Lab Practical 1

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On the image, which letter represents the stage?

AB

An example of filtration occurs in the kidney and:

Ions and glucose filter from the capillary into the kidney tubule

Which of the following is true about osmosis?

Osmosis is the flow of water across a plasma membrane

Which of the following is true about the rate of diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane?

Smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules through a membrane

The force that causes water and solutes to cross cell membranes by filtration is ________.

The force that causes water and solutes to cross cell membranes by filtration is ________.

What happens to facilitated diffusion when the protein carriers become saturated?

The maximum rate of transport will occur

The presence or absence of a solute in the filtrate depends on _______.

The molecular weight and size of the solute as well as the MWCO and pore size of the membrane

In comparing simple diffusion to facilitated diffusion, you note that ________.

both require a concentration gradient

The _____ controls what enters and leaves the cell.

cell membrane

This organelle is particularly important during cell division. It directs the formation of the mitotic spindle.

centriole

A(n) ________ in molecular size and a(n) ________ in temperature result in an increased rate of diffusion.

decrease, increase

As total magnification increases, the depth of field ________.

decreases

During osmosis, water moves ___ its concentration gradient

down

When using the higher power objective lenses, you would use this part of the microscope to focus the specimen.

fine adjustment knob

Red blood cells placed in a hypotonic solution will ________.

gain water and undergo hemolysis

The organelle functions to package and deliver proteins:

golgi apparatus

Which solution in a test tube would work best in extracting DNA from cheek cells for analysis?

hypotonic

Genetic material is contained within the ___ of the cell.

nucleus

The scanning, low, and high power objectives are mounted on the:

revolving nose piece

The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ____ located on it.

ribosomes

Which structure is directly responsible for the formation of proteins within the cell.

ribosomes

To focus a specimen, it is best to start with which objective:

scanning

Identify the epithelium indicated by the arrows.

simple columnar

Which epithelial type is highlighted?

simple columnar epithelium

Which of the following solutes would move the fastest?

sodium chloride

Identify the highlighted epithelium.

stratified squamous epithelium

Which epithelial type is highlighted?

stratified squamous epithelium

In which phase of the cell cycle is the highlighted cell?

telophase

Groups of cells that are anatomically similar and share a function are called __________.

tissues

Identify the highlighted epithelial type.

transitional epithelium

Identify the phase of mitosis shown in the highlighted cell.

prophase

You are observing a slide that contains cells undergoing cell division, and you have focused on a cell that has darkly staining X-shaped chromosomes that appear loose throughout the cell. You cannot see a nuclear envelope. This cell is in ________.

prophase

During the highlighted phase of mitosis, the nuclear envelope is ________.

reassembling

In which phase(s) of mitosis do the chromosomes contain a single copy of DNA?

telophase and anaphase

When using the high power objective, you should not adjust the:

coarse focus

A passive process, __________ is the movement of solute molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration.

diffusion

Which tissue is highlighted?

elastic cartilage

This organelle is responsible for destroying worn-out cell parts:

lysosomes

Membrane transport may be passive or active. Select the active process from the list below.

phagocytosis

A microscope has a 4x ocular lens and a 10x objective, what is this microscope's total magnification?

40X

Which of the following resulted in an increase in the filtration rate?

Both increasing the pore size and increasing the pressure above the beaker

On the image, which letter represents the coarse adjustment knob?

C

Drinking too much plain water in a short period of time can result in water intoxication. As a result, blood plasma will become hypotonic. What effect do you think this would have on blood cells?

Cells may be lysed

What is the genetic material at B?

DNA wound around histone proteins

Identify the phase of mitosis shown in the highlighted cell.

anaphase

Squamous epithelial cells ________.

are thin and flat, like fish scales

This type of connective tissue is found under epithelia, packaging organs, and surrounding capillaries.

areolar

Identify the highlighted cells.

chondrocytes

What event immediately precedes anaphase?

chromosomes cluster at the midline of the cell

This is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the body.

connective

Cell organelles are located within the ____ of the cell.

cytoplasm

Which of the following would decrease the rate of facilitated diffusion?

decreasing the number of carrier proteins

This connective tissue looks like strands of wavy hair. It is very strong and attaches muscles to bones.

dense regular

The wheel under the stage that adjusts the amount of light is called the:

diaphragm

This tissue type is a covering and lining tissue. It also includes glands.

epithelial

In healthy people, it is good practice to use isotonic solutions for injections into veins of the circulatory system because ________.

isotonic solutions maintain the normal volume and function of red blood cells

A solution surrounding a cell is hypertonic if __________.

it contains more nonpenetrating solute particles than the interior of the cell

In this organ, filtration is the important first step in producing urine.

kidney

Identify the highlighted structures.

lamellae

Red blood cells placed in 5% sodium chloride solution will ________.

lose water and undergo crenation

Always begin examining microscope slides with which power objective?

low

Which objective provides the greatest depth of field?

low

Which objective provides the greatest field of view?

low

This organelle functions in cellular respiration:

mitochondrion

The division of human cells consists of a series of events, collectively called ________, or nuclear division, and ________, or division of the cytoplasm.

mitosis, cytokinesis

Molecule A has a molecular weight of 175 and Molecule B has a molecular weight of 450. A 0.1 M solution of each is placed on agar gel. Which molecule will diffuse more rapidly through the agar?

molecule A

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion both _______.

move solutes with their concentration gradient

During the highlighted phase of mitosis, the chromosomes are ________.

moving away from each other toward opposite poles of the cell

Located within the nucleus, it is responsible for producing ribosomes:

nucleolus

The lens that is within the eyepiece of the light microscope is called the:

ocular

Microscopes that are____will remain nearly focused after the low-power objective lens is changed to the high-power objective lens.

parfocal

During this phase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle forms and the nuclear envelope fragments.

prophase

This tissue can look like the hexagonal tiles of a bathroom floor. It also forms the air sacs of the lungs.

simple squamous epithelium

Filtration is a non-selective, passive process in which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure. The following property limits movement of some solutes.

size of the membrane pores

On the image, which letter indicates the location of the diaphragm?

AC

A membrane transport process is active if it requires ________.

ATP

What is not true of connective tissue?

All connective tissues contain elastic fibers.

On the image, which letter represents the objective?

B

Which of the following is required for filtration?

Both a membrane and a hydrostatic pressure gradient are required

A dialysis sac that is permeable to glucose and water is filled with water and placed in a beaker containing 20% glucose solution. Will there be a net transport of glucose across the dialysis sac? If so, in which direction will the glucose move, into the sac or out of the sac?

Yes, glucose will move into the sac

A dialysis sac that is permeable to glucose and water is filled with water and placed in a beaker containing 20% glucose solution. Will there be a net transport of water across the dialysis sac? If so, in which direction will the water move, into the sac or out of the sac?

Yes, water will move out of the sac

This connective tissue consists of large round densely packed cells with the nucleus pushed to one side.

adipose

Increasing the pressure above the beaker is analogous to _______.

an increase in blood pressure

During __________ the cell grows and performs its usual activities.

interphase

From the time it is formed until it reproduces, the cell undergoes growth and carries out its functions in the body. What is the name for this portion of the cell's life cycle?

interphase

In which phase of the cell cycle is the highlighted cell?

metaphase

________ are tiny finger like projections on some cell surfaces that increase the surface area for absorption of materials.

microvilli

Because these organelles are responsible for providing most of the ATP needed by the cell, they are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They are the __________.

mitochondria

Identify the highlighted epithelium.

simple cuboidal epithelium

In this activity, the solutes were transported through the dialysis membrane by _______.

simple diffusion

Identify the highlighted epithelium.

simple squamous epithelium

For solutes that move by simple diffusion, which of the following does NOT affect the rate of simple diffusion across a membrane?

the membrane pore size, the potential enemy of the solute

A solution is said to be isotonic if it contains ________.

the same number of nonpenetrating solute particles as the interior of cells

The endoplasmic reticulum functions to:

transport materials

T/F: Blood is a type of connective tissue.

true

To transport a microscope, hold it ________.

upright, with one hand on its arm and the other hand supporting its base

How do you clean the lenses of your microscope?

with special lens paper and cleaner


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