ______ fat.

orbital

Olfactory receptors ______.

perceive odors

The external ear is located mostly on the outside of the body, while the middle and inner ear areas are housed within the ___ part of the temporal bone.

petrous

What type of receptor can undergo adaptation?

phasic

If stimulated over a period of time, ________ receptors lose sensitivity over time.

phasic/adapting

The iris controls the size of the ______.

pupil

Most of the eye is ______ the orbit of the skull.

receded into

The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the ______.

receptive field

Some individuals experience pain in their left shoulder during a heart attack. This is an example of ______.

referred pain

The apparent distortion of the spoon in the water glass is due to the phenomenon called

refraction

What structure is the "white" of the eye?

sclera

What structure makes up the posterior 5/6 of the fibrous tunic?

sclera

Which part of the eye is an attachment site for extrinsic eye muscles?

sclera

Receptors for general senses are usually ______.

simple structure

Localization and sensitivity are easily determined in a ______ receptive field.

small

We use the sense of ____ to sample our environment for information about the food we will eat, the presence of other individuals in the room, or potential danger.

smell

Taste buds are found on the tongue and ______.

soft palate

Optic tracts extend to which structures after they leave the optic chiasm?

superior colliculi the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

Mechanoreceptors located in the skin and mucous membranes are called ______ receptors.

tactile

Gustation is the sense of

to taste

The cornea is ______.

transparent

Which are the characteristics of the cornea?

transparent and avascular

Sensory receptors in which structures help monitor and adjust our equilibrium?

utricle semicircular ducts saccule

The vascular tunic of the eye is also called the ______.

uvea

Hearing and our sense of balance comes from the stimulation of which cranial nerve?

vestibulocochlear