KINE-N220 Ch 6
Phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of
-cardiovascular disease -cancer
Which of the following are reasons people choose a vegetarian lifestyle?
-ethics -health -religion -economics
Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?
-exposure to heat -exposure to acid -agitation
Select all of the functions of protein
-fluid balance -synthesis of enzymes and hormones -blood clotting
A diet rich in animal sources of protein may increase risk for cardiovascular disease because
-foods of animal origin are often high in saturated fat -it is likely to be low in dietary fiber and phytochemicals
protein deficiency is rarely as isolated condition and usually accompanies ___
-lack of nutrients -calorie deficiency
Which of the following are functions of protein?
-protein supplies nitrogen in a form we can readily use -protein is necessary for the visual process -protein is necessary for fluid balance
How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?
-serve as buffers that resist changes in pH -pump ions into and out of cells
The RDA for protein is:
0.8 g/kg of body weight
T or F: most plant proteins are complete proteins
False
Which type of protein-calorie malnutrition leads to severe muscles wasting and a "skin and bones" appearance
Marasmus
Unlike carbohydrates and fat, protein also contains: Multiple choice question
Nitrogen
A protein that contains all essential amino acids is called a
complete protein
Protein synthesis takes place in the
cytoplasm
Kwashiorkor is a disease that develops gradually.
false
Which of the following are the two primary sources of fuel for cells?
fats, carbohydrates
proteins supply the body with about ____ kilocalories per gram
four
Incorrect mRNA production and incorrect polypeptide chain production both result from an error in the ____ code
genetic
It is uncommon for intact proteins to be absorbed from the digestive tract except in
infants
An illness might cause______ protein balance because the person would not be consuming adequate amounts of protein
negative
Proteins are constantly being degraded and synthesized in the body.
true
a ____ is a "total vegetarian" who eats only plant foods and does not use animal products for any other purposes
vegan
Which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein?
-Blood protein concentration decreases -Edema can develop -Immune function is impaired
A number of organs are involved in protein digestion and absorption. Drag the protein digestion or absorption label to its corresponding body organ.
-Liver: the portal vein delivers absorbed amino acids to this organ, where they then go on to enter the bloodstream -Stomach: where pepsin and acid work to digest protein -pancreas: triggered by CCK, this organ releases trypsin for the digestion of proteins -Small intestine: final digestion of amino acid chains to single amino acids occurs in the walls of this organ -Large intestine: very little protein is present in the feces by the time it reaches this part of the large intestine
North Americans are often mistaken about their own protein needs and the role of protein in the body. Click to select each true statement.
-North Americans would benefit from eating more plant sources of protein -Different plant sources of protein can be combined within the same day to provide all of the essential amino acids -Different plant sources of protein can be combined within the same meal to provide all of the essential amino acids
Which of the following elements can be found in amino acids
-Oxygen -Hydrogen -Carbon -Nitrogen
Which foods could a lactovegetarian choose for breakfast?
-calcium-fortified orange juice -yogurt with granola and blueberries -oatmeal with butter and brown sugar
Put the following steps of protein digestion in the correct order, with the earliest step at the top of the list.
1. Partially digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine 2. Partially digested proteins trigger the release of the hormone CCK 3. CCK causes the pancreas to release protein-splitting enzymes 4. Trypsin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller amino acid segments
Put the protein digestion steps in order of their occurrence during the digestive process.
1. Stomach acid denatures protein 2. pepsin unravels polypeptide chains 3. partially digested protein moves from stomach into the small intestine 4. CCK is released from walls of the small intestine 5. CCK travels in the bloodstream to pancreas 6. Trypsin is released from the pancreas 7. Trypsin and other enzymes break partially-digested proteins down into amino acids
Protein synthesis is a multi-step process. Put the steps of protein synthesis in sequential order.
1. The code for DNA needed for synthesis of a specific protein is transferred by mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of the cell. 2. mRNA travels to the ribosomes where mRNA code is read and translated to produce a specific protein. 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) adds amino acids one at a time according to the mRNA instructions to form a polypeptide chain. 4. Polypeptide chain twist and folds into a three-dimensional structure of the intended protein.
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for total protein intake is
10% to 35% of total kcal.
the body uses 20 different amino acids to function. How many of these amino acids are nonessential?
11
How many pounds equate to 1 kilogram
2.2
Tomas is a 24-year-old male trying to calculate his protein needs. The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that 10% to 35% of calories come from protein. If Tomas follows a 2,300-kcal diet, how many grams of protein per day should he be consuming?
58-201 grams of protein per day
What percentage of the protein North Americans consume comes from animal sources
70%
How many amino acids are considered essential
9
Dietary protein can be either of a high-quality (complete) or lower-quality (incomplete) nature. Drag the food to its appropriate protein quality classification.
Complete: Chicken, Egg, Whey Incomplete: Gelatin, Garbonzo Beans, Rice
It is the role of _____, located in a cell's nucleus, to store the instructions for protein synthesis
DNA
____ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins
Pepsin
What macronutrient provides the highest feeling of satiety?
Protein
T or F: Many diseases stem from errors in the DNA code
True
T or F: Vitamin B-12 is found primarily in animal foods
True
Who has a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and many forms of cancer?
Vegetarians
which of the following occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses
positive protein balance
Nuts and seed are excellent sources of plant______?
protein
____ is a nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions, and can fuel body cells. amino acids join together to form this nutrient
protein
the liver and kidneys must work hard to derive energy from _____ which makes it a costly source of calories
protein