Knee

external flex of knee

45 degrees

Tibiofemoral (modified hinge

Tibia & Femur flexion/extension

external rotation

rotary movement of leg laterally away from midline

internal flex knee

30 degrees

internal rotation

rotary movement of lower leg medially toward midline

knee movements

Extends to 180 degrees (0 degrees of flexion) Hyperextension of 10 degrees or > not uncommon Flexion occurs to about 140 degrees

hamstring muscle

Hamstring muscle group - responsible for knee flexion - located in posterior compartment of thigh - consists of 3 muscles • semitendinosus - medial, internal rotator • semimembranosus - medial, internal rotator • biceps femoris - lateral, external rotator • Popliteus assist medial hamstrings in knee internal rotation - known as the running muscle because its function in acceleration The hamstring muscle group is located in the posterior compartment of the thigh and is responsible for knee flexion. • The hamstrings consist of 3 muscles: the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and the bicep femoris • The semitendinosus and smeimembranosus are assisted by the poplitesus in internally rotating the knee, • Biceps femurs is responsible for knee external rotation.

plicia

Infratellar pad is an insertion point for synovial folds of tissue called pilicia. It is atomical variant among some individuals that may be irritated or inflamed with injuries or overuse of the knee

if you flex the knee you can also

Neither can occur unless the knee is flexed 20-30 degrees or more!

external or internal rotation

Neither will occur unless flexed 20-30 degrees or >

Patellofemoral (planar)

Patella & femur gliding

flexion

bending or decreasing the angle between the femur and the lower leg, characterized by the heel moving forward the butt

The sartorial, gracilis, and semitendinosus join together distally to form a tendentious expansion known as what does it do?

pes anserinus. this attachment and line of pull enable them to assist with knee flexion, and hip is externally rotated medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius attach posteriorly in medial and lateral femoral condyles respectively. This relationship to the knee provides the gastro with a line of pull to assist with knee flexion

anterior pelvic rotation

sagittal

flexion extension plane?

sagittal

extension

straightening or increasing angle between femur & lower leg

external rotation/internal

transverse

quadricep

when the hip is flexed, the rectus femurs becomes shorter, which reduces its effectiveness as an extensor. Work is done by the 3 vast muscles

quadriceps

Quadriceps muscle group - extends knee - located in anterior compartment of thigh - consists of 4 muscles • rectus femoris • vastus lateralis • vastus intermedius • vastus medialis • The muscle group that extends the knee is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh called quadriceps. • It has 4 muscles: the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius • All 4 muscles work together to pull the patella superiorly, which in turns pulls the leg into extension to the knee. • The central line of pull for the entire quadriceps runs anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the center of the patella • The line of pull of the patellar tendon runs from the center of the patella to the center of the tibial tuberosity. • The angle formed by the intersection of these two lines at the patella is known as the Q angle or quad angle • Generally females have a higher Q angle because a wider pelvis • Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius all attatch to the patella and by the patellar tendon to the tuberosity of the tibia. • Vertical jump is a good test to measure quadriceps strength • Muscles may be developed by resisted knee extension activities from a seated position • Step up or squats