Latin Ch. 1, Lesson 1, 2, 3 & 4
second declension, plural
-i, -orum, -is, -os, -is
enclitic interrogative particle (for yes or no question)
-ne
and (enclitic conjunction) (connects words of like syntax; must be translated before the word to which it is attached)
-que
second declension, singular
-us/-ius/-er, -i, -o, -um, -o
The farmer loves the girl.
Agricola puellam amat.
The farmers are fighting.
Agricolae pugnant.
The farmer's slave praises the horse.
Agricolae servus equum laudat.
There is water.
Est aqua.
Europe
Europa, -ae, f
I look at the woman.
Feminam specto.
Gaul
Gal'lia, Gal'liae, f
Gaul is in Europe.
Gallia est in Europa.
Gaul is a province.
Gallia est provincia.
Is Gaul a province?
Galliane est provincia?
Germany
Germania, -ae, f
Spain
Hispania, -ae, f
We are fighting on the island.
In insula pugnamus.
He is in the forest.
In silva est.
Italy
Ita'lia, Ita'liae, f
No, the sailors are looking at the forest. (Sailors, not farmers, are looking at the forest.)
Nautae, non agricolae, silvam spectant.
We praise poets.
Poetas laudamus.
What are the girls looking at?
Quid puellae spectant?
Rome
Roma, -ae, f
The slave praises the farmer's horse.
Servus equum agricolae laudat.
Are the farmers looking at the forest? - Yes. - No.
Spectantne agricolae silvam? - Spectant. - Non spectant.
There is a letter.
Sunt litterae.
Are there letters?
Suntne litterae?
Where are the women?
Ubi sunt feminae?
No, they are looking at the farmhouse. (Farmhouse, not forest, they are looking at.)
Villam, non silvam, spectant.
accusative translation
a _ (the _ )
nominative translation
a _ (the _ );
predicate nominative
a noun used with a linking verb to define or make a statement about the subject
water
a'qua, -ae, f
the first declension, singular
a, ae, ae, am a
towards, to
ad
the first declension, plural
ae, arum, is, as, is
field, territory
ager, agri, m
farmer
agri'cola, -ae, m
friendship
amicitia, -ae, f
friend
amicus, i, m
I love, I like
amo
year
annus, i, m
ablative translation
by, with or from
field, plain
campus, i, m
inflection
change of endings, tells function of the word in the sentence
with
cum
goddess
dea, -ae, f
dative and ablative plural of dea and filia
deabus, filiabus
god
deus, i, m
vocative
direct address, someone/thing you are calling out to
I give
do
horse
equus, equi, m
is, there is
est
(conjunction) and
et
woman
fe'mina, -ae, f
daughter
filia, -ae, f
son
filius, fili, m
fortune, chance
fortu'na, -ae, f
sword
gladius, gladi, m
auxiliary verbs
helping verbs
island
in'sula, -ae, f
declension
inflection of nouns, adjectives, and pronouns
conjugation
inflection of verbs
I praise
laudo
envoy; lieutenant
legatus, i, m
genitive
lets noun qualify noun in other way
accusative
limits action of verb in different ways, usually direct object
tongue, language
lin'gua, lin'guae, f
in plural, letter (epistle), letters
lit'tera, -ae, f
letter (of alphabet)
lit'tera, -ae, f
game, school
ludus, i, m
memory
memo'ria, -ae, f
nature
natu'ra, -ae, f
sailor
nauta, -ae, m
I sail
navigo
(adverb) not
non
messenger, message
nuntius, nunti, m
personal endings of active voice
o/m, s, t, mus, tis, nt
dative
object indirectly affected by action of verb or quality of adjective
I seize, I capture
occupo
genitive translation
of a _ (the _ );
I prepare, I prepare for
paro
country, native land
patria, -ae, f
poet
poe'ta, -ae, m
gate
porta, -ae, f
I carry
porto
province
provin'cia, -ae, f
girl
puel'la, -ae, f
boy
puer, pueri, m
I fight
pugno
what? (interrogative pronoun)
quid?
syntax
relation of words to each other
(conjunction) but
sed
ablative
separation, location (space/time), instrument or circumstance under which action takes place. often preposition. often includes "by, with, from, in or on"
slave
servus, i, m
forest
sil'va, -ae, f
I look at
specto
nominative
subject of sentence
conjugation of sum
sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt
are, there are
sunt
earth, land
terra, -ae, f
dative translation
to (for) a _ (the _ )
trumpet
tuba, -ae f
where? (interrogative adverb)
ubi?
life
vi'ta, -ae, f
road, way
via, -ae, f
farmhouse
villa, -ae, f
man; husband
vir, viri, m
I call
voco
i call, i am calling, i do call
voco
first conjugation of voca
voco, vocas, vocat, vocamus, vocatis, vocant