Last Test
The size of the atom
is proportional to the radius size
If an atom accepts an electron
it will have a negative electron affinity
An orbital that penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is
less shielded from nuclear charge
Lone pairs and double bonds
take up more room than single bonds repel the bonding groups to a greater extent, resulting smaller bond angles
Zeff equation
# of protons - the number of core (inner-shell electrons)
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) is used as a propellant in aerosol cans. What type of bonding occurs between the atoms of a CCl4 molecule?
Covalent. This is because this bond is between two non-metals
Hundi
He doesn't like to see all the boxes filled first *think say Hi to everyone before pairing up
What type of bonding occurs in sodium chloride, NaCl?
Ionic. This is because this bond is between a metal and a non-metal
Zeff (effective nuclear charge)
The charge that the outer electrons feel
polar bonds
add together to give a net dipole momment
Atoms with higher Zeff
are gaining electrons to be more like a noble gas
larger species from pairs of atoms
are the most negative pair ie N2- >N2 > N2+
+1/2, -1/2
are the possible ms values
In the periodic table we use today, the ordering of the elements is based on _____.
atomic number
ml
deals with the orientation of the orbital
n
deals with the overall size and energy of an orbital
l
deals with the shape of the orbitals
ms
deals with the spin
an orbital that does penetrate will
have a higher energy
an orbital that does not penetrate will
have a lower energy
Most polar molecule
have lone pairs on central atom
Pauli
he doesn't like two of the same spin and no more than 4 think two vowels (au)
What type of bonding occurs in a sample of pure lithium, Li? In other words, how is one lithium atom held to another lithium atom?
metallic. Pure lithium, Li, is a metal; therefore, when you have two metals the bond that occurs is metallic.
An orbital that does not penetrates into the region occupied by core electrons is
more shielded from nuclear charge
all positive integers
n
Nonpolar molecule
no lone pairs on central atom and bonds are the same
What observations led to the periodic law?
observation that the properties of elements recur and certain elements have similar properties
What theory explains the underlying reasons for the periodic law?
quantum-mechanical theory
n-1
the possible l values
-l to +l
the possible values of ml
Radius Tend on the periodic table
to the left and down is INCREASE
EA (electron affinity)
to the right and up INCREASE
IE (ionization energy)
to the right and up INCREASE
Aufbau
wants to to move up in rank *think "Aufbauen" in German mean "to build".