Latin Ch. 1, Lesson 1, 2, 3 & 4

second declension, plural

-i, -orum, -is, -os, -is

enclitic interrogative particle (for yes or no question)

-ne

and (enclitic conjunction) (connects words of like syntax; must be translated before the word to which it is attached)

-que

second declension, singular

-us/-ius/-er, -i, -o, -um, -o

The farmer loves the girl.

Agricola puellam amat.

The farmers are fighting.

Agricolae pugnant.

The farmer's slave praises the horse.

Agricolae servus equum laudat.

There is water.

Est aqua.

Europe

Europa, -ae, f

I look at the woman.

Feminam specto.

Gaul

Gal'lia, Gal'liae, f

Gaul is in Europe.

Gallia est in Europa.

Gaul is a province.

Gallia est provincia.

Is Gaul a province?

Galliane est provincia?

Germany

Germania, -ae, f

Spain

Hispania, -ae, f

We are fighting on the island.

In insula pugnamus.

He is in the forest.

In silva est.

Italy

Ita'lia, Ita'liae, f

No, the sailors are looking at the forest. (Sailors, not farmers, are looking at the forest.)

Nautae, non agricolae, silvam spectant.

We praise poets.

Poetas laudamus.

What are the girls looking at?

Quid puellae spectant?

Rome

Roma, -ae, f

The slave praises the farmer's horse.

Servus equum agricolae laudat.

Are the farmers looking at the forest? - Yes. - No.

Spectantne agricolae silvam? - Spectant. - Non spectant.

There is a letter.

Sunt litterae.

Are there letters?

Suntne litterae?

Where are the women?

Ubi sunt feminae?

No, they are looking at the farmhouse. (Farmhouse, not forest, they are looking at.)

Villam, non silvam, spectant.

accusative translation

a _ (the _ )

nominative translation

a _ (the _ );

predicate nominative

a noun used with a linking verb to define or make a statement about the subject

water

a'qua, -ae, f

the first declension, singular

a, ae, ae, am a

towards, to

ad

the first declension, plural

ae, arum, is, as, is

field, territory

ager, agri, m

farmer

agri'cola, -ae, m

friendship

amicitia, -ae, f

friend

amicus, i, m

I love, I like

amo

year

annus, i, m

ablative translation

by, with or from

field, plain

campus, i, m

inflection

change of endings, tells function of the word in the sentence

with

cum

goddess

dea, -ae, f

dative and ablative plural of dea and filia

deabus, filiabus

god

deus, i, m

vocative

direct address, someone/thing you are calling out to

I give

do

horse

equus, equi, m

is, there is

est

(conjunction) and

et

woman

fe'mina, -ae, f

daughter

filia, -ae, f

son

filius, fili, m

fortune, chance

fortu'na, -ae, f

sword

gladius, gladi, m

auxiliary verbs

helping verbs

island

in'sula, -ae, f

declension

inflection of nouns, adjectives, and pronouns

conjugation

inflection of verbs

I praise

laudo

envoy; lieutenant

legatus, i, m

genitive

lets noun qualify noun in other way

accusative

limits action of verb in different ways, usually direct object

tongue, language

lin'gua, lin'guae, f

in plural, letter (epistle), letters

lit'tera, -ae, f

letter (of alphabet)

lit'tera, -ae, f

game, school

ludus, i, m

memory

memo'ria, -ae, f

nature

natu'ra, -ae, f

sailor

nauta, -ae, m

I sail

navigo

(adverb) not

non

messenger, message

nuntius, nunti, m

personal endings of active voice

o/m, s, t, mus, tis, nt

dative

object indirectly affected by action of verb or quality of adjective

I seize, I capture

occupo

genitive translation

of a _ (the _ );

I prepare, I prepare for

paro

country, native land

patria, -ae, f

poet

poe'ta, -ae, m

gate

porta, -ae, f

I carry

porto

province

provin'cia, -ae, f

girl

puel'la, -ae, f

boy

puer, pueri, m

I fight

pugno

what? (interrogative pronoun)

quid?

syntax

relation of words to each other

(conjunction) but

sed

ablative

separation, location (space/time), instrument or circumstance under which action takes place. often preposition. often includes "by, with, from, in or on"

slave

servus, i, m

forest

sil'va, -ae, f

I look at

specto

nominative

subject of sentence

conjugation of sum

sum, es, est, sumus, estis, sunt

are, there are

sunt

earth, land

terra, -ae, f

dative translation

to (for) a _ (the _ )

trumpet

tuba, -ae f

where? (interrogative adverb)

ubi?

life

vi'ta, -ae, f

road, way

via, -ae, f

farmhouse

villa, -ae, f

man; husband

vir, viri, m

I call

voco

i call, i am calling, i do call

voco

first conjugation of voca

voco, vocas, vocat, vocamus, vocatis, vocant