Lab 9: Appendicular Skeleton
Where are the tarsal bones located?
ankle
the lateral malleolus of the fibula provides lateral stability to the __________ joint and articulates with ____________ bone of the ankle.
ankle talus
The radial tuberosity is an attachment site for what?
biceps brachii
Caracoid process is an attachment site for what?
biceps brachii muscle brachialis muscle pectoralis minor muscle
The anatomical neck of the humerus is a narrow region that supports the ___________.
head
The interbubecular groove of the humerus is a passageway for what?
tendon of biceps brachii
The head of the fibula articulates with the lateral condyle of ________________ to form the proximal tibiofibular joint
tibia
The head of the femur articulates with the ______________ of the coxal bone.
acetabulum
What bones form the hips?
coxal
What bones form the pelvis?
coxal sacrum
What is the articulating bone FEATURE of the trochlear notch of the ulna?
forms hinge joint at elbow
What is the articulating bone FEATURE of the auricular surface of the coxal bone?
forms sacroiliac joint
What is the articulating bone FEATURE of the glenoid cavity of the scapula?
forms shoulder joint
What is the function of the intercondylar notch?
gap that houses anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
What notch fits around the sciatic nerve as it passes beside the coxae?
greater sciatic notch
What is the articulating bone FEATURE of the condyles of the femur?
hinge joint of knee
The head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the ________________ to form part of the elbow.
humerus
The scapula articulates with _______________ in addition to the clavicle.
humerus
What is the articulating bone of the coronoid process of ulna?
humerus
Glenoid Fossa articulates with the head of ___________ to form the shoulder ( _______________________) joint
humerus glenohumeral
The coxal bone is formed by what 3 fused regions?
ilium ischium pubis
The pelvic outlet is best seen on what view of the pelvis?
inferior
infraspinous fossa is an attachment site for the ____________ muscle
infraspinatus
What notch is a gap that houses the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments?
intercondylar notch
What does the pelvic outlet include?
ischial tuberosities coccyx posteriorly pubis regions anteriorly
What is the thick roughened protrusion that bears weight when sitting?
ischial tuberosity
What is the inferior and posterior part of the coxal bone called?
ischium
what is a passage way for blood vessels and nerves that serve the perineum?
lesser sciatic notch
The clavicle articulates at which end to the sternum and which end with the scapula?
medial lateral
How is the pectoral girdle connected to the axial skeleton?
muscle attachments to ribs, sternum and vertebral column
What is the most frequently fractured part of the femur that is positioned obliquely to the head?
neck
What part of the pubis is closed by the obturator membrane but allows some blood vessels and nerves to pass through?
obturator foramen
What is the proximal row (from lateral to medial) of the carpal bones?
scaphoid lunate triquetral pisiform
The styloid process provides lateral stability for the wrist joint. This process articulates with what bone of the wrist?
scaphoid bone
What are the tarsal bones?
talus calcaneus navicular medial cuneiform intermediate cuneiform lateral cuneiform cuboid
What does the medial malleolus of the tibia articulate with?
talus bone of ankle
What is the articulating bone of the medial malleolus of the tibia?
talus bone of ankle
True or false: The fibula is not a weight bearing bone, but provides attachment site for muscles and stabilizes the ankle joint.
true
True or false: all 3 regions of the coxal bones contribute to the acetabulum.
true
How many phalanges are present on all toes? Which toe is unique?
3 per toe (proximal, medial, distal) 2 on the big toe (hallux) - only proximal and distal
How many phalanges are present on all fingers? Which finger is unique?
3 phalanges per digit (proximal, middle, distal) thumb only has 2 (proximal, distal)
How many metacarpals are present on each hand?
5
How many metatarsals are there on each foot?
5
What is the superior most edge upon which you rest your hands on the hips?
Iliac Crest
Compare and contrast the functions of the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle.
Pectoral girdle - supports shoulder and movement freedom Pelvic girdle - transfers weight of upper body to lower extremities; supports pelvic organs, less freedom of movement, more stable than upper extremities
True or false: The lower extremities express more freedom of movement and less stability than the upper extremities.
The lower extremities express less freedom of movement and more stability than the upper extremities.
Acromion process articulates with ______________ to form ___________ joint
clavicle acromioclavicle
What is the articulating bone of the glenoid cavity of the scapula?
head of humerus
What is the articulating bone FEATURE of the capitulum of the humerus?
head of radius
What is the function of the intertubercular groove?
passageway for tendon of biceps brachii
Another word for knee cap is
patella
How is the upper extremity (arm) attached to the axial skeleton?
pectoral girdle
How is the lower extremity (leg) attached to the axial skeleton?
pelvic girdle
How are the hip bones secured to the sacrum?
posteriorly
The auricular surface articulates with the auricular surface of the ______________ to form the sacroiliac joint.
sacrum
What is the articulating bone of the styloid process of the radius?
scaphoid bone of wrist
What is the articulating bone FEATURE of the coronoid process of ulna?
stabilizes elbow joint anteriorly
What is the function of the olecranon process?
stabilizes elbow joint posteriorly
Clavicle: ______ ________ articulates medially with the sternum ______ ________ articulates laterally with the scapula
sternal end acrominal end
What is the distal row (from lateral to medial) of the carpal bones?
trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate
Where are the carpal bones located?
wrist
The head of the humerus articulates with the ___________ __________ to form the shoulder (glenohumeral) joint.
...glenoid fossa
What is the function of the acromion process?
articulates with clavicle to form acromioclavicule joint
What is the articulating bone of the acetabulum of coxal bone?
articulating socket
What is the function of the supraspinous fossa?
attachment site for supraspinatus muscle
What is the function of the greater trochanter?
attachment site for thigh and buttocks muscles
What joint becomes loose during labor?
auricular surface pubic symphysis
What is the articulating bone of the auricular surface of coxal bone?
auricular surface of sacrum
What does the pectoral girdle consist of?
clavicle scapula
The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus is an attachment site for what muscle?
deltoid
List the differences between the male and female pelvis.
female coxae are laterally flared to widen pelvic inlet (birth canal) to promote childbearing capacity and build male coxae are positioned more vertically and pelvic inlet is narrow, leading to better adaptions to support a heavier build
The medial and lateral condyles of the tibia articulate with the medial and lateral condyles of the __________ to form the knee joint.
femur
the acetabulum is the articular socket that receives the head of the ____________.
femur
What is the function of the pubic symphysis?
fibrocartilaginous articulation between coxal bones joint becomes loose during labor
What is the function of the sciatic notch?
fits around sciatic nerve and acts as a passageway for blood vessels and nerves that serve perinium
what transfers the weight of the upper body to the lower extremities and supports the pelvic organs?
pelvic girdle
What is defined by the inner circular ridge at the level of the sacral promontory?
pelvic inlet
What is the function of the patella?
protect the knee joint and increase leverage of patellar tendon of the quadriceps as it extends the knee joint
What does the medial malleolus do?
provide medial stability to ankle joint
What is the function of the lateral malleolus?
provides lateral stability to ankle joint and articulates with talus bone of ankle
Where is the head of the radius located?
proximal surface
The greater and lesser tubercules of the humerus are sites of muscle attachment. The greater tubercle sits ____________ and ____________ to the lesser tubercle.
proximal; lateral
The greater trochanter of the femur is positioned _________ and ______________ to the lesser trochanter.
proximally laterally
What part of the pubis is a fibrocartilaginous articulation between the two coxal bones and becomes loose during labor?
pubic symphysis
What is the anterior portion of the coxal bone?
pubis
What is the articulating bone of the capitulum of the humerus?
radius
What is the articulating bone FEATURE of the acetabulum of the coxal bone?
receives full head of femur
What is the function of the tibial tuberosity?
serves as attachment site for patellar ligament
The spine provides an attachment site for the muscles of ____________
shoulder
subscapular fossa is an attachment site for the ____________ muscle
subscapularis
The ilium is the ____________ portion of the coxal bone.
superior
supraspinous fossa is an attachment site for the ____________ muscle
supraspinatus
What is the most frequently fractured part of the humerus?
surgical neck
What muscles are attached to teh greater and lesser trochanters of the femur?
thigh and buttock muscles
The latera and medial condyles of the femur articulate with the ____________ head to form the hinge joint of the knee.
tibial
What is the articulating bone of the condyles of femur?
tibial head
What serves as an attachment site for the patellar ligament
tibial tuberosity
What is the articulating bone of the trochlear notch of the ulna?
trochlea of humerus
True or False: The capitulum of the humerus provides a rounded surface for the head of the radius to slide over.
true
True or False: The unique structure of the pectoral girdle allows tremendous freedom of movement of the upper extremity.
true
The coronoid fossa of the humerus fits the coronoid process of what bone?
ulna
The olecranon fossa of the humerus fits the olecranon process of what bone?
ulna
The trochlea of the humerus articulates with the ____________ to form part of the elbow joint.
ulna
The ulnar notch articulates with the __________ head to form the distal radioulnar joint.
ulnar