KIN 300 Final

Articular cartilage is located on the surfaes of both the femur and tibia.

True

As the knee approaches full extension the tibia must externally rotate approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of the tibial and femoral condyles

True

Muscles may shorten or lengthen in the absence of a contraction through passive movement caused by other contracting muscles.

True

Reduction of the spine is defined as a return movement from lateral flexion to a neutral position.

True

Spinal flexion is defined as anterior movement of the spine where the head moves toward chest and the thorax moves toward pelvis.

True

Tears in menisci can occur due both compression and shear forces during rotation while flexing or extending during quick directional changes in running.

True

The erector spinae iliocostalis are considered to be agonist muscles during extension of the spine

True

The fibula is not part of the ginglymus articulation of the knee joint.

True

The gastrocnemius and soleus are strengthened in the lowering phase of the squat due to their eccentric contractions.

True

The knee joint can extend to 180 degrees normally although some individuals can extend slightly further.

True

The location of the erector spinae muscles enables them to extend spine and assist in rotation and lateral flexion.

True

The medial collateral ligament originates on the medial aspect of upper medial femoral condyle and inserts on medial tibial surface

True

The normal curves of the cervical and lumbar spines are lordotic.

True

The patella serves as a pulley by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension.

True

The vertebral column is composed of 24 articulating vertebrae

True

Which of the following is not true regarding strength and endurance being essential for maintenance of patellofemoral stability? -often a problem -quads are particularly prone to atrophy when injuries occur -may be developed by resisted knee extension activities from a seated position -functional weight bearing activities such as step-ups or squats are particularly useful for strengthening & endurance

-not often a problem

Each thoracic vertebrae has one pair of ribs that attaches to it laterally.

True

Eccentric actions occur when muscles lengthen under tension to contrl the joints moving with gravity or a resistance

True

Functions of the abdominal muscles include assisting in spinal stabilization and respiration.

True

Many types of back pain and other physical ailments can be aoided through proper maintenance of the musculoskeletal system

True

The knee joint is the largest joint in the body.

True

The semimembranosus is located posteromedially and internally rotates the knee.

True

Vertebrae increase in size from the cervical to the lumbar region because the lower back supports more weight.

True

When using free weights for strength training it is important to ensure that one group of muscles is not overdeveloped and another is underdeveloped.

True

The spinal goes thru which cavity?

Vertebral foramen

The abdominal curl-up strengthens the abdominal muscles through ___.

eccentric contractions

The dead lift strengthens the knee extensors through ____.

eccentric contractions during the lowering phase

Which of the following is correct regarding menisci in the knee joint?

forms cushion between bones, attached to the tibia, deepen tibial fossa, enhance stability

The tibial division of the sciatic nerve innervates all of the following muscles

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long head) & adductor magnus

Which of the following statements is true regarding the action of the quadriceps muscle group during squatting?

when the descent is at the same speed as gravity no muscular control is exerted

Sideward deviation of the spine is known as

scoliosis

How many ribs and what are they

12 pairs of ribs, 2 pairs are floating. 7 attached, 5 false ribs,

Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of shoulder flexion when performing "alternating prone extension" exercise? a. deltoid b. triceps brachii c. coracobrachialis d. biceps brachii

B

Which of the following muscles externally rotates the knee?

Biceps Femoris

During the arm pull/leg push phase of rowing exercise the knee joint performs flexion.

False

During the return phase of rowing exercise the wrist and hand joints perform extension.

False

It is not necessary to analyze each individual's exercise and skill technique in order to specifically design an exercise program to meet his/her needs.

False

Most of the movement that occurs in the spinal column occurs in the cervical and thoracic regions of the spine.

False

Muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility are general body characteristics that are not specific to each body area and muscle group.

False

The hamstring muscles function as a decelerator of the knee when decreasing speed to change direction and especially when landing from a jump.

False

The posterior portion of the trunk contains the abdominal muscles.

False

The spinous processes are located anterior with respect to the vertebral bodies.

False

When performing a "squat" exercise the hip is extended during the lowering phase.

False

The vertebral column has 32 pairs of spinal nerves.

False, 31

The Q angle is usually ____ or less for males and ___ or less for females.

15,20

Cervival region can flex and extend up to

45 degees

How many fused vertebrae and articulations?

9, 24

Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by sit-ups? A. quadratus lumborum B. rectus abdominis C. sternocleidomastoids D. internal and external abdominal obliques

A)

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the diaphragm muscle? a. responsible for breathing during quiet rest b. as it contracts and flattens air is inspired c. when larger amounts of air are needed other thoracic muscles have a more significant contribution to inspiration d. all of the above choices are correct

D

Which of the following is not true with respect to the synovial cavity? a. Supplies knee with synovial fluid b. Provides the knee with stability c. Lies under patella and between surfaces of tibia & femur d. Considered to be the "capsule of the knee"

B

Which of the following muscles actions is performed during the lowering phase of "hip sled" exercise? a) plantar flexion b) dorsiflexion c) extension d) abduction

B

Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the abdominal muscles? a. some sections of these muscles are linked by fascia and tendinous bands b. these muscles do not attach completely from bone to bone c. both of the above choices are correct d. none of the above choices are correct

B

Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by abdominal curl-ups without rotation to the right and left?

Erector Spinae

Sit-ups are an excellent exercise for strengthening the erector spinae muscles.

False

The abdominal curl-up does not strengthen the internal and external oblique abdominals unless trunk rotation is included.

False

The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located on the outermost anterior and posterior surfaces of the knee joint.

False

The pes anserinus tendinous expansion is comprised from the ______.

Gracilis, sartorius, semitendinous

Of the four abdominal muscles which is a prime mover in lateral pelvic rotation from a hanging overhead by the hands position?

Internal Oblique?

Most of the rotation within the cervical region occurs in the joint between ____.

C1 and C2

Most mobility occurs between which vertabrae?

C1-C2

During the lowering phase of a "dead lift" exercise the agonist muscles of the knee include all of the following except? Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis

Semimembranosus

Compared to an untrained person, a well-trained person will see relatively minor improvements in the amount of weight that can be lifted over the same period of time.

True

Concentric muscle actions are the shortening contraction of muscles against gravity or a resistance.

True

The "SAID principle" indicates that strength gains beyond the range of motion utilized in the training are usually minimal.

True

The "SAID principle" is applicable in every form of muscle training as well as to the systems of body.

True

The iliotibial tract of the tensor fasciae latae inserts on Gerdy's condyle.

True

The lateral fibula serves as the attachment for knee joint structures but does not articulate with the femur or patella.

True

The specific needs of each individual must be specifically addressed when designing an exercise program.

True

The tibia bears the majority of the weight as compared to the fibula.

True

The squat and dead lift are similar in that they both strengthen the ____.

hip extensors

All of the following are open chain exercises except for..

squat

Which of the following is considered important in skillful performance of physical activity and body maintenance from a kines perspective?

strength, endurance, flexibility, of the lower extremity, trunk, and abdominal muscles

Which if the following muscles contract concentrically to cause extension of the head, right cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion?

Right splenius capitus

Which if the following muscles contract concentrically to cause cervical flexion, left cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion?

Right sternocleidomastoid

The rectus femoris is more powerful in extending the knee when the hip is in _____.

extension

The movement that occurs between the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebral facet joints is characterized as ____.

gliding

The external oblique abdominal inserts on the _____.

half of ilium, crest of pubis, fascia of rectus abdominis

From medial to lateral the erector spinae muscles are the ___.

ilicostalis, longissimus, spinalis

All three of the vasti muscles of quadriceps originate on.._____ and insert on patella superior pole.

proximal femur

Erector Spinae aka

sacrospinalis (larges muscle in the back)

The only muscle that flexes the neck is..

sternocleidomastoid

The horizontal indentations that transect the rectus abdominis, giving it a segmented appearance is the linea alba.

False, tendinous inscriptions

The ____ process can be palpated on the posterior surface of the spine when it is flexed:

Spinous

The trunk is composed of the _______.

Thoracic spine, rib cage, and pelvic girdle

The primary movers in cervical spine extension (against resistance) are the:

Trapezius

The only uniarticular knee flexor is the ___.

popliteus

During the arm pull/leg push phase of towing exercise the shoulder joint performs extension.

True

During the return phase rowing exercise the hip joint performs flexion

True

Increased pressure on the spinal nerves may result from a herniated lumbar disc and result in radiating pain, tingling, numbness, and weakness in the lower extremity.

True

In the alternating prone extension exercise the hip extensors contract ________. a) concentrically during the lifting phase b) concentrically during the lowering phase c) eccentrically during the lifting phase d) isometrically during the lifting phase

A

Which of the following is correct regarding the patellofemoral joint? a. Classified as an arthrodial type joint b. Hinge nature of patella on femoral condyles c. This joint lacks ligaments d. The joint is not commonly injured

A

Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of trunk extension when performing "alternating prone extension" exercise? a. gluteus maximus b. erector spinae c. splenius d. quadratus lumborum

A

Which of the following is true regarding the medial collateral ligament? a. Maintains medial stability by resisting valgus forces or preventing knee from being abducted b. Maintains medial stability by resisting varus forces or preventing knee from being abducted c. Maintains medial stability by resisting valgus forces or preventing knee from being adducted d. Maintains medial stability by resisting valgus forces or preventing knee from being flexed

A

Which of the following muscles is not activated during an isometric abdominal exercise? a) serratus anterior b) rectus abdominis c) external oblique d) tranverse abdominis

A

The "alternating prone extension" exercise can be broken down to two seperate phases.

True

The abdominal curl-up strengthens the hip flexors.

True

The biceps femoris inserts primarily on the head of the fibula.

True

The linea alba runs vertically from the xiphoid process through the umbilicus to the pubis and divides the rectus abdominis

True

The rectus abdominis muscle can control the tilt of the pelvis when contracting.

True

The rowing exercise is a closed kinetic chain exercise.

True

The sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus all insert just below the medial condyle on upper anteromedial tibial surface.

True

During the lifting phase of a "dead lift" exercise the agonist muscles of the hip include all of the following except? Gluteus maximus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris

Vastus medialis

Whats on the outside of intervertebal discs and whats inside

annulus fibrosis, nuclea pulposus

Which of the following statements is correct regarding trunk movement at the lumbar spine? a. flexes approximately 60 degrees b. extends 20 to 30 degrees c. both of the above choices are correct d. none of the above choices are correct

B)

Which of the following is not true regarding the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis? a. All attach to the patella then to tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon b. All are superficial and palpable except vastus medialis c. Power may be measured by the vertical jump test d. Generally desired to be 25% to 33% stronger than hamstring group

B) intermedius

Which of the following is not true regarding the bursae of the knee? -more than 10 bursae in & around knee -some are connected to synovial cavity -they absorb shock or prevent friction

Bursae are composed of mostly fatty tissue (It is composed of synovial fluid)

In performing lateral flexion against gravity such as in a lateral sit-up, which of the following muscles would be least effective? a)erector spinae b)internal and external abdominal oblique c)quadratus lumborum d)rectus abdominis

C

Which of the following is not a phase of "sit-up" exercise? a. starting phase b. curling phase c. rotating phase d. return phase

C

Which of the following is not true regarding the quadriceps muscle group? a. Consists of 4 separate muscles b. Serve to extend the knee c. Covered by the vastus fascia d. Located in anterior compartment of the thigh

C

Which of the following muscles does not perform hip extension during the lifting phase of a "squat" exercise? a) gluteus maximus b) semimembranosus c) rectus femoris d) biceps femoris

C

The ___ vertebrae serve as a link between the thoracic spine-rib cage and the head.

Cervical

The internal oblique abdominal inserts on the _____.

Costal cartilage 8th, 9th, 10th, and linea alba

Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of hip extension when performing "alternating prone extension" exercise? a. gluteus maximus b. semitendinosus c. biceps femoris d. vastus medialis

D

Which of the following is not considered to be a large abdominal muscle? a. rectus abdominis b. external oblique abdominal c. lateral abdominus d. quadratus lumborum

D

Which of the following is not true regarding the hamstring muscle group? a. Responsible for knee flexion b. Located in posterior compartment of thigh c. Consists of 3 separate muscles d. Provides static stability to the knee joint

D

Which of the following muscles is not activated during the hip flexion portion of an isometric "leg lifter" exercise? a) iliopsoas b) rectus femoris c) pectenius d) gluteus maximus

D

Which of the following is not considered to be one of the quadriceps muscle group? a. Rectus femoris b. Vastus lateralis c. Vastus intermedius d. Vastus medius

D) Medialis

Extreme ___ of the spine would be prevented in part by the spinous processes.

Extension

Which of the following actions is performed during the arm pull/leg push phase of rowing exercise?

Extension

The dead lift is a closed kinetic chain exercise.

False

The quadriceps muscles perform eccentric contractions during accelerating actions.

False

Kyphosis is increased posterior concavity of thoracic curve of the vertebral column.

False, anterior

The quadriceps muscle group functions as a decelerator to knee joint flexion in weight-bearing movements by contracting concentrically to prevent too rapid of a downward movement.

False, eccentrically

The popliteus originates on the medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle.

False, lateral.

The semimembranosus inserts anteromedially on the medial tibial condyle.

False, posterior.

The semitendinosus is located laterally and internally rotates the knee.

False, posteromedially.

The femoral condyles articulate with the fibular condyles during flexion of the knee.

False, tibial.

The diaphragm depresses and draws the central tendon forward during exhalation.

False. During inhalation.

The lateral collateral ligament is more frequently injured than other knee joint ligaments.

False. MCL

An individual will develop adequate muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility through participation in sports activities.

False. Must exercise outside of sports.

The patella is classified as an "irregular" bone because it is embedded in the patellar tendon.

False. Sesamoid

Six pairs of ribs attach directly to the sternum via a separate costal cartilage.

False. Seven.

Which of the following actions is performed during the return phase of rowing exercise?

Flexion

When performing the up portion of the sit-up with rotation to the left, which of the following muscles are utilized the most?

Left internal oblique abdominal and right external oblique abdominal

Which of the following muscles would not be concentrically active when attempting to place the right ear on the right shoulder while lying on the left side?

Left sternocleidomastoid

Increased posterior concavity of the cervical spine is known as _____.

Lordosis

The ____ vertebrae serves as a link between the pelvic girdle and the throacic spine-rib cage.

Lumbar

During the squat the hip flexors are strengthened by ____.

None of the above

A dead lift is divided into how many phases?

2

How many normal curves in the spine

3

How many vertebrae in each section of the spine

7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar

Which of the following muscles would be most effective in performing anterior pelvic rotation?

?

Which of the following muscles actions is performed during the pushing phase of "hip sled" exercise? a) extension b) dorsiflexion c) rotation d) abduction

A

In basketball and soccer injury to the ____ occurs much more commonly to females than males.

ACL

Which of the following muscles internally rotates the knee?

Semitendonosus, Semimembranosus, Popliteus

Nearly all movement of the spinal column takes place within the two supportive structures known as the ____ and ____.

cervical and lumbar

The alternating prone extension strengthens the trunk extensors through ___.

concentric contractions through the lifting phase

The vastus medialis provides a _____ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically.

superomedial

The most common serious knee ligament injury involves the _____.

ACL

Which of the following is not correct regarding the knee joint proper? -Also referred to as the tibiofemoral joint -Classified as a ginglymus joint -Sometimes referred to as trochoginglymus joint due to internal and external rotation occurring when in full extension -Considered by some authorities to be a condyloid type joint

Sometimes referred to as trochoginglymus joint due to internal and external rotation occurring when in full extension

During the lifting phase of a "dead lift" exercise the agonist muscle of the wrist and hand include all of the following except? Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor pollicis longus

Quadratus Lumborum

Key bony landmarks of knee:

Superior & inferior patellar poles, tibial tuberosity, Gerdy's tubercle, medial&lateral femoral condyles, upper anterior medial tibial surface, head of fibula.

The vastus lateralis provides a _____ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically.

Superolateral

Muscles that flex the knee include all of the following except?

tensor fascia latae

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the "bent knee sit-up" exercise?

the strength of the erector spinae muscles are benefited significantly through this exercise