Lab Assessment 11: Integumentary System
What is the general name of the entire superficial layer of the skin?
Epidermis
The two distinct skin layers are the:
Epidermis and Dermis
(T/F) The greatest concentration of melanin is in the dermis.
False - epidermis
What is the tubelike part that contains the root of hair?
Hair Follicle
What structure contains the network of capillaries that supply the nutrients for cell divisions required for hair growth within the hair bulb?
Hair Papilla
What is the tough protein of nails and hair?
Keratin
Tissue(s) composing the epidermis:
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
What is the portion of the nail body near the cuticle?
Lunula
What is epidermal pigment?
Melanin
What structure responds to elevated body temperature?
Merocrine Sweat Gland
Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system? -Protection -Movement -Excrete small amounts of waste -Aid in regulating body temperature
Movement
What is the gland that secretes an oily mixtures called sebum?
Sebaceous Gland
Fifth Layer of Epidermis:
Stratum Basale
Frequent cell division occurs in the _______ of the epidermis.
Stratum Basale
What is the center of cell division and the deepest layer of the epidermis?
Stratum Basale
First Layer of the Epidermis:
Stratum Corneum
What is the outermost layer of the epidermis?
Stratum Corneum
Third Layer of Epidermis:
Stratum Granulosum
Second Layer of the Epidermis: (only present in thick skin such as palms of hands and soles of feet)
Stratum Lucidum
The _______ layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin.
Stratum Lucidum
Fourth Layer of Epidermis:
Stratum Spinosum
(T/F) Thick skin of the pals and soles contain five strata of the epidermis.
True
Characteristics of Stratum Granulosum:
-3 to 5 layers of flattened granular cells -Contain shrunken fibers of keratin -Shriveled nuclei
Characteristics of Stratum Lucidum:
-Cells appear clear -Nuclei, organelles, and PM no longer visible
Functions of Apocrine sweat glands:
-Ducts open into hair follicles -Become active at puberty -Secretions increase during: stress + pain (viscous secretion) -No thermoregulation function
Functions of Merocrine sweat glands:
-Ducts open to sweat pores on surface of the skin -Secretions increase during: hot days, physical exercise, stress -Mini-Excretory function -Temperature regulation
Structure of the Integumentary System:
-Hair -Nails -Skin -Cutaneous Glands
Characteristics of Stratum Spinosum:
-Many layers of cells -Centrally located, large, oval nuclei -Develop fibers of keratin -Cells become flattened in superficial portion
Characteristics of Stratum Corneum:
-Many layers of dead, keratinized cells -Appear scaly and flattened -Resist water loss, absorption, and abrasion
Location of Merocrine sweat glands:
-Palms of hands -Soles of feet -Forehead
Function of Mammary Gland:
-Produce breast milk -Secrete milk during lactation into ducts that open on a nipple
Functions of the Integumentary System:
-Protection -Body Temperature Regulation -Prevention of Water Loss -Sensory Receptor Location (cutaneous) -Synthesis of Glandular Chemicals -Excretion of small quantities of waste
Function of Ceruminous Gland:
-Secrete cerumen (earwax) -Protective covering of external ear canal
Function of Sebaceous Gland:
-Secrete oily sebum into hair follicle -Keeps skin surface and hair pliable -More active after puberty
Characteristics of Stratum Basale:
-Single row of cuboidal/columnar cells -Layer also include melanocytes -Frequent cell division -Some cells become parts of more superficial layers
What are the two types of sweat glands? What are the two modified sweat glands?
Apocrine + Merocrine (widespread) Ceruminous (external auditory canal) + Mammary (breast)
What structure becomes active after puberty in axillary and groin regions?
Apocrine Sweat Gland
The hypodermis is composed of _____ tissues.
Areolar and Adipose Connective
Tissue(s) composing the dermis:
Areolar connective tissue + Dense irregular connective tissue
What structure causes hair to 'stand on end' and goose bumps to appear?
Arrector Pili Muscle
Location of Sebaceous Gland:
Associated with hair follicle
Location of Apocrine sweat glands:
Axillary + Genital regions
Apocrine sweat glands are located in the _______ regions of the body.
Axillary and Genital
Tissue(s) composing the hypodermis:
Adipose connective tissue + Areolar Connective Tissue
What is the inner layer of the skin?
Dermis