Lab Practical 1
On the image, which letter represents the stage?
AB
An example of filtration occurs in the kidney and:
Ions and glucose filter from the capillary into the kidney tubule
Which of the following is true about osmosis?
Osmosis is the flow of water across a plasma membrane
Which of the following is true about the rate of diffusion through a selectively permeable membrane?
Smaller molecules diffuse faster than larger molecules through a membrane
The force that causes water and solutes to cross cell membranes by filtration is ________.
The force that causes water and solutes to cross cell membranes by filtration is ________.
What happens to facilitated diffusion when the protein carriers become saturated?
The maximum rate of transport will occur
The presence or absence of a solute in the filtrate depends on _______.
The molecular weight and size of the solute as well as the MWCO and pore size of the membrane
In comparing simple diffusion to facilitated diffusion, you note that ________.
both require a concentration gradient
The _____ controls what enters and leaves the cell.
cell membrane
This organelle is particularly important during cell division. It directs the formation of the mitotic spindle.
centriole
A(n) ________ in molecular size and a(n) ________ in temperature result in an increased rate of diffusion.
decrease, increase
As total magnification increases, the depth of field ________.
decreases
During osmosis, water moves ___ its concentration gradient
down
When using the higher power objective lenses, you would use this part of the microscope to focus the specimen.
fine adjustment knob
Red blood cells placed in a hypotonic solution will ________.
gain water and undergo hemolysis
The organelle functions to package and deliver proteins:
golgi apparatus
Which solution in a test tube would work best in extracting DNA from cheek cells for analysis?
hypotonic
Genetic material is contained within the ___ of the cell.
nucleus
The scanning, low, and high power objectives are mounted on the:
revolving nose piece
The rough endoplasmic reticulum has ____ located on it.
ribosomes
Which structure is directly responsible for the formation of proteins within the cell.
ribosomes
To focus a specimen, it is best to start with which objective:
scanning
Identify the epithelium indicated by the arrows.
simple columnar
Which epithelial type is highlighted?
simple columnar epithelium
Which of the following solutes would move the fastest?
sodium chloride
Identify the highlighted epithelium.
stratified squamous epithelium
Which epithelial type is highlighted?
stratified squamous epithelium
In which phase of the cell cycle is the highlighted cell?
telophase
Groups of cells that are anatomically similar and share a function are called __________.
tissues
Identify the highlighted epithelial type.
transitional epithelium
Identify the phase of mitosis shown in the highlighted cell.
prophase
You are observing a slide that contains cells undergoing cell division, and you have focused on a cell that has darkly staining X-shaped chromosomes that appear loose throughout the cell. You cannot see a nuclear envelope. This cell is in ________.
prophase
During the highlighted phase of mitosis, the nuclear envelope is ________.
reassembling
In which phase(s) of mitosis do the chromosomes contain a single copy of DNA?
telophase and anaphase
When using the high power objective, you should not adjust the:
coarse focus
A passive process, __________ is the movement of solute molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration.
diffusion
Which tissue is highlighted?
elastic cartilage
This organelle is responsible for destroying worn-out cell parts:
lysosomes
Membrane transport may be passive or active. Select the active process from the list below.
phagocytosis
A microscope has a 4x ocular lens and a 10x objective, what is this microscope's total magnification?
40X
Which of the following resulted in an increase in the filtration rate?
Both increasing the pore size and increasing the pressure above the beaker
On the image, which letter represents the coarse adjustment knob?
C
Drinking too much plain water in a short period of time can result in water intoxication. As a result, blood plasma will become hypotonic. What effect do you think this would have on blood cells?
Cells may be lysed
What is the genetic material at B?
DNA wound around histone proteins
Identify the phase of mitosis shown in the highlighted cell.
anaphase
Squamous epithelial cells ________.
are thin and flat, like fish scales
This type of connective tissue is found under epithelia, packaging organs, and surrounding capillaries.
areolar
Identify the highlighted cells.
chondrocytes
What event immediately precedes anaphase?
chromosomes cluster at the midline of the cell
This is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue type in the body.
connective
Cell organelles are located within the ____ of the cell.
cytoplasm
Which of the following would decrease the rate of facilitated diffusion?
decreasing the number of carrier proteins
This connective tissue looks like strands of wavy hair. It is very strong and attaches muscles to bones.
dense regular
The wheel under the stage that adjusts the amount of light is called the:
diaphragm
This tissue type is a covering and lining tissue. It also includes glands.
epithelial
In healthy people, it is good practice to use isotonic solutions for injections into veins of the circulatory system because ________.
isotonic solutions maintain the normal volume and function of red blood cells
A solution surrounding a cell is hypertonic if __________.
it contains more nonpenetrating solute particles than the interior of the cell
In this organ, filtration is the important first step in producing urine.
kidney
Identify the highlighted structures.
lamellae
Red blood cells placed in 5% sodium chloride solution will ________.
lose water and undergo crenation
Always begin examining microscope slides with which power objective?
low
Which objective provides the greatest depth of field?
low
Which objective provides the greatest field of view?
low
This organelle functions in cellular respiration:
mitochondrion
The division of human cells consists of a series of events, collectively called ________, or nuclear division, and ________, or division of the cytoplasm.
mitosis, cytokinesis
Molecule A has a molecular weight of 175 and Molecule B has a molecular weight of 450. A 0.1 M solution of each is placed on agar gel. Which molecule will diffuse more rapidly through the agar?
molecule A
Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion both _______.
move solutes with their concentration gradient
During the highlighted phase of mitosis, the chromosomes are ________.
moving away from each other toward opposite poles of the cell
Located within the nucleus, it is responsible for producing ribosomes:
nucleolus
The lens that is within the eyepiece of the light microscope is called the:
ocular
Microscopes that are____will remain nearly focused after the low-power objective lens is changed to the high-power objective lens.
parfocal
During this phase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle forms and the nuclear envelope fragments.
prophase
This tissue can look like the hexagonal tiles of a bathroom floor. It also forms the air sacs of the lungs.
simple squamous epithelium
Filtration is a non-selective, passive process in which water and solutes are forced through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure. The following property limits movement of some solutes.
size of the membrane pores
On the image, which letter indicates the location of the diaphragm?
AC
A membrane transport process is active if it requires ________.
ATP
What is not true of connective tissue?
All connective tissues contain elastic fibers.
On the image, which letter represents the objective?
B
Which of the following is required for filtration?
Both a membrane and a hydrostatic pressure gradient are required
A dialysis sac that is permeable to glucose and water is filled with water and placed in a beaker containing 20% glucose solution. Will there be a net transport of glucose across the dialysis sac? If so, in which direction will the glucose move, into the sac or out of the sac?
Yes, glucose will move into the sac
A dialysis sac that is permeable to glucose and water is filled with water and placed in a beaker containing 20% glucose solution. Will there be a net transport of water across the dialysis sac? If so, in which direction will the water move, into the sac or out of the sac?
Yes, water will move out of the sac
This connective tissue consists of large round densely packed cells with the nucleus pushed to one side.
adipose
Increasing the pressure above the beaker is analogous to _______.
an increase in blood pressure
During __________ the cell grows and performs its usual activities.
interphase
From the time it is formed until it reproduces, the cell undergoes growth and carries out its functions in the body. What is the name for this portion of the cell's life cycle?
interphase
In which phase of the cell cycle is the highlighted cell?
metaphase
________ are tiny finger like projections on some cell surfaces that increase the surface area for absorption of materials.
microvilli
Because these organelles are responsible for providing most of the ATP needed by the cell, they are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They are the __________.
mitochondria
Identify the highlighted epithelium.
simple cuboidal epithelium
In this activity, the solutes were transported through the dialysis membrane by _______.
simple diffusion
Identify the highlighted epithelium.
simple squamous epithelium
For solutes that move by simple diffusion, which of the following does NOT affect the rate of simple diffusion across a membrane?
the membrane pore size, the potential enemy of the solute
A solution is said to be isotonic if it contains ________.
the same number of nonpenetrating solute particles as the interior of cells
The endoplasmic reticulum functions to:
transport materials
T/F: Blood is a type of connective tissue.
true
To transport a microscope, hold it ________.
upright, with one hand on its arm and the other hand supporting its base
How do you clean the lenses of your microscope?
with special lens paper and cleaner
