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The size of the atom

is proportional to the radius size

If an atom accepts an electron

it will have a negative electron affinity

An orbital that penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is

less shielded from nuclear charge

Lone pairs and double bonds

take up more room than single bonds repel the bonding groups to a greater extent, resulting smaller bond angles

Zeff equation

# of protons - the number of core (inner-shell electrons)

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) is used as a propellant in aerosol cans. What type of bonding occurs between the atoms of a CCl4 molecule?

Covalent. This is because this bond is between two non-metals

Hundi

He doesn't like to see all the boxes filled first *think say Hi to everyone before pairing up

What type of bonding occurs in sodium chloride, NaCl?

Ionic. This is because this bond is between a metal and a non-metal

Zeff (effective nuclear charge)

The charge that the outer electrons feel

polar bonds

add together to give a net dipole momment

Atoms with higher Zeff

are gaining electrons to be more like a noble gas

larger species from pairs of atoms

are the most negative pair ie N2- >N2 > N2+

+1/2, -1/2

are the possible ms values

In the periodic table we use today, the ordering of the elements is based on _____.

atomic number

ml

deals with the orientation of the orbital

n

deals with the overall size and energy of an orbital

l

deals with the shape of the orbitals

ms

deals with the spin

an orbital that does penetrate will

have a higher energy

an orbital that does not penetrate will

have a lower energy

Most polar molecule

have lone pairs on central atom

Pauli

he doesn't like two of the same spin and no more than 4 think two vowels (au)

What type of bonding occurs in a sample of pure lithium, Li? In other words, how is one lithium atom held to another lithium atom?

metallic. Pure lithium, Li, is a metal; therefore, when you have two metals the bond that occurs is metallic.

An orbital that does not penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is

more shielded from nuclear charge

all positive integers

n

Nonpolar molecule

no lone pairs on central atom and bonds are the same

What observations led to the periodic law?

observation that the properties of elements recur and certain elements have similar properties

What theory explains the underlying reasons for the periodic law?

quantum-mechanical theory

n-1

the possible l values

-l to +l

the possible values of ml

Radius Tend on the periodic table

to the left and down is INCREASE

EA (electron affinity)

to the right and up INCREASE

IE (ionization energy)

to the right and up INCREASE

Aufbau

wants to to move up in rank *think "Aufbauen" in German mean "to build".


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