KINES 330 Exam 2 Quiz Questions
Defining a specific volleyball skill as a score on a volleyball skill test is an example of: an operational definiton an experimental defintion a constituted definition a dictionary definition
an operational definiton
A qualitative research technique involves interviews of small #s of participants in a group setting. These groups are called: focus groups criterion groups participant observation groups grounded groups
focus groups
A research hypothesis: is directly testable is nearly always the same as the null hypothesis depends on the statistical hypothesis predicts the technique used to analyze the data
is directly testable
In comparison to surveys, interviews tend to be: more structured less structured shorter virtually the same
less structured
The first step in conducting a questionnaire survey is to: select the sample list specific objectives to be achieved construct the questionnaire items write the cover letter
list specific objectives to be achieved
A double-blind experiment is one in which: both experimental and control groups are exposed to identical pretesting and posttesting conditions neither the researcher nor the participants know which participants receive the experimental treatment neither the experimental nor control groups know which participants receive the experimental treatment, but the experimenter knows both experimental and control groups receive the same tests
neither the researcher nor the participants know which participants receive the experimental treatment
A researcher tests the knowledge of 10,000 college-aged students about nutrition, and the scores are transformed into percentiles by grade level. This type of research is a ______ survey study. normative developmental correlational longitudinal multiple-case
normative
Which of the following were limitations of the study (RR2)? homogenous population high retention rate multiple components in intervention 'package' small sample size randomized controlled design
homogenous population multiple components in intervention 'package' small sample size
An important advantage of the qualitative method is that: it is highly efficient because only one observer is needed over a short period of time it is more likely than other methods to lead to new insights about the problem field notes are easier to interpret than are quantitative data interview data are more objective and freer from bias than are other forms of measurement
it is more likely than other methods to lead to new insights about the problem
It can be advantageous to carry out a pilot study prior to the actual research study because: it permits a thorough check of the planned data collection and analysis procedures a pilot study involves more control over the procedures than is generally attained in the actual research project if the pilot study results are positive, further work on the research project will be unnecessary the researcher can use the results of the pilot study in the actual study, thus reducing the number of participants needed
it permits a thorough check of the planned data collection and analysis procedures
PA assessments used in this study (RR3) assessed which components of PA? leisure time active transportation occupational PA housing/caregiving
leisure time
Scaled responses to questionnaire items such as strongly agree, agree, no opinion, and so on are referred to as ________ scale items. multiple likert semantic guesing
likert
a strength of this study (RR2) was the use of an accelerometer to assess activity before an dafter the intervention. This allowed for: objective and continuous measurements of PA a reduction in study cost the ability to quickly measure PA levels no participant training required to assess PA
objective and continuous measurements of PA
A pooled-analysis is different from a meta-analysis because it uses actual patient-level data from other studies: T/F?
true
individuals performing well merely because they are being observed (and not necessarily because of any effect of treatment) are considered to be under the influence of the Hawthorne effect readiness effect novelty effect performance effect
Hawthorne effect
The data utilized by this pooled study came from studies using which epidemiologic design (RR3)? case-control studies cohort studies cross-sectional studies case series
cohort studies
Of the surveys frequently used for measuring physical activity in epidemiological research, the shortest (one to four items) is the: global questionnaire short-recall questionnaire quantitative history questionnaire wellness-ratings questionnaire
global questionnaire
Which of the following statements would appear in the procedures part of the methods section of a research report? participants in the experimental group exercised 3 days/week for 30 min/day for 10 weeks there was no difference found between groups Pearson product moment correlation was used to analyze the relationship between scores on the distant run and scores on the test of maximal oxygen consumption participants scored above the national mean on the dependent variable
participants in the experimental group exercised 3 days/week for 30 min/day for 10 weeks
A limitation of some large epidemiological cohort studies is: the inability to experimentally establish cause and effect the small #s of people as participants insufficient information on diseases insufficient info on diseases insufficient time to collect data
the inability to experimentally establish cause and effect
Which of the following was not a primary finding of this study (RR2)? cancer survivors increased moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA when compared to the control group clinicians utilized the electronic health record feature to gain insight on patients' lifestyles this intervention increases long-term PA adoption and adherence among cancer survivors cancer survivors increased # of daily steps compared to survivors
this intervention increases long-term PA adoption and adherence among cancer survivors
for confidentiality, the researcher should: make certain no unauthorized individuals have access to the research data remove names from data-collection instruments and replace them with a code both are these statements are correct neither of these statements are important
both are these statements are correct
To determine the effects of fatigue from a particular type of exercise, keeping the temperature and humidity constant would be considered what types of variables because they may influence the outcome of the study control variables nulll variables categorical variables operational variables
control variables
in describing participants in the methods section of a research report, which of the following should be included? a. # of participants b. regression analysis c. pertinent descriptive characteristics of participants d. a and c e. a b and c
d. a and c
"to what populations, settings, treatment variables, and measurement variable scan this effect be generalized"? might most appropriately be asked in relation to: criterion validity external validity internal validity construct validity
external validity
Which shows PA increasing the risk of which cancer types (RR3)? (Hazard ratio) brain - 1.06, but range is including 1.0 esophageal adenocarcinoma - 0.58 range not including 1.0 liver - 0.73, range not including 1.0 malignant melanoma - 1.27, range not including 1.0 pancreas - 0.95, range not including 1.0 prostate - 1.05, range not including 1.0
malignant melanoma prostate
A study limitation is an observable phenomenon that enables the researcher to test if the predicted outcomes can be supported: T/F?
False
Which of the following terms is used in connection with intensity of exercise and refers to the ratio of metabolic rate during exercise to the rate while resting? RPE BMI MET EKG
MET
The null hypothesis states that there is no difference among treatments or relationship among variables: T/F?
True
Reading Research 2 is an example of which type of epidemiological study design? a randomized control study a case-control study a cross sectional study an observational study
a randomized control study
in evaluating the methods section of a research report, which is a very important question to keep in mind? did the author clearly state the problem? did the author provide enough information that the study could be repeated? were the statistical data clearly summarized in tables or figures?
did the author provide enough information that the study could be repeated?
Which of the following are most difficult to analyze in a questionnaire study? open-ended items yes/no items likert-type items item ranking
open-ended items
The term that denotes using ideas, writings, or drawings of others as your own is called internal validity external validity content validity plagiarism
plagiarism
Determinants of disease are often called: symptoms syndromes epidemic stressors risk factors
risk factors
the interpretation of data in qualitative research always involves some form of: statistical comparisons sorting and categorizing deductive reasoning external criticism
sorting and categorizing
Prevalence of disease differs from incidence of disease in that prevalence refers to the number of: new cases of a disease, whereas incidence relates to the # who presently have the disease people who presently have a disease, whereas incidence relates to new cases new cases of a disease, whereas incidence relates to the # who die in a certain period of time people who die from a disease in a certain time period of time, whereas incidence relates to new cases
people who presently have a disease, whereas incidence relates to new cases
To help ensure an acceptable return rate in a questionnaire study, the researcher could: a. make liberal use of open-ended questions b. use follow-up letters like emails c. send a completely new and novel survey d. b and c e. a b and c
b. use follow-up letters like emails
a type of study that matches individuals with and without disease on factors such as age, is an example of a: experimental-control study repeated measures study split-pilot study case-control study
case-control study
The type of sport a person participates in would be a: control variable categorical variable extraneous variable experimental variable
categorical variable
additional factors that can obscure the relationship between physical activity and blood cholesterol, such as smoking, body fat, etc. are called: control factors confounding variables cohort factors construct factors
confounding variables
the internal validity of an experimental design is concerned with what question? to what extent can the findings be generalized? did the independent variable really produce a change in the dependent variable? how representative is the setting selected for the experiment? will findings provide info about situations in which variations of the independent variable are present?
did the independent variable really produce a change in the dependent variable?
The researchers computed stratified analyses with regards to BMI and smoking status to test for (RR3): bias effect modification significance heterogeneity
effect modification
in a research study in which the treatment involved intense physical training, 40% of the participants in the treatment group dropped out as compared with 5% of the control group. This threat to internal validity is called: experimental mortality (attrition) statistical regression history selection bias
experimental mortality (attrition)
An important principle regarding human subjects research is the right of informed consent which states that the researcher is obligated to receive approval from a committee that evaluates ethical considerations of the proposed study explain the major features of the study to the participants before the beginning of the study so that they have the opportunity to decline to take part weight the potential worth of the study against any potential harm to the participants before doing the study brief the participants on the results of the study before the article is submitted for publication
explain the major features of the study to the participants before the beginning of the study so that they have the opportunity to decline to take part
the part of the methods section of the research paper that describes the activities of each treatment group is called the: participants controls procedures design and analysis
procedures
A study design uses, for example, two groups of people representing a disease-free population who are then classified as exercisers and nonexercisers. After a period of time, the mortality rates of each group are compared. This design is called a(n): retrospective study experimental study prospective cohort study participant observation study
prospective cohort study
Studies have shown that PA after a cancer diagnosis improves outcomes with regards to mortality, quality of life, and recurrence of some cancers. PA is an example of a: outcome protective factor confounder measure of association
protective factor
A researcher thinks that there will be an inverse relationship between functional movement scores and number of injuries. This is an example of a: limitation research hypothesis null hypothesis basic assumption
research hypothesis
The qualitative researcher typically: studies a small # of participants studies individuals in a lab setting uses multivariate analysis of data employs deductive reasoning in hypothesis development
studies a small # of participants