Lab Assessment 11: Integumentary System

What is the general name of the entire superficial layer of the skin?

Epidermis

The two distinct skin layers are the:

Epidermis and Dermis

(T/F) The greatest concentration of melanin is in the dermis.

False - epidermis

What is the tubelike part that contains the root of hair?

Hair Follicle

What structure contains the network of capillaries that supply the nutrients for cell divisions required for hair growth within the hair bulb?

Hair Papilla

What is the tough protein of nails and hair?

Keratin

Tissue(s) composing the epidermis:

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

What is the portion of the nail body near the cuticle?

Lunula

What is epidermal pigment?

Melanin

What structure responds to elevated body temperature?

Merocrine Sweat Gland

Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system? -Protection -Movement -Excrete small amounts of waste -Aid in regulating body temperature

Movement

What is the gland that secretes an oily mixtures called sebum?

Sebaceous Gland

Fifth Layer of Epidermis:

Stratum Basale

Frequent cell division occurs in the _______ of the epidermis.

Stratum Basale

What is the center of cell division and the deepest layer of the epidermis?

Stratum Basale

First Layer of the Epidermis:

Stratum Corneum

What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?

Stratum Corneum

Third Layer of Epidermis:

Stratum Granulosum

Second Layer of the Epidermis: (only present in thick skin such as palms of hands and soles of feet)

Stratum Lucidum

The _______ layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin.

Stratum Lucidum

Fourth Layer of Epidermis:

Stratum Spinosum

(T/F) Thick skin of the pals and soles contain five strata of the epidermis.

True

Characteristics of Stratum Granulosum:

-3 to 5 layers of flattened granular cells -Contain shrunken fibers of keratin -Shriveled nuclei

Characteristics of Stratum Lucidum:

-Cells appear clear -Nuclei, organelles, and PM no longer visible

Functions of Apocrine sweat glands:

-Ducts open into hair follicles -Become active at puberty -Secretions increase during: stress + pain (viscous secretion) -No thermoregulation function

Functions of Merocrine sweat glands:

-Ducts open to sweat pores on surface of the skin -Secretions increase during: hot days, physical exercise, stress -Mini-Excretory function -Temperature regulation

Structure of the Integumentary System:

-Hair -Nails -Skin -Cutaneous Glands

Characteristics of Stratum Spinosum:

-Many layers of cells -Centrally located, large, oval nuclei -Develop fibers of keratin -Cells become flattened in superficial portion

Characteristics of Stratum Corneum:

-Many layers of dead, keratinized cells -Appear scaly and flattened -Resist water loss, absorption, and abrasion

Location of Merocrine sweat glands:

-Palms of hands -Soles of feet -Forehead

Function of Mammary Gland:

-Produce breast milk -Secrete milk during lactation into ducts that open on a nipple

Functions of the Integumentary System:

-Protection -Body Temperature Regulation -Prevention of Water Loss -Sensory Receptor Location (cutaneous) -Synthesis of Glandular Chemicals -Excretion of small quantities of waste

Function of Ceruminous Gland:

-Secrete cerumen (earwax) -Protective covering of external ear canal

Function of Sebaceous Gland:

-Secrete oily sebum into hair follicle -Keeps skin surface and hair pliable -More active after puberty

Characteristics of Stratum Basale:

-Single row of cuboidal/columnar cells -Layer also include melanocytes -Frequent cell division -Some cells become parts of more superficial layers

What are the two types of sweat glands? What are the two modified sweat glands?

Apocrine + Merocrine (widespread) Ceruminous (external auditory canal) + Mammary (breast)

What structure becomes active after puberty in axillary and groin regions?

Apocrine Sweat Gland

The hypodermis is composed of _____ tissues.

Areolar and Adipose Connective

Tissue(s) composing the dermis:

Areolar connective tissue + Dense irregular connective tissue

What structure causes hair to 'stand on end' and goose bumps to appear?

Arrector Pili Muscle

Location of Sebaceous Gland:

Associated with hair follicle

Location of Apocrine sweat glands:

Axillary + Genital regions

Apocrine sweat glands are located in the _______ regions of the body.

Axillary and Genital

Tissue(s) composing the hypodermis:

Adipose connective tissue + Areolar Connective Tissue

What is the inner layer of the skin?

Dermis