KIN 2500 Thompson Exam 3- Lower

Which bone does the patella articulate with?

only with femur, not tibia

apex of patella

point at the distal end

ischium

posterior part of the pelvic bone; what you sit on=ischial tuberosity

Where the pelvic bones connect anteriorly?

pubic symphysis

ischial tuberosity

receives the weight of the body when sitting

calcaneus

underneath the talus, heel bone

Do male or female pelves have a greater pubic arch?

female, greater than 90 degrees

the patella only articulates with the _____

femur

distal tibiofibular joint

fibrous syndesmosis; high ankle sprains occur here; distal articulation of tibia and fibula

prepatellar bursa

fluid-filled sac between the skin and the patella; allows you to grab the skin on the knee

hallux

great toe

How do we know we are looking at the lateral view of the pelvic bone?

if we can see the deep cavity of the acetabulum

Ligaments of the hip joint

iliofemoral, pubofemoral, ischiofemoral

pubis

inferior and anterior part of the hip bone; meets at pubic symphysis

What are the tibia and fibula connected by?

interosseous membrane

intercondylar eminence

irregular projection located between the two condyles; for ACL and PCL

medial malleolus

large projection at the bottom of the tibia

lateral malleolus

large projection on the bottom of fibula; important in ankle structures

greater trochanter of femur

lateral and more superior; muscle attachment

tibia

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg; weight bearing

ilium

the most superior part of the hip bone

What makes up the talocrural Joint?

tibia, fibula, talus: "U" shape where the malleolus come down called crural and the talus fits in there

knee joint

tibiofemoral joint; proximal; hinge joint

Which way does femoral head always face?

toward midline of body

pelvic brim

upper edge of true pelvis encloses pelvic inlet; important landmark

gluteal tuberosity

important for attachment of gluteus muscles; posterior side of femur

anterior border

shin

patellar surface

smooth area where patella rests to form knee cap

How to number the metatarsals?

start numbering at great toe (medially) 1-5

false pelvis

superior to true pelvis

ankle joint

talocrural joint

transverse arch of foot

*This arch of the foot is made up of cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of metatarsals *peroneus longus and tibialis posterior help maintain the arch

patellar tendon

continuation of quadriceps tendon

What is the pelvic girdle made of?

2 pelvic bones that surround the saccrum

cuneiforms

3 medial tarsal bones between navicular, metatarsals and cuboid that articulate with metatarsals 1-3

cuboid articulates with

4th and 5th metatarsal

How many tarsal bones are there?

7

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

A ligament in the knee that attaches to the anterior aspect of the tibial plateau. restricting anterior movement of the tibia on the femur

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

A ligament in the knee that attaches to the posterior aspect of the tibial plateau, restricting posterior movement of the tibia on the femur

posterior talofibular ligament

A ligament that connects the posterior part of the talus to the fibula

Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS)

Posterior projection of the iliac crest and serves as an attachment for the posterior sacroiliac ligaments

mnemonic for tarsals

Tall (Talus) Centers (Calcaneus) Never (Navicular) Take (Third Cuneiform) Shots (Second cuneiform) From (First cuneiform) Corners (Cuboid).

fibula

The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg; non-weight bearing *does not articulate with femur

posterior inferior iliac spine (PIIS)

a bony projection located inferior to the posterior superior iliac spine

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

a flat longitudinal band found on the medial side of the knee joint

subtalar joint

a joint in the ankle found between the talus and calcaneus

anterior talofibular ligament

a ligament of the ankle that connects the fibula to the talus. this ligament is oft times subject to sprain.

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

a ligament that attaches to the femur and the fibula; maintains stability of the lateral aspect of the knee joint

suprapatellar bursa

above the patella

What is the hip joint called?

acetabulofemoral joint: acetabulum of pelvic bone and femoral head

longitudinal arch of foot

acts to absorb shock of impact when foot strikes ground during walking or running. flattens on impact, elastic rebound helps propel foot off ground for next step

greater sciatic notch

allows blood vessels and the large sciatic nerve to pass from the pelvis posteriorly into the thigh

calcaneofibular ligament

an ankle ligament that connects the fibula to the calcaneus

anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

anterior and inferior

anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

anterior and superior

auricular surface

articulates with the sacrum to form the sacroiliac joint

What type of joint is the hip joint?

ball and socket; flexion and extensions, abduction and adduction, internal and external rotation

navicular

boat shape tarsal on the medial side

base of patella

broad, flat surface at the proximal end

acetabulum

cavity that accommodates the femoral head; all parts of the pelvic bone fuse together at this point by the age of 25

cuboid

cube shaped tarsal at lateral side of foot

true pelvis

entirely contained in the pelvic bone and protected by the saccrum

zona orbicularis

ligament that orbits the neck of the femur

lesser trochanter of femur

more medial and inferior

The shoulder joint is more ____ but less ____ than the hip joint.

more mobile ; less stable

fibular notch of tibia

on distal end of fibula that accommodates to hold the fibula close to the tibia

patellofemoral joint

patella and femur

fovea capitis

pit in the head of a femur

Infrapateller fat pad

prevents patella from touching tibia; allows you to kneel

The phalanges have a ____, ____, and ____ part.

proximal, middle, and distal; except for great toe has 2

intertrochanteric crest

region formed posteriorly between the greater and lesser trochanters for muscle and ligament attachment

linea aspera

ridge on posterior of the femur; muscle attachment site for quads

acetabular labrum

rim of fibrocartilage that surrounds the acetabulum and deepens the cavity

meniscus

rim of fibrocartilage, that is specific to the knee, that helps deepen the joint and provide stability

condyle

rounded joint surface with smaller epicondyles on the surface

Where does the pelvic girdle attach?

sacroiliac joint

deltoid ligaments

series of ligaments between the talus and calcaneus, very strong and supportive on medial side