Leadership Test 1 excluding chapter 3
what is the upper left quadrant of the brain
A
what is the lower left quadrant of the brain
B
what is the lower right quadrant of the brain
C
who created the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Carl Jung
what is the upper right quadrant of the brain
D
who created theory x and theory y
Douglas McGregor
what is another name for emotional intelligence
EQ
who created level 5 leaders
Jim Collins (good to great)
who gave the quote on the challenge of leadership
Jim Rohn
what was the questionnaire called in the Ohio State Studies
Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire
what are people when they can learn to use their whole brain
MINDFUL
what was the questionnaire called in the Michigan Studies
Survey of Organizations
what is stewardship
a belief that leaders are deeply accountable to others as well as to the organization, without trying to control others, define meaning and purpose for others, or take care of others
what is clarity of mind
a commitment to the truth of current reality
what is the collaborate role of leadership
a horizontal leadership role in which the leader often works behind the scenes and uses personal power to influence others and get things done
what is a democratic leader
a leader who delegates authority to others, encourages participation, relies on subordinates knowledge for completion of tasks, and depends on subordinate respect for influence
what is a learning leader
a leader who is open to learning and change and encourages the growth and development of others
what is an autocratic leader
a leader who tends to centralize authority and derive power from position, control of rewards, and coercion
what is employee centered leadership in the university of michigan studies on leader behavior
a leadership behavior that displays a focus on the human needs of subordinates
what is the advisory role of leadership
a leadership role that provides advice, guidance, and support to other people and departments in the organization
what are strengths
a natural talent or ability that has been supported and reinforced with learned knowledge and skills
what is emotional intelligence
a person's abilities to perceive, identify, understand, and successfully manage emotions in self and others
what is self-efficacy
a persons strong belief that he or she can successfully accomplish a specific task or outcomes
what is derailment
a phenomenon in which a manager with an impressive track record reaches a certain level but goes off track and cant advance because of a mismatch between job needs and personal skills and qualities
what is a vision
a picture of an ambitious desirable future for the organization or team
what is a paradigm
a shared mindset that represents a fundamental way of thinking about, perceiving, and understanding the world
what is mindfulness
a state of focused attention on the present moment and a readiness to create new mental categories in the face of evolving information and shifting circumstances
what is optimism
a tendency to see the positive side of things and expect that things will turn out well
what is individualized leadership
a theory based on the notion that a leader develops a unique relationship with each subordinate or group member, which determines how the leader behaves toward the member and how the member responds to the leader
what is the leadership grid
a two-dimensional leadership model that describes major leadership styles based on measuring both concern for people and concern for production
what is the operational role of leadership
a vertically oriented leadership role in which an executive has direct control over people and resources and the position power to accomplish results
what is organizing to achieve objectives
a way to bridge the disparity between current reality and the vision of a better future
what is contextual intelligence
ability to sense the social, political, technological, and economic context of the times and adopt a mental model that helps an organization respond
what does courage mean
accepting responsibility, nonconformity, pushing beyond the comfort zone, asking for what you want and saying what you think, fighting for what you believe
what is the number one reason for executive derailment
acting with insensitive, abrasive, intimidating, bullying style
what principles provide the framework for stewardship
adopt a partnership mindset, give decision making power and the authority to act to those closest to the work and the customer, tie rewards to contributions rather than formal positions, expect core work teams to build the organization
what was the name of era 4 of leadership
agile leadership
what is the whole brain concept
an approach that considers not only a person's preference for right-brained thinking, but also conceptual versus experiential thinking; identifies four quadrants of the brain related to different thinking styles
what is an attitude
an evaluation (either positive or negative) about people, events, or things
what is leadership
an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes
what is the halo effect
an overall impression of a person or situation based on characteristic, either favorable or unfavorable
what is intellectual stimulation
arousing followers thoughts and imaginations as well as stimulating their ability to identify and solve problems creatively
leadership is a(an) ______ and a ______
art and science
what are characteristics of effective followers
assume responsibility for one's own job security and development, balance the courage to serve with the courage to challenge, support organization goals
what is self-confidence
assurance in ones own judgments, decision making, ideas, and capabilities
are values or attitudes easier to change
attitudes
what is love as feelings
attraction, fascination, and caring for people and work
what are the four types of leadership continuum
authoritarian management, participative management, stewardship, servant leadership
what style of leadership does a leader in quadrant A use
authoritative
what is it called when there is high concern for results and low concern for people
authority-compliance management
being ____ and _____ are powerful ways to better lead yourself and ultimately others
aware and mindful
what theories were in era 2 of leadership
behavior theories, contingency theories
what are two particularly damaging blind spot
being a jerk, being too nice
what is empathy
being able to put yourself in someone elses shoes
what is self-awareness
being conscious of the internal aspects of ones nature, such as personality traits, emotions, values, attitudes, and perceptions, and appreciating how your patterns affect other people
what is the great man theories
belief that leaders were born with certain heroic leadership traits, qualities, and abilities
what are end values
beliefs about the kinds of goals or outcomes that are worth trying to pursue (ex. security, good health)
what are instrumental values
beliefs about the types of behaviors that are appropriate for reaching goals (ex. being honest)
how can you find moral courage
believe in a higher purpose, draw strength from others, harness frustration and anger, develop your skills
what is mindlessness
blindly accepting rules and labels created by others
what is the new paradigm leader
change manager, facilitator, collaborator, diversity promoter, humble
in a world of rapid and discontinuous change, the greatest factor determining the success of leaders and organizations may be the ability to ____________
change or expand one's mental model
what are blind spots
characteristics or habits that people are not aware of or don't recognize as problems but which limit their effectiveness and hinder their career success
what are the topics of study in influence theories
charismatic leadership, organizational culture, leadership vision
what are the three qualities of personal mastery
clarity of mind, clarity of objectives, organizing to achieve objectives
what are the 3 parts of attitude
cognitions (thoughts), affect (feelings), behavior
what style of leadership do leaders in quadrant B typically use
conservative
what are the two categories of leader behavior according to the ohio state studies
consideration, initiating structure
what is it called when there is low concern for results and high concern for people
country club management
what is tell courage
courage to speak up and to avoid defensiveness and avoiding blame
what is try courage
courage to take initiative rather than play it safe
what is trust courage
courage to trust and rely on others
what is the right hemisphere of the brain associated with
creativity
what kind of culture does leadership create
culture of agility and integrity
what kind of culture does management create
culture of efficiency
what is the most important aspect of inspirational leadership
dare to be different
what is locus of control
defines whether a person places the primary responsibility for what happens to him or her within himself/herself or on outside forces
what are the 3 factors that influence if internal or external attributions will be made
distinctivness, consistency, consensus
what is moral leadership
distinguishing right from wrong and doing right
what is emotional contagion
emotions are contagious
what is whistleblowing
employee disclosure of illegal, immoral, or unethical practices in the organization
what were the two types of leadership behavior established by the university of michigan
employee-centered, job-centered
what is one of the best ways to develop a global mindset
engage with people from different cultures
what are perceptual distortions
errors in judgment that arise from inaccuracies in the perceptual process
what are four popular myths about leadership
everyone can be a leader, leaders deliver business results, people who get to the top are leaders, leaders are great coaches
what are the influence theories
examine influence processes between leaders and followers- leaders influence people to change by providing an inspiring vision of the future and shaping the culture and values needed to attain it
what are the four themes common in leadership definitions
exercise of influence, group context, collaboration, followership
what are people who believe outside forces determine what happens to them
externals
what dimension of the big five personality dimensions includes dominance
extroversion
what are the big five personality dimensions
five general dimensions that describe personality: extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience
what are the relational theories
focus on how leaders and followers interact- leadership is a relational process that engages all participants
what do you need in order to be a leader
followers
what is love as motivaton
force within that enables people to feel alive, connected, energized
what are values
fundamental beliefs that an individual considers to be important, that are relatively stable over time, and that have an impact on attitudes and behaviors
how can you change from behavior flaws of executives
gather feedback, apologize and try to fix your flaws
what is representative redescription
give your message in more than one way
what is practicing tough empathy
giving people what they need, not what they want
what is agile leadership
giving up control in the traditional sense and encouraging the growth and development of others to ensure organizational flexibility and responsiveness
what theories were in era 1 of leadership
great man theories, trait theories
what was the name of era 1 of leadership
great person leadership
you should lead with _____ and _____
head and heart
what do spindle cells do
help us make decisions and help us gauge if someone is right or wrong for a job
what is clarity of objectives
helps leaders focus on the end result, the vision or dream that motivates them and their team or organization
why was Abraham Lincoln a successful leader
high emotional intelligence
what is drive
high motivation that creates a high effort level by a leader
what is cognitive style
how a person perceives, processes, interprets, and uses information
what do the most successful leaders lead with
humility
what is it called when there is low concern for results and low concern for people
impoverished management
in what areas can leaders expand their mental models
independent thinking, openmindedness, systems thinking, personal mastery
what theories were in era 3 of leadership
influence theories
what are the key elements of leadership
influence, intention, personal responsibility and integrity, change, shared purpose, followers, influence
what is the financial basis of today's economy becoming
information
what is an in-group relationship according to the VDL model
insiders that are highly trusted and may obtain special privileges
what is the key to successful leadership
interdependence
WHAT ARE PeoPLE WHO BELIEVE THEIR ACTIONS DETERMINE WHAT HAPPENS TO THEM CALLED
internals
what is the most important facet of leadership effectiveness according to the relational theories
interpersonal relationships
what four different pairs of attributes does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator use
introversion versus extroversion, sensing versus intuition, thinking versus feeling, judging versus perceiving
what are attributions
judgments about what caused a person's behavior- either characteristics of the person or of the situation
does a leader or manager focus on vision
leader
what is a whole leader
leader who leads with both head and heart
what is the difference between a manager and a leader
leaders always look for change, managers want to keep everything the same
what are contingency theories
leaders can analyze their situations and tailor their behavior to improve leadership effectiveness
what is the partnership building stage of individualized leadership
leaders can reach out to create a positive exchange with every subordinate. doing so increases performance
why do we need leadership
leaders create vision and define purpose, and influence followers to move towards the vision
what is window-mirror paradigm
leaders of great organization looked out the window when things went well (give credit to team) and looked in mirror when things were not doing great (take responsibility)
what is the vertical dyad linkage stage of individualized leadership
leaders' behaviors and traits have different effects across followers, creating in-groups and out-groups
what is job centered leadership in the university of michigan studies on leader behavior
leadership behavior in which leaders direct activities toward efficiency, cost-cutting, and scheduling, with an emphasis on goals and work facilitation
what is servant leadership
leadership in which the leader transcends self-interest to serve the needs of others, help others grow, and provide opportunities for others to gain materially and emotionally
what is the leader-member exchange stage of individualized leadership
leadership is individualized for each subordinate. each dyad involves a unique exchange independent of other dyads
should leaders be more or less authoritarian
less
what is competence
limited and quantifiable
what are two specific personality attributes that have a significant impact on behavior and are thus of particular interest for leadership studies
locus of control, authoritarianism
what is peripheral vision
look at the organization through a wide-angle lens rather than a telephoto lens
what is love as actions
love is something you do, the sacrifices you make and the giving yourself to others
leaders should lead with _____ and not with _____
love, fear
how does leadership and management differ in personal qualities
management focuses on emotional distance, leadership focuses on emotional connections
how does leadership and management differ in outcomes
management focuses on maintaining stability, leadership focuses on creating change
how does leadership and management differ in relationships
management invest in goods, leadership invests in people
how does leadership and management differ in alignment
management organizes and staffs, leadership creates shared culture and values
how does leadership and management differ in direction
management plans and budgets, leadership creates vision and strategy
why are leaders facing challenges they couldn't imagine a few years ago
massive changes in the world
what is an out-group relationship according to the VDL model
members of the group who did not experience a sense of trust and extra consideration
what is it called when there is medium concerned for people and medium concern for results
middle-of-the-road management
what are the three elements that lead to effective leadership
mind, heart, spirit
leadership is a _____ not a _____
mindset, position
how can leaders turn a blind eye to unethical behavior
most managers have a natural inclination to protect their organizations
what is fear based motivation
motivation based on fear of losing a job
what is love based motivation
motivation based on feeling valued in the job
who created the whole brain concept
ned herrmann
do negative or positive emotions spread faster
negative
can leadership replace management
no
can you have both employee-centered leadership and job-centered leadership
no
do good leaders guarantee good followership
no
does effective followership equate to "brown-nosing" or being a "yes man/woman"
no
can everyone be a leader
no, people may not want to be a leader
is an individual who achieves excellence as a scientist or athlete a leader
no- they have no followers
do leaders deliver business results
not always
are people who get to the top leaders
not necessarily
what are the three types of leadership roles
operational role, collaborative role, advisory role
what are a few traits typically considered highly important for leadership
optimism, self-confidence, honesty and integrity, drive
what type of leader is someone who believes in theory y
people oriented but could be task oriented
what are the two predominate types of leadership from the research into behavior approach
people-oriented and task-oriented
what were the two leadership behaviors created resulting from the University of Michigan, Ohio State, and Texas studies
people-oriented, task-oriented
what are the five fatal flaws that cause derailment
performance problems, problems with relationships, difficulty changing, difficulty building and leading a team, too narrow management experience
what causes the differences in which we interpret phenomena
personality, attitudes, values
what influences leader perceptions
personality, values, attitudes, cognitive style
how can you learn to be a leader
practice acts of leadership in your everyday life, emulate successful leaders, find a mentor to provide feedback, complete a leadership course to improve skills, work to develop personal traits of empathy and patience
what are the three levels of personal moral development
preconventional, conventional, postconventional
what is the left hemisphere of the brain associated with
problem solving
what is organizational leadership
process of influencing the ideas, beliefs, values, capabilities, and behaviors of others toward accomplishing organizational goals and/or visions
what four basic precepts are involved with servant leadership
put service before self-interest, listen first to affirm others, inspire trust by being trustworthy, nourish others and help them become whole
what is independent thinking
questioning assumptions and interpreting data and events according to one's own beliefs, ideas, and thinking rather than preestablished rules or categories defined by others
are leaders great coaches
rarely
what was the name of era 2 of leadership
rational management
is leadership passive or reciprocal
reciprocal
what theories were in era 4 of leadership
relational theories, level 5 leadership
leadership is a _____
relationship
what type of leaders are theory y leaders
relationship
why is followership important
required for the implementation of goals and vision, associated with LMX and in-groups versus out group formation
what extra qualities are needed in order to inspirational leaders to separate themselves from generic leaders
reveal your weaknesses, become a sensor, practice tough empathy, dare to be different
what is an internal attribution
says characteristics of the person led to the behavior (ex. my subordinate missed the deadline because he's lazy and incompetent)
what is an external attribution
says something about the situation caused the persons behavior (ex. my subordinate missed the deadline because he didn't have the team support)
what is the most important capability for leaders to develop
self-awareness
what are the best safeguards against projection
self-awareness and empathy
what are the components of emotional intelligence
self-awareness, social awareness, self-management, relationship management
what tempers how leaders see others and their environments
self-concept
what is self-confidence related to
self-efficacy
how does leadership differ from management
separate process, but not necessarily separate people in separate roles
what type of leadership is leadership upside down
servant leadership
how can leaders overcome barriers to success
showing dependence
what is another name for contingency theories
situational theories
what is one tip for introverts
smile
what is the old paradigm leader
stabilizer, controller, competitor, diversity avoider, hero
what are common perceptual distortions
stereotyping, the halo effect, projection, perceptual defense
what are the behavior theories
study on how effective leaders differ in their behavior from ineffective ones
what is the trait theories
studying traits or characteristics that define leaders
what are level 5 leaders
take blame for team failures and give all credit to group when there is success- show humility
how can you enhance emotional intelligence
take responsibility for your life, take a course in public speaking, practice mediation or yoga
what is one tip for extroverts
talk less, listen more
what type of leaders are theory x leaders
task
what type of leader is someone who believes in theory x
task oriented
what is it called when there is high concern for results and high concern for people
team management
what was the name of era 3 of leadership
team or lateral leadership
what is another name for end values
terminal values
what is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
test that measures how individuals differ in gathering and evaluating information for solving problems and making decisions
what is a global mindset
the ability of managers to appreciate and influence individuals, groups, organizations, and systems that represent different social, cultural, political, institutional, intellectual, or psychological characteristics
what is systematic thinking
the ability to see the synergy of the whole rather than just the separate elements of a system and to learn to reinforce or change whole system patterns
what is theory x
the assumption that people are basically lazy and not motivated to work and that they have a natural tendency to avoid responsibility
what is theory y
the assumption that people do not inherently dislike work and will commit themselves willingly to work that they care about
what is management
the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling organizational resources
what is authoritarianism
the belief that power and status differences should exist in an organization
what is openness to experience
the degree to which a person has a broad range of interests and is imaginative, creative, and willing to consider new ideas
what is agreeableness
the degree to which a person is able to get along with others by being good-natured, cooperative, forgiving, compassionate, understanding, and trusting
what is extroversion
the degree to which a person is outgoing, sociable, talkative, and comfortable meeting and talking to new people
what is conscientiousness
the degree to which a person is responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented
what is emotional stability
the degree to which a person is well adjusted, calm, and secure
what is personal mastery
the discipline of mastering yourself
what are traits
the distinguishing personal characteristics of a leader, such as intelligence, honesty, self-confidence, and appearance
what is consideration in the ohio state studies on leader behavior
the extent to which a leader is sensitive to subordinates, respects their ideas and feelings, and establishes mutual trust
what is the initiating structure in the ohio state studies on leader behavior
the extent to which a leader is task oriented and directs subordinates work activities toward goal center achievement
what is the preconventional level of personal moral development
the level of personal moral development in which individuals are egocentric and concerned with receiving external rewards and avoiding punishments
what is the postconventional level of personal moral development
the level of personal moral development in which leaders are guided by an internalized set of principles universally recognized as right
what is the conventional level of personal moral development
the level of personal moral development in which people learn to conform to the expectations of good behavior as defined by colleagues, family, friends and society
what is courage
the mental and moral strength to engage in, persevere through, and withstand danger, difficulty, or fear
what is quadrant D in the whole brain concept and what is the name for this part of the brain
the part of the brain associated in the whole brain model with conceptualizing, synthesizing, and integrating facts and patters (artist)
what is quadrant C in the whole brain concept and what is the name for this part of the brain
the part of the brain associated in the whole brain model with interpersonal relationships and intuitive and emotional thought processes (teacher part of brain)
what is quadrant A in the whole brain concept and what is the name for this part of the brain
the part of the brain associated in the whole brain model with logical thinking, analysis of facts, and processing numbers (scientist part of brain)
what is quadrant B in the whole brain concept and what is the name for this part of the brain
the part of the brain associated in the whole brain model with planning, organizing facts, and careful detailed review (manager part of brain)
what is capacity
the potential each of us has to be more than we are now
what is perception
the process people use to make sense out of the environment by selecting, organizing, and interpreting information
what is integrity
the quality of being whole and integrated and acting in accordance with solid ethical principles
what is the primary factor determining the level of fear experienced at work
the relationship between an employee and his or her direct supervisor
what is personality
the set of unseen characteristics and processes that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas, objects, and people in the environment
what is the Abilene Paradox
the tendency of people to resist voicing their true thoughts or feelings in order to please others and avoid conflict
what is stereotyping
the tendency to assign an individual to a broad category and then attribute generalizations about the group to the individual
what is self-serving bias
the tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors on one's successes and the influence of external factors on one's failures
what is perceptual defense
the tendency to protect oneself by disregarding ideas, situations, or people that are unpleasant
what is projection
the tendency to see ones own personal traits in other people
what is the fundamental attribution error
the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors on another's behavior and overestimate the influence of internal factors
what is a mental model
theories people hold about specific systems in the world and their expected behaviors
what are the two preferences that seem to be more strongly associated with successful leadership in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
thinking and judging
who created the great man approach
thomas carlyle
what are the two significant relational theories
tranformational leadership, servant leadership
what is honesty
truthfulness and nondeception
what are the three types of courage
try, trust, tell
how can leaders learn to work more effectively with different personality types
understand your own personality and how you react to others, treat everyone with respect, acknowledge each persons strengths, strive for understanding
how do you determine an individuals preference for each of the four styles in the whole brain concept
use a survey called the herrmann brain dominance instrument
what helps determine the attitudes leaders display
values
what are the stages of development of individualized leadership
vertical dyad linkage, leader-member exchange, partnership building
what are four characteristics considered highly important to entrepreneurial leaders
vision and dissatisfaction of the present; ability to get people on board; flexibility, openness to feedback, and ability to learn and adapt; persistence and execution
what is the pike syndrome
when people assume they have complete knowledge of a situation because of a past experience
what are mirror neurons
when we consciously or unconsciously detect someone else's emotions through their actions, our mirror neurons reproduce those emotions
what is the single most important factor in ethical decision making in organizations
whether leaders show a commitment to ethics in their talk and especially their behavior
what are behavior flaws of executives
winning at all costs and in all situations, clinging to the past, never being able to say you're sorry
what is managing upward
working with (rather than against) the leader's style and goals
can leadership be learned
yes
can you have both a consideration style of leadership and an initiating structure style of leadership
yes