Lab Practicum
True or False? The ischiocavernosus muscle is a single muscle
False, paired
What is the function of the tunica vaginalis parietal?
is a part of the peritoneal lining that descends with the testis as the testis drops through the inguinal ring.
What is the function of the tunica vaginalis visceral?
is tightly adhered to the testis and prevents adhesions.
What is the bulb of urethra (Penile bulb) a part of?
ischial urethra
What is the bulbocavernosus muscle a part of?
ischial urethra
What is the crura a part of?
ischial urethra
What is the ischiocavernosus muscle a part of?
ischial urethra
What do the cowper's glands produce in the bull?
the prealkaline drip which is the clean out of the urethra before ejaculation
What is the function of the testis?
production of sperm and testosterone
a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in male mammals and releasing prostatic fluid.
prostate gland
relaxes to permit extension of the penis
retractor penis muscle
What is the stratum subdarticum a part of?
scrotum
What is the sweat glands a part of?
scrotum
What is the tunica dartos muscle a part of?
scrotum
What is the tunica vaginalis parietal a part of?
scrotum
What is the tunica vaginalis visceral a part of?
scrotum
What do the cowper's glands secrete in the horse?
seminal fluid
What gland produces the major portion of seminal fluid in the bull?
seminal vesicles
What kind of muscle is the vas deferens made of?
smooth muscle
For the following muscles or muscles associated with specific structures or glands, indicate whether they are associated with the Erection, Emission, or Ejaculation process in the Bull. -smooth muscle of seminal vesicles -ischiocavernosus muscle -penile retractor muscle -smooth muscle of cauda epididymis -pelvic urethra muscle smooth muscle of vas deferens -urethralis muscle -smooth muscle of prostate -bulbocavernosus muscle
smooth muscle of seminal vesicles1 , emission ischiocavernosus muscle 2 , Erection penile retractor muscle 3 , Erection smooth muscle of cauda epididymis 4 , emission pelvic urethra muscle 5 , ejaculation smooth muscle of vas deferens 6 , emission urethralis muscle 7 , ejaculation smooth muscle of prostate 8 , emission bulbocavernosus muscle 9 ejaculation
What is the external cremaster muscle a part of?
spermatic cord
What is the pampiniform plexus a part of?
spermatic cord
What is the vas deferens (ductus deferens) a part of?
spermatic cord
What is the function of leydig cells?
synthesize and secrete testosterone. They are stimulated by LH from the anterior pituitary
What causes ejaculation to occur?
temperature and pressure on the glans penis
What are leydig cells a part of?
testis
What are the efferent ducts a part of?
testis
What are the leydig cells a part of?
testis
What are the seminiferous tubules a part of?
testis
What is the mediastinum part of?
testis
What is the tubuli seminiferi recti a part of?
testis
What is the tunica albuginea a part of?
testis
What is the function of the sweat glands in the scrotum?
to cool the testis
Within the urethalis muscle, the _____________ swells during emission and ejaculation to block urine flow from the bladder. Group of answer choices Colliculis Seminalis Trabeculae Bulb of Urethra Corpus Cavernosus Urethra Seminal Vesicles
Colliculis Seminalis
Indicate which of the following Accessory Glands are present in the Cat. -ampulla -seminal vesicles -prostate body -cowpers gland -disseminate prostate
-ampulla -prostate body -cowpers gland
Indicate which of the following Accessory Glands are present in the Buck. -ampulla -seminal vesicles -prostate body -cowpers gland -disseminate prostate
-ampulla -seminal vesicles -cowpers gland -disseminate prostate
Indicate which of the following Accessory Glands are present in the Ram. -ampulla -seminal vesicles -prostate body -cowpers gland -disseminate prostate
-ampulla -seminal vesicles -cowpers gland -disseminate prostate
Indicate which of the following Accessory Glands are present in the Human -ampulla -seminal vesicles -prostate body -cowpers gland -disseminate prostate
-ampulla -seminal vesicles -prostate body -cowpers gland
Indicate which of the following Accessory Glands are present in the Stallion. -ampulla -seminal vesicles -prostate body -cowpers gland -disseminate prostate
-ampulla -seminal vesicles -prostate body -cowpers gland
What are the accessory glands present in the bull?
-ampulla -seminal vesicles -prostate body -cowpers gland -disseminate prostate
Indicate which of the following Accessory Glands are present in the Boar. -ampulla -seminal vesicles -prostate body -cowpers gland -disseminate prostate
-seminal vesicles -prostate body -cowpers gland -disseminate prostate
What is the transit time through the epididymis?
11-14 days
How many pairs of accessory glands do bulls have?
3 1. bulbourethral glands 2. seminal vesicles 3. prostate gland
What is the function of the epididymis?
Adds fertilization factors and decapcitation factors to be added. Also adds swimming ability factors
Indicate which of the following Accessory Glands are present in the Dog. Ampulla Prostate body Disseminate prostate Seminal vesicles Cowpers gland
Ampulla Prostate body
What do the seminal vesicles look like in the bull?
Clusters of grapes
The penis of domestic animals is classified into two types: Fibroelastic and Vascular (musculovascular) - Classify the following Species Stallion Human dog Buck Bull Ram
Fibroelastic Buck Bull Ram Vascular: Stallion Human dog
During the erection process these muscles will contract and they will pull and have pressure and the cruar will have pressure against the pelvis. We do have a blood supply that feeds the penile shaft and when the male is sexually aroused. When blood flows into the penile shaft the corpus cavernosus tissue is actually where the veinous return of the blood supply is and as the .................................muscle contracts back against the pelvic bone it restricts the veinous return. So we have a blood flow in and a restriction of a blood flow out. This allows the penile shaft to become engorged with blood and extent and you have the relaxation of the retrectile penis muscle.
Ischiocavernosus Muscle
What is the body of the prostate a part of?
Prostate gland
What is the disseminate prostate a part of?
Prostate gland
What is the function of the efferent ducts?
Reabsorb fluid and concentrate sperm draws sperm towards the epididymis
In which of the species pairs is the ejaculate "fractionated" with an accessory gland(s) producing a gel fraction? Group of answer choices Buck - Stallion Stallion - Boar Stallion - Ram Boar - Buck Boar - Ram Bull - Stallion Bull - Boar Buck - Bull Ram - Bull Ram - Buck
Stallion - Boar
The _______________are immotile, long protrusions of the cells in the proximal caput epididymis which absorb fluid to concentrate the sperm as it moves into the distal caput epididymis. Group of answer choices Sterocilia Trabeculae Tunica Vasculosa Fimbria
Sterocilia
What is the function of the corpus?
The body of the epididymis lies parallel to the ductus deferens. Concentrations of sperm throughout the body of the epididymis remain relatively constant
What happens to sperm in the caput?
The head of the epididymis is subdivided into the proximal head (PH) and the distal head (DH). The proximal head reabsorbs a significant amount of rete fluid while the distal head secretes fluid into the lumen of the epididymal duct. Thus, the concentration of sperm within the head of the epididymis increases then decreases significantly.
What is the function of the cauda?
The tail of the epididymis consists of the proximal tail and the distal tail. Sperm within the distal tail are eligible for ejaculation. Sperm in the proximal tail cannot be moved into an ejaculatory position following sexual stimulation. However, the sperm in the distal tail move through the ductus deferens and into the pelvic urethra during sexual stimulation -Sperm can be stored for several weeks --stored without loss of function --arrests sperm metabolism so that the sperm don't burnout --allows for repetitive ejaculations of a short period --sperm are indefinitely viable as prolonged sexual rest results int he first couple of collections showing poor sperm quality
What is the function of the tubuli seminiferi recti?
The tubuli seminiferi recti (also known as the tubuli recti, tubulus rectus, or straight seminiferous tubules) are structures in the testicle connecting the convoluted region of the seminiferous tubules to the rete testi
What is the function of the urethralis muscle?
The urethralis muscle surrounds the pelvic portion of the urethra and the bulbourethral glands, and by its contractions, forces release of seminal fluid during ejaculation as well as emptying of the last vestiges of urine during urination.
What are the Cowper's (Bulbourethral) glands a part of?
accessory glands
What are the seminal vesicles (vesicular glands) a part of?
accessory glands
What is the prostate gland a part of?
accessory glands
a membranous sac in humans and other animals, in which urine is collected for excretion.
bladder
Where does the ejaculation process take place?
bulb of the urethra
it is setting in between the paired ischiocavernosus muscle. It is a single muscle. When you cut it open you will have the bulb of the penile muscle sitting in it which feeds into the corpus cavernosous urethra and with ejaculation and the contraction of the .................................. muscle will send the semen down the urethra
bulbocavernosus muscle
In the boar what do the vesicular glands produce?
bulk of seminal fluid
Spermatozoal characteristics of what part of the epididymis? -Not motile -Not fertile -Proximal cytoplasmic droplet -Low disulfide crosslinking
caput
What part of the epididymis has about 25-50X10^6 sperm cells?
caput
Spermatozoal characteristics of what part of the epididymis? -Expression of normal motility after dilution -fertile potential -distal droplet -high degree of disulfide crosslinking -can bind to oocytes
cauda
What determines the orientation of testicles?
cauda epididymis
What do the accessory glands duct into?
colliculus seminalis
Where are sperm and seminal fluid mixed together??
colliculus seminalis
What is the function of the glans penis?
contains the nerves for temperature and pressure sensitivity
Spermatozoal characteristics of what part of the epididymis? -Some expression of motility after dilution -Some expression of fertility -Translocating cytoplasmic droplet -Moderate to high degree of disulfide crosslinking -Can bind to oocytes
corpus
What part of the epididymis has about 8-25X10^9 sperm cells?
corpus
Where are the stereocilia located?
corpus and cauda epididymis
What is the caput a part of?
epididymis
What is the cauda a part of?
epididymis
What is the corpus a part of?
epididymis
What does the ampulla produce in the stallion?
ergerthianine
will come up and attach to the vertebrae of the backbone and are known as the fight or flight muscle. They will either move the testes closer to or farther away from the body. They are a striated muscle meaning that they cannot sustain contraction for any length of time, but they do help with thermal regulation in the testes.
external cremaster muscle
What do the seminal vesicles produce in the stallion
gel fraction
Is the external cremaster muscle a single or paired muscle?
paired
The is a complex vascular structure within the spermatic cord that serves to cool the arterial blood before it enters the testis.
pampiniform plexus
What is the bladder a part of?
pelvic urethra
What is the colliculus seminalis a part of?
pelvic urethra
What is the urethralis muscle a part of?
pelvic urethra
is a narrow fibromuscular tube that conducts urine and semen from the bladder and ejaculatory ducts, respectively, to the exterior of the body.
penile/pelvic urethra
What is the corpus cavernosum penis a part of?
penis
What is the corpus cavernosum urethra a part of?
penis
What is the glans penis a part of?
penis
What is the penile urethra a part of?
penis
What is the retractor penis muscle a part of?
penis
What is the sigmoid flexure a part of?
penis
the male genital organ of higher vertebrates, carrying the duct for the transfer of sperm during copulation. In humans and most other mammals, it consists largely of erectile tissue and serves also for the elimination of urine.
penis
What is the function of the vas deferens?
transports mature sperm to the urethra for ejaculation -Low level steady-state contractions of vas deferens. --thick muscular wall --this occurs in non-excited state -increased contractions caused by sexual excitement -strong peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle stimulated by nerves during sexual arousal
True or False? The bulbocavernosus muscle is a single muscle
true
True or False? The retractile penis muscle is a paired muscle
true
True or False? The vas deferens has constant contractions but they increase during sexual arousal
true
Where is the colliculus seminalis located?
urethrealis muscle
What is the ampulla a part of?
vas (ductus) deferens