KINE-N220 Ch 6

Phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of

-cardiovascular disease -cancer

Which of the following are reasons people choose a vegetarian lifestyle?

-ethics -health -religion -economics

Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?

-exposure to heat -exposure to acid -agitation

Select all of the functions of protein

-fluid balance -synthesis of enzymes and hormones -blood clotting

A diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because

-foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat -it is likely to be low in dietary fiber and phytochemicals

protein deficiency is rarely as isolated condition and usually accompanies ___

-lack of nutrients -calorie deficiency

Which of the following are functions of protein?

-protein supplies nitrogen in a form we can readily use -protein is necessary for the visual process -protein is necessary for fluid balance

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

-serve as buffers that resist changes in pH -pump ions into and out of cells

The RDA for protein is:

0.8 g/kg of body weight

T or F: most plant proteins are complete proteins

False

Which type of protein-calorie malnutrition leads to severe muscles wasting and a "skin and bones" appearance

Marasmus

Unlike carbohydrates and fat, protein also contains: Multiple choice question

Nitrogen

A protein that contains all essential amino acids is called a

complete protein

Protein synthesis takes place in the

cytoplasm

Kwashiorkor is a disease that develops gradually.

false

Which of the following are the two primary sources of fuel for cells?

fats, carbohydrates

proteins supply the body with about ____ kilocalories per gram

four

Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the ____ code

genetic

It is uncommon for intact proteins to be absorbed from the digestive tract except in

infants

An illness might cause______ protein balance because the person would not be consuming adequate amounts of protein

negative

Proteins are constantly being degraded and synthesized in the body.

true

a ____ is a "total vegetarian" who eats only plant foods and does not use animal products for any other purposes

vegan

Which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein?

-Blood protein concentration decreases -Edema can develop -Immune function is impaired

A number of organs are involved in protein digestion and absorption. Drag the protein digestion or absorption label to its corresponding body organ.

-Liver: the portal vein delivers absorbed amino acids to this organ, where they then go on to enter the bloodstream -Stomach: where pepsin and acid work to digest protein -pancreas: triggered by CCK, this organ releases trypsin for the digestion of proteins -Small intestine: final digestion of amino acid chains to single amino acids occurs in the walls of this organ -Large intestine: very little protein is present in the feces by the time it reaches this part of the large intestine

North Americans are often mistaken about their own protein needs and the role of protein in the body. Click to select each true statement.

-North Americans would benefit from eating more plant sources of protein -Different plant sources of protein can be combined within the same day to provide all of the essential amino acids -Different plant sources of protein can be combined within the same meal to provide all of the essential amino acids

Which of the following elements can be found in amino acids

-Oxygen -Hydrogen -Carbon -Nitrogen

Which foods could a lactovegetarian choose for breakfast?

-calcium-fortified orange juice -yogurt with granola and blueberries -oatmeal with butter and brown sugar

Put the following steps of protein digestion in the correct order, with the earliest step at the top of the list.

1. Partially digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine 2. Partially digested proteins trigger the release of the hormone CCK 3. CCK causes the pancreas to release protein-splitting enzymes 4. Trypsin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller amino acid segments

Put the protein digestion steps in order of their occurrence during the digestive process.

1. Stomach acid denatures protein 2. pepsin unravels polypeptide chains 3. partially digested protein moves from stomach into the small intestine 4. CCK is released from walls of the small intestine 5. CCK travels in the bloodstream to pancreas 6. Trypsin is released from the pancreas 7. Trypsin and other enzymes break partially-digested proteins down into amino acids

Protein synthesis is a multi-step process. Put the steps of protein synthesis in sequential order.

1. The code for DNA needed for synthesis of a specific protein is transferred by mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cell. 2. mRNA travels to the ribosomes where mRNA code is read and translated to produce a specific protein. 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) adds amino acids one at a time according to the mRNA instructions to form a polypeptide chain. 4. Polypeptide chain twist and folds into a three-dimensional structure of the intended protein.

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for total protein intake is

10% to 35% of total kcal.

the body uses 20 different amino acids to function. How many of these amino acids are nonessential?

11

How many pounds equate to 1 kilogram

2.2

Tomas is a 24-year-old male trying to calculate his protein needs. The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that 10% to 35% of calories come from protein. If Tomas follows a 2,300-kcal diet, how many grams of protein per day should he be consuming?

58-201 grams of protein per day

What percentage of the protein North Americans consume comes from animal sources

70%

How many amino acids are considered essential

9

Dietary protein can be either of a high-quality (complete) or lower-quality (incomplete) nature. Drag the food to its appropriate protein quality classification.

Complete: Chicken, Egg, Whey Incomplete: Gelatin, Garbonzo Beans, Rice

It is the role of _____, located in a cell's nucleus, to store the instructions for protein synthesis

DNA

____ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins

Pepsin

What macronutrient provides the highest feeling of satiety?

Protein

T or F: Many diseases stem from errors in the DNA code

True

T or F: Vitamin B-12 is found primarily in animal foods

True

Who has a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and many forms of cancer?

Vegetarians

which of the following occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses

positive protein balance

Nuts and seed are excellent sources of plant______?

protein

____ is a nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions, and can fuel body cells. amino acids join together to form this nutrient

protein

the liver and kidneys must work hard to derive energy from _____ which makes it a costly source of calories

protein