Kin 2500 Test 6
What is the best description of the pia mater?
contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord
The gray matter of the spinal cord:
contains neuronal cell bodies. is subdivided into regions called horns is surrounded by white matter.
Which is a function of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve?
controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing
Which of the following responses is a result of sympathetic stimulation?
increased rate and depth of breathing
The senses of pain and temperature are conveyed to the brain by:
lateral spinothalamic tracts.
From which plexus does the femoral nerve arise?
lumbar
In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary auditory area?
temporal lobe
The tectum of the midbrain bears four rounded elevations
that control reflex movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli.
Select the best description of dendrites:
usually short and branched
There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves, consisting of the following groups: _____ pairs of cervical, _____ pairs of thoracic, _____ pairs of lumbar, _____ pairs of sacral, and _____ pair of coccygeal spinal nerves.
31, 8, 12, 5, 5, 1
What is the best description of the subarachnoid space?
between arachnoid mater and pia mater
From which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise?
brachial
Which is a function of the accessory (XI) nerve?
conveys motor impulses to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Which is a function of the olfactory (I) nerve?
conveys nerve impulses related to smell
Select the best description of axon terminals:
fine processes at the ends of an axon
Select the structure(s) served by the median nerve.
flexors of the wrist
The two main routes for sensory information traveling up the spinal cord to the brain are _____ tracts and _____ columns.
spinothalamic, posterior
Which lobe(s) of the cerebellum controls subconscious movement of skeletal muscles?
anterior and posterior
From which plexus does the long thoracic nerve arise?
brachial
Which is a function of the abducens (VI) nerve?
causes movement of eyeball via lateral rectus muscle
In order to flex your fingers, which type of impulse will the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle need to receive?
efferent (motor)
Diverging circuits allow for transmission of nerve impulses from _____ neuron(s) to _____ neuron(s).
one, several
From which plexus does the superior gluteal nerve arise?
sacral
Which structure of the neuron will contain the greatest number of neurotransmitter receptors?
the dendrites
Which of the following contains sensory information ONLY?
posterior (dorsal) root
Damage to a motor neuron would cause which of the following problem(s)? 1. muscle weakness 2. decreased sensation 3. decreased gland output
1 and 3 only
A typical reflex arc involves the following components: 1. sensory neuron 2. motor neuron 3. sensory receptor 4. integrating center 5. effector The correct order is:
3, 1, 4, 2, 5
_____ (or sensory) impulses travel from the _____ to the _____.
Afferent, receptors, central nervous system
White rami are associated only with thoracic spinal nerves and the first two or three lumbar spinal nerves. Gray rami are associated with all 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Both statements are true.
_____ (or motor) impulses travel from the _____ to the _____ (muscles or glands).
Efferent, central nervous system, effectors
Autonomic plexuses in the thorax, abdomen and pelvis may contain
Entry field with correct answer sympathetic ganglia. axons of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons. axons of autonomic sensory neurons.
Which of the following statements is TRUE for the autonomic nervous system?
Sensory signals are usually consciously perceived. The effect of motor neurons is always excitatory. Autonomic motor neurons only secrete Acetylcholine (ACh). ANS: None of these choices
A synapse is a functional junction between:
a neuron and a muscle cell. two neurons. a neuron and a glandular cell.
Select the muscle(s) served by the obturator nerve.
adductor muscles of thigh
Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels is a(n) _____ response.
adrenergic
Accidentally stepping on a nail with the sole of your foot causes you quite a bit of discomfort. Which type of pathway is involved in relaying information about the nail to the central nervous system?
afferent (sensory)
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the sciatic nerve? It:
arises from the lumbar plexus
Which neuroglia would be most responsible for helping to prevent pathogens and toxins from entering the brain from the blood?
astrocytes
Which of the following contain cell bodies of interneurons?
posterior (dorsal) gray horns
Which is a function of the facial (VII) nerve?
conveys impulses from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
In what part of the brain would you find the arbor vitae?
cerebellum
From which plexus does the phrenic nerve arise?
cervical
The main plexuses formed by the anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves are:
cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral
The corpus callosum allows information to travel between cerebral hemispheres. Therefore the corpus callosum contains _____ tracts.
commissural
The white matter of the spinal cord:
contains ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts.
Which is a function of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?
conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium
Which is a function of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve?
conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue
Loss of taste in the anterior region of the tongue may be an indication of damage to which cranial nerve?
facial VII
Select the structure(s) served by the axillary nerve.
deltoid muscle
Select the structure(s) served by the phrenic nerve.
diaphragm
Somatic motor neurons synapse with which of the following?
directly with skeletal muscle cells
Which division of the autonomic nervous system is the specialized network of nerves and ganglia forming a complex, integrated neuronal network within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gallbladder ?
enteric
Which of the following is NOT an extension of the dura mater?
epidural space
Select the muscle(s) served by the femoral nerve.
extensor muscles of knee
In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the motor speech area (Broca's area)?
frontal lobe
In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary motor area?
frontal lobe
The peripheral nervous system includes:
ganglia cranial nerves and their branches spinal nerves and their branches
A _____ refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, outside of the brain and spinal cord.
ganglion
Select the muscle(s) served by the tibial nerve.
gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
Select the muscle(s) served by the inferior gluteal nerve.
gluteus maximus
The central canal of the spinal cord is located in the center of the:
gray commissure.
The _____ is the major control and integration center of the autonomic nervous system.
hypothalamus
Motor impulses that help maintain muscle tone and posture are conveyed from the brain through the spinal cord by the:
indirect pathways.
The postcentral gyrus is in the _____ lobe of the cortex; it contains the primary _____ area.
parietal, somatosensory
In what part of the brain would you find the hippocampus?
limbic system
A midsagittal section of the brain would pass through which of the following?
longitudinal fissure corpus callosum falx cerebri
The regions of the brain stem involved in the control of respiration are the
medulla and pons.
In what part of the brain would you find the oval shaped swellings called olives?
medulla oblongata
Which cell functions as a phagocyte with in the brain?
microglia
In what part of the brain would you find the cerebral peduncles?
midbrain
This system of nerves make possible the normal motility and secretory functions of the gastrointestinal tract. What is it called?
myenteric plexus
About half of the volume of the CNS is made up of cells other than neurons. These cells are called_________?
neuroglia
Gaps in the myelin sheath are called the:
nodes of Ranvier
In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary visual area?
occipital lobe
The myelin sheath of central nervous system neurons is produced by:
oligodendrocytes
Which of the following is NOT a correct description of the location of the brachial plexus?
on the neck alongside the first four cervical vertebrae
The _____ division of the autonomic nervous system is mostly responsible for regulating restorative, energy-conserving body activities.
parasympathetic
The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier
protects the neurons of the brain and spinal cord from potentially harmful substances in the blood.
Which of the following would be a somatic nervous system effector?
skeletal muscle
In the figure shown, what is/are the effector(s) of the somatic motor neurons?
skeletal muscles
The Reticular Activating System receives input from ALL of the following types of stimuli except
smell
Which of the following convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to skeletal muscles only?
somatic motor neurons
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is divided into which three functional components?
somatic, autonomic and enteric nervous systems
Cerebrospinal fluid is found between two layers of the meninges, in a space called the _____.
subarachnoid space
Autonomic innervation (stimulation) from the _____ division results in vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the dermis of the skin.
sympathetic
The autonomic nervous system consists of two divisions, ________ and ____________?
sympathetic and parasympathetic
Spinal nerves T2-T12 differ from all other spinal nerves in that:
the anterior (ventral) rami do not contribute to a plexus.
The conus medullaris is:
the tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement.
Select the muscle(s) served by the common fibular nerve.
tibialis anterior and fibularis (peroneal) muscles
Select the structure(s) served by the radial nerve.
triceps brachii