Lecture 11 Viruses

The protein shell that surrounds the genome of a virus particle a. Capsid b. Capsomer c. Nucleocapsid d. Enveloped virus

Capsid

Subunit of capsid a. Capsid b. Capsomer c. Nucleocapsid d. Enveloped virus

Capsomer

Bacteriorphage T4 infects ____. a. mice b. humans c. E. coli

E. coli

Amoebic dysentary is caused by _______. a. Trichodesmium b. Entaboeba histolytica c. Giardia

Entaboeba histolytica

______ of the virion or its nucleic acid a. Attachment b. Entry c. Synthesis d. Assembly e. Release

Entry

Virus that contains additional layers around the nucleocap: a. Capsid b. Capsomer c. Nucleocapsid d. Enveloped virus

Enveloped virus

Which of the following is an organism that causes red tide in Florida? a. Symbiodinium b. Karenia brevis c. Pfiesteria piscicida

Karenia brevis

____ are a unicellular fungus that are parasites. They often infect AIDS patients. a. Slime molds b. Rhizopus c. Microsporidia

Microsporidia

Complete complex of nucleic acid and protein packaged in the virion: a. Capsid b. Capsomer c. Nucleocapsid d. Enveloped virus

Nucleocaspid

A very common example of a ciliated Alveolate is ______. a. Euglena b. Nitrobacter c. Paramecium

Paramecium

Which alveolate is vectored by mosquitos? a. Toxoplasma gondii b. Plasmodium falciparum c. Trypanosoma brucei

Plasmodium falciparum

______ of virus nucleic acid and protein by cell metabolism as redirected by virus. a. Attachment b. Entry c. Synthesis d. Assembly e. Release

Synthesis

Which Apicomplexan includes cats as an intermediate host? a. Gymnamoebas b. Cyclospora c. Toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii

_________ indicates that the virus infection will cause the conversion of a normal cell into a tumor cell. a. Latent b. Persistent c. Transformation

Transformation

Which of the following has a hydrogenosome and can be found infecting the vagina? a. Giardia b. Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomonas vaginalis

As animal viruses leave host cell, they can remove part of host cell's lipid bilayer for their envelope a. True b. False

True

Viral genomes can be either DNA or RNA. a. True b. False

True

Which of the following is the causitive agent of African sleeping sickness? a. Trichomonas vaginalis b. Euglena c. Trypanosoma brucei

Trypanosoma brucei

A common human fungal disease is: a. amoebic dysentary b. athlete's foot c. sleeping sickness

athlete's foot

Within the bacteriophage T4 genome, we can categorize all of the genes as those that code for ___________ proteins. a. close and far b. timely and punctual c. early, middle, late

early, middle, late

The latent period includes both the ___ and ___ phases. a. eclipse and latent b. eclipse and maturation c. latent and release

eclipse and maturation

Viruses are grouped based on the ______. a. genome type they have. b. hosts they infect.

hosts they infect

Red algae get their color from _____. a. phycoerythrin b. chlorophyll r

phycoerythrin

Once inside the host cell, a virus must quickly make it's virus-specific ____ . a. amino acids b. proteins

proteins

Gymnamoebas use _____ for movement and feeding. a. pseudopodia b. feet c. slime

pseudopodia

The hydrogenosome lacks the citric acid cycle enzymes, lacks the electron transport chain, and it usually doesn't have a genome within it like mitochondria. But it does oxidize _____ to H2, carbon dioxide and acetate. a. glucose b. ubiquinone c. pyruvate

pyruvate

Viruses are very specific regarding the type of cell they can infect. Surface _____ on the surface of the host cell must be complementary to the virus. a. transporters b. walls c. receptors

receptors

Bacterial cells have defense mechanisms to avoid immune system attack. One system is called the ______ system. a. duck and run b. hide and seek c. restriction-modification

restriction-modification

Red algae are called ____. a. chlorophytes b. rhodophytes

rhodophytes

There are two groups of _______: plasmodial and celluar. a. fungi b. radiolarians c. slime molds

slime molds

One trait that all Alveolates have in common is: a. cilia b. vector transmission c. small sacs under the cytoplasmic membrane

small sacs under the cytoplasmic membrane

Icosahedral symmetry are ____ viruses. a. linear shaped b. rod shaped c. spherical shaped

spherical shaped

____ are infectious proteins. a. Prions b. Viruses

Prions

______ of virions. a. Attachment b. Entry c. Synthesis d. Assembly e. Release

Release

______________ is an enzyme that allows DNA to be constructed from RNA. a. Retrotranscriptase a. Reverse transcriptase

Reverse transcriptase

The gold standard for determining taxonomic relationship among eukaryotes is the ____. a. 18S rRNA b. 16S rRNA

18S rRNA

Which organelles specialize in chemotrophic energy metabolism?

=>Hydrogenosome =>Mitochondrion

Enzymes that help viruses infect a cell:

=>Neuraminadases =>Nucleic acid polymerases =>Lysozyme

_______ and _______ need RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in order to make RNA

=>a virus with a double stranded RNA genome =>a virus with a negative stranded RNA genome

In order to package replicated genome into new virions, the first step is to pump the genome into a new head using ____. a. ATP b. proton motive force

ATP

______ of capsids and packaging of viral genomes into new virions (maturation). a. Attachment b. Entry c. Synthesis d. Assembly e. Release

Assembly

______ of the virus to a susceptible host cell a. Attachment b. Entry c. Synthesis d. Assembly e. Release

Attachment

Euglenids are pathogenic. a. True b. False

False

When a virus is in the temperate mode, it means that the host cell will be lysed and killed when the new virions exit the cell. a. True b. False

False

Which of the following is a representative Diplomonad that is the cause of a common waterborne disease? a. Giardia b. Trichomonas

Giardia

___ is an example of an enveloped virus. a. Influenza b. Borrelia burgdorferi

Influenza

An example of a green algae is _____. a. Volvox b. rhodophytes

Volvox

____ refers to the fact that there can be many virus genomes where the genes are arranged in a different order a. circular permutation b. circular DNA

circular permutation

A common way to quantify viruses is to use a plague assay. A plaque is a ____. a. titer b. clear zone within a solid lawn of bacterial cells

clear zone within a solid lawn of bacterial cells

Fungi are composed of a network of _____. a. hyphae b. fruiting bodies c. conidia

hyphae

A ____ is a mass of DNA found within a large mitochondrion a. kinetoplastid b. hydrogenosome

kinetoplastid

A virus that is mRNA + (sense or positive) has a single-stranded RNA genome that is in ________ orientation as its mRNA. a. the same b. a different

the same

Which of the following is the vector of Trypanosoma brucei? a. tick b. tsetse fly c. mosquito

tsetse fly

The ___ is the infectious virus particle that includes nucleic acid genome and protein coat. a. virus b. virion

virion