kinesiology: spine and thorax

your partner is supine and you passively rotate the head 45 degrees away from the side you are palpating. this position places the cervical transverse processes in a line running between which two bony landmarks?

left mastoid process, center of the shaft of the clavicle

passive flexion of the spine would ________________ the iliocostalis

lengthen

passive rotation of the head and neck to the opposite side would _______________ the splenius capitis.

lengthen

passive rotation of the head to the opposite side would __________________ the oblique capitis inferior.

lengthen

passive rotation of the vertebral column to the opposite side would ______________ the internal o.

lengthen

passive rotation of the vertebral column to the same side would _______________ the external o.

lengthen

Which band of connective tissue lies superficial to the cervical spinous processes?

ligamentum nuchae

Drawing the ventral part of the ribs upward would ____ the external intercostals.

shorten

compression of the abdominal contents would ______________ the diaphragm's fibers

shorten

which abdominal muscle runs vertically from the rib cage to the pubic crest?

rectus abdominis

passive extension of the head and neck would _________________ the splenius capitis.

shorten

the splenius capitis is a deep muscle except on the lateral side of the neck where it is superficial between which 2 muscles?

trapezius, SCM

where is the base of the neck?

C-7

what is the primary muscle of respiration?

diaphragm

which 3 bony landmarks can help you to isolate the borders of the quadratus lumborum?

12th rib, posterior iliac crest, TVPs of lumbar vertebrae

To avoid the thick erector spinae muscles overlying the lumbar transverse processes, it is best to slide your fingers roughly how far laterally from the spinous processes?

2"

which rib attaches to the sternum at the level of the sternal angle?

2nd

the 11th and 12th ribs lie at approximately what angle on the body?

45 degrees

Which 2 cervical vertebrae have spinous processes that protrude further posteriorly & are more distinct than the other cervical vertebrae?

C2 and C7

where is the top of the iliac crest

L-4

where is the twelth rib

T-12

where is the superior angle of the scapula

T-2

where is the inferior angle of the scapula

T-7

The angles of the Scapula and the corresponding Spinous Processes do not always line up. Name two factors that might affect the position of the scapula?

body type, muscular contraction

Which section of the vertebral column is capable of the most movement?

cervical

The first rib is deep to which bone along the anterior thorax?

clavicle

what is the structure that extends off the ribs and attaches to the sternum?

costal cartilage

As you palpate medially toward the spine, you may lose contact with the twelfth rib because it is deep to which muscle group?

erector spinae

the thoracic transverse processes are located deep to the _________________ muscles and superficial to the _____________.

erector spinae, ribs

you are palpating lateral to the edge of the rectus abdominis and the fibers you feel are superficial and running at an angle. which muscle is this?

external o.

the ligamentum nuchae spans between which 2 bony landmarks?

external occipital protuberance, spinous process of C-7 in the neck

with you partner seated, what 2 movements at the spine could you ask your partner to perform to feel the movement of the spinous processes?

flex spine, extend spine

To feel the ligamentum nuchae change tension underneath the fingers, what passive movement(s) can be performed at the head?

flexion and extension

which muscles are located between the ribs?

intercostal muscles

As a group, the transversospinalis muscles can be easily located along the _________ of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.

lamina group

Which edge of the quadratus lumborum is accessible from the side of the torso?

lateral

In which 3 directions are the ribs ideally designed to move?

lateral, superior, anterior/posterior

what action could you ask you partner to perform to feel the quadratus lumborum contract?

laterally tilt (elevate) hip toward shoulder

the thoracolumbar aponeurosis serves as an attachment site for which two muscles?

latissimus dorsi, erector spinae group

Rotating the head to the left demands the contraction of which splenius capitis - the left or right?

left

Passive rotation of the spine to the same side would _______ the multifidi.

lengthen

the abdominal aorta is located where in relationship to the psoas major?

medial

when exploring between the scapulae, can you name 2 muscles through which you will have to palpate to access the deeper erector spinae fibers?

middle trapezius, rhomboids

when is it best to move your fingers as you curl them underneath the rib cage to feel the diaphragm?

only during your partners exhalation

name 2 large muscle through which you would have to palpate to access various portions of the intercostals.

pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, or external o.

To contract the lower fibers of the erector spinae group in a prone position, you could ask your partner to perform what action?

raise and lower feet

Rotating your trunk to the right would engage your left or right internal oblique muscle?

right

to distinguish the trapezius fibers from the splenius capitis fibers, you could ask your partner to perform what action?

rotate their head toward the side you'e palpating

Exploring just posterior to the clavicle, through which muscle group must you palpate to access the first rib?

scalene

unlike the long, vertical erector fibers, the branches of the transversospinalis group consist of many __________ fibers.

short, diagonal

increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity would ____________ the diaphragm's fibers.

shorten

passive lateral flexion of the head and neck would _____________ the splenius cervicis.

shorten

passive lateral flexion of the spine to the same side would ______________ the longissimus.

shorten

passive rotation of the head to the same side would ________________ the rectus capitis posterior major.

shorten

passive rotation of the spine to the opposite side would _______________ the rotatores.

shorten

What action could you ask your partner to perform to feel the first rib move?

slow, deep breath

the most medial branch of the erector spinae group is the ___________, while the most lateral is the ____________________

spinalis, iliocostals

What two bony landmarks and one region can be helpful to isolate the location of the suboccipitals?

spinous process of C-2, TVP of c-1, space b/t superior nuchal line of the occiput of C-2

The lamina groove is located between which two bony landmarks of the vertebrae?

spinous process, transverse process

the visible row of bumps running down the center of the back are the ________________.

spinous processes

Many of the cervical transverse processes are deep to which neck muscle?

sternocleidomastoid

the thorax is comprised of which 2 structures?

sternum and rib cage

what superficial ligament can be felt between the spinous processes of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?

supraspinous

when the diaphragm muscle fibers contract, what connective tissue structure is pulled inferiorly?

the central tendon

Although the entire rib cage is deep to muscle tissue, which portion is easily accessed?

the side of the trunk

In the lumbar region, the erectors lie deep to what connective tissue structure?

thoracolumbar aponeurosis