Kin 2500 Test 6

What is the best description of the pia mater?

contains blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the spinal cord

The gray matter of the spinal cord:

contains neuronal cell bodies. is subdivided into regions called horns is surrounded by white matter.

Which is a function of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve?

controls movement of the tongue during speech and swallowing

Which of the following responses is a result of sympathetic stimulation?

increased rate and depth of breathing

The senses of pain and temperature are conveyed to the brain by:

lateral spinothalamic tracts.

From which plexus does the femoral nerve arise?

lumbar

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary auditory area?

temporal lobe

The tectum of the midbrain bears four rounded elevations

that control reflex movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli.

Select the best description of dendrites:

usually short and branched

There are _____ pairs of spinal nerves, consisting of the following groups: _____ pairs of cervical, _____ pairs of thoracic, _____ pairs of lumbar, _____ pairs of sacral, and _____ pair of coccygeal spinal nerves.

31, 8, 12, 5, 5, 1

What is the best description of the subarachnoid space?

between arachnoid mater and pia mater

From which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise?

brachial

Which is a function of the accessory (XI) nerve?

conveys motor impulses to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

Which is a function of the olfactory (I) nerve?

conveys nerve impulses related to smell

Select the best description of axon terminals:

fine processes at the ends of an axon

Select the structure(s) served by the median nerve.

flexors of the wrist

The two main routes for sensory information traveling up the spinal cord to the brain are _____ tracts and _____ columns.

spinothalamic, posterior

Which lobe(s) of the cerebellum controls subconscious movement of skeletal muscles?

anterior and posterior

From which plexus does the long thoracic nerve arise?

brachial

Which is a function of the abducens (VI) nerve?

causes movement of eyeball via lateral rectus muscle

In order to flex your fingers, which type of impulse will the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle need to receive?

efferent (motor)

Diverging circuits allow for transmission of nerve impulses from _____ neuron(s) to _____ neuron(s).

one, several

From which plexus does the superior gluteal nerve arise?

sacral

Which structure of the neuron will contain the greatest number of neurotransmitter receptors?

the dendrites

Which of the following contains sensory information ONLY?

posterior (dorsal) root

Damage to a motor neuron would cause which of the following problem(s)? 1. muscle weakness 2. decreased sensation 3. decreased gland output

1 and 3 only

A typical reflex arc involves the following components: 1. sensory neuron 2. motor neuron 3. sensory receptor 4. integrating center 5. effector The correct order is:

3, 1, 4, 2, 5

_____ (or sensory) impulses travel from the _____ to the _____.

Afferent, receptors, central nervous system

White rami are associated only with thoracic spinal nerves and the first two or three lumbar spinal nerves. Gray rami are associated with all 31 pairs of spinal nerves.

Both statements are true.

_____ (or motor) impulses travel from the _____ to the _____ (muscles or glands).

Efferent, central nervous system, effectors

Autonomic plexuses in the thorax, abdomen and pelvis may contain

Entry field with correct answer sympathetic ganglia. axons of sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons. axons of autonomic sensory neurons.

Which of the following statements is TRUE for the autonomic nervous system?

Sensory signals are usually consciously perceived. The effect of motor neurons is always excitatory. Autonomic motor neurons only secrete Acetylcholine (ACh). ANS: None of these choices

A synapse is a functional junction between:

a neuron and a muscle cell. two neurons. a neuron and a glandular cell.

Select the muscle(s) served by the obturator nerve.

adductor muscles of thigh

Vasoconstriction of peripheral blood vessels is a(n) _____ response.

adrenergic

Accidentally stepping on a nail with the sole of your foot causes you quite a bit of discomfort. Which type of pathway is involved in relaying information about the nail to the central nervous system?

afferent (sensory)

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the sciatic nerve? It:

arises from the lumbar plexus

Which neuroglia would be most responsible for helping to prevent pathogens and toxins from entering the brain from the blood?

astrocytes

Which of the following contain cell bodies of interneurons?

posterior (dorsal) gray horns

Which is a function of the facial (VII) nerve?

conveys impulses from the taste buds on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

In what part of the brain would you find the arbor vitae?

cerebellum

From which plexus does the phrenic nerve arise?

cervical

The main plexuses formed by the anterior (ventral) rami of spinal nerves are:

cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral

The corpus callosum allows information to travel between cerebral hemispheres. Therefore the corpus callosum contains _____ tracts.

commissural

The white matter of the spinal cord:

contains ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts.

Which is a function of the vestibulocochlear (VIII) nerve?

conveys impulses associated with hearing and equilibrium

Which is a function of the glossopharyngeal (IX) nerve?

conveys impulses from taste buds on the posterior one-third of the tongue

Loss of taste in the anterior region of the tongue may be an indication of damage to which cranial nerve?

facial VII

Select the structure(s) served by the axillary nerve.

deltoid muscle

Select the structure(s) served by the phrenic nerve.

diaphragm

Somatic motor neurons synapse with which of the following?

directly with skeletal muscle cells

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is the specialized network of nerves and ganglia forming a complex, integrated neuronal network within the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and gallbladder ?

enteric

Which of the following is NOT an extension of the dura mater?

epidural space

Select the muscle(s) served by the femoral nerve.

extensor muscles of knee

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the motor speech area (Broca's area)?

frontal lobe

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary motor area?

frontal lobe

The peripheral nervous system includes:

ganglia cranial nerves and their branches spinal nerves and their branches

A _____ refers to a small mass of nervous tissue, consisting primarily of neuron cell bodies, outside of the brain and spinal cord.

ganglion

Select the muscle(s) served by the tibial nerve.

gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

Select the muscle(s) served by the inferior gluteal nerve.

gluteus maximus

The central canal of the spinal cord is located in the center of the:

gray commissure.

The _____ is the major control and integration center of the autonomic nervous system.

hypothalamus

Motor impulses that help maintain muscle tone and posture are conveyed from the brain through the spinal cord by the:

indirect pathways.

The postcentral gyrus is in the _____ lobe of the cortex; it contains the primary _____ area.

parietal, somatosensory

In what part of the brain would you find the hippocampus?

limbic system

A midsagittal section of the brain would pass through which of the following?

longitudinal fissure corpus callosum falx cerebri

The regions of the brain stem involved in the control of respiration are the

medulla and pons.

In what part of the brain would you find the oval shaped swellings called olives?

medulla oblongata

Which cell functions as a phagocyte with in the brain?

microglia

In what part of the brain would you find the cerebral peduncles?

midbrain

This system of nerves make possible the normal motility and secretory functions of the gastrointestinal tract. What is it called?

myenteric plexus

About half of the volume of the CNS is made up of cells other than neurons. These cells are called_________?

neuroglia

Gaps in the myelin sheath are called the:

nodes of Ranvier

In what lobe of the cerebrum would you find the primary visual area?

occipital lobe

The myelin sheath of central nervous system neurons is produced by:

oligodendrocytes

Which of the following is NOT a correct description of the location of the brachial plexus?

on the neck alongside the first four cervical vertebrae

The _____ division of the autonomic nervous system is mostly responsible for regulating restorative, energy-conserving body activities.

parasympathetic

The blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier

protects the neurons of the brain and spinal cord from potentially harmful substances in the blood.

Which of the following would be a somatic nervous system effector?

skeletal muscle

In the figure shown, what is/are the effector(s) of the somatic motor neurons?

skeletal muscles

The Reticular Activating System receives input from ALL of the following types of stimuli except

smell

Which of the following convey information from the central nervous system (CNS) to skeletal muscles only?

somatic motor neurons

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is divided into which three functional components?

somatic, autonomic and enteric nervous systems

Cerebrospinal fluid is found between two layers of the meninges, in a space called the _____.

subarachnoid space

Autonomic innervation (stimulation) from the _____ division results in vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the dermis of the skin.

sympathetic

The autonomic nervous system consists of two divisions, ________ and ____________?

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Spinal nerves T2-T12 differ from all other spinal nerves in that:

the anterior (ventral) rami do not contribute to a plexus.

The conus medullaris is:

the tapering end of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement.

Select the muscle(s) served by the common fibular nerve.

tibialis anterior and fibularis (peroneal) muscles

Select the structure(s) served by the radial nerve.

triceps brachii