Lecture 11 Viruses
The protein shell that surrounds the genome of a virus particle a. Capsid b. Capsomer c. Nucleocapsid d. Enveloped virus
Capsid
Subunit of capsid a. Capsid b. Capsomer c. Nucleocapsid d. Enveloped virus
Capsomer
Bacteriorphage T4 infects ____. a. mice b. humans c. E. coli
E. coli
Amoebic dysentary is caused by _______. a. Trichodesmium b. Entaboeba histolytica c. Giardia
Entaboeba histolytica
______ of the virion or its nucleic acid a. Attachment b. Entry c. Synthesis d. Assembly e. Release
Entry
Virus that contains additional layers around the nucleocap: a. Capsid b. Capsomer c. Nucleocapsid d. Enveloped virus
Enveloped virus
Which of the following is an organism that causes red tide in Florida? a. Symbiodinium b. Karenia brevis c. Pfiesteria piscicida
Karenia brevis
____ are a unicellular fungus that are parasites. They often infect AIDS patients. a. Slime molds b. Rhizopus c. Microsporidia
Microsporidia
Complete complex of nucleic acid and protein packaged in the virion: a. Capsid b. Capsomer c. Nucleocapsid d. Enveloped virus
Nucleocaspid
A very common example of a ciliated Alveolate is ______. a. Euglena b. Nitrobacter c. Paramecium
Paramecium
Which alveolate is vectored by mosquitos? a. Toxoplasma gondii b. Plasmodium falciparum c. Trypanosoma brucei
Plasmodium falciparum
______ of virus nucleic acid and protein by cell metabolism as redirected by virus. a. Attachment b. Entry c. Synthesis d. Assembly e. Release
Synthesis
Which Apicomplexan includes cats as an intermediate host? a. Gymnamoebas b. Cyclospora c. Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasma gondii
_________ indicates that the virus infection will cause the conversion of a normal cell into a tumor cell. a. Latent b. Persistent c. Transformation
Transformation
Which of the following has a hydrogenosome and can be found infecting the vagina? a. Giardia b. Trichomonas vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis
As animal viruses leave host cell, they can remove part of host cell's lipid bilayer for their envelope a. True b. False
True
Viral genomes can be either DNA or RNA. a. True b. False
True
Which of the following is the causitive agent of African sleeping sickness? a. Trichomonas vaginalis b. Euglena c. Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma brucei
A common human fungal disease is: a. amoebic dysentary b. athlete's foot c. sleeping sickness
athlete's foot
Within the bacteriophage T4 genome, we can categorize all of the genes as those that code for ___________ proteins. a. close and far b. timely and punctual c. early, middle, late
early, middle, late
The latent period includes both the ___ and ___ phases. a. eclipse and latent b. eclipse and maturation c. latent and release
eclipse and maturation
Viruses are grouped based on the ______. a. genome type they have. b. hosts they infect.
hosts they infect
Red algae get their color from _____. a. phycoerythrin b. chlorophyll r
phycoerythrin
Once inside the host cell, a virus must quickly make it's virus-specific ____ . a. amino acids b. proteins
proteins
Gymnamoebas use _____ for movement and feeding. a. pseudopodia b. feet c. slime
pseudopodia
The hydrogenosome lacks the citric acid cycle enzymes, lacks the electron transport chain, and it usually doesn't have a genome within it like mitochondria. But it does oxidize _____ to H2, carbon dioxide and acetate. a. glucose b. ubiquinone c. pyruvate
pyruvate
Viruses are very specific regarding the type of cell they can infect. Surface _____ on the surface of the host cell must be complementary to the virus. a. transporters b. walls c. receptors
receptors
Bacterial cells have defense mechanisms to avoid immune system attack. One system is called the ______ system. a. duck and run b. hide and seek c. restriction-modification
restriction-modification
Red algae are called ____. a. chlorophytes b. rhodophytes
rhodophytes
There are two groups of _______: plasmodial and celluar. a. fungi b. radiolarians c. slime molds
slime molds
One trait that all Alveolates have in common is: a. cilia b. vector transmission c. small sacs under the cytoplasmic membrane
small sacs under the cytoplasmic membrane
Icosahedral symmetry are ____ viruses. a. linear shaped b. rod shaped c. spherical shaped
spherical shaped
____ are infectious proteins. a. Prions b. Viruses
Prions
______ of virions. a. Attachment b. Entry c. Synthesis d. Assembly e. Release
Release
______________ is an enzyme that allows DNA to be constructed from RNA. a. Retrotranscriptase a. Reverse transcriptase
Reverse transcriptase
The gold standard for determining taxonomic relationship among eukaryotes is the ____. a. 18S rRNA b. 16S rRNA
18S rRNA
Which organelles specialize in chemotrophic energy metabolism?
=>Hydrogenosome =>Mitochondrion
Enzymes that help viruses infect a cell:
=>Neuraminadases =>Nucleic acid polymerases =>Lysozyme
_______ and _______ need RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in order to make RNA
=>a virus with a double stranded RNA genome =>a virus with a negative stranded RNA genome
In order to package replicated genome into new virions, the first step is to pump the genome into a new head using ____. a. ATP b. proton motive force
ATP
______ of capsids and packaging of viral genomes into new virions (maturation). a. Attachment b. Entry c. Synthesis d. Assembly e. Release
Assembly
______ of the virus to a susceptible host cell a. Attachment b. Entry c. Synthesis d. Assembly e. Release
Attachment
Euglenids are pathogenic. a. True b. False
False
When a virus is in the temperate mode, it means that the host cell will be lysed and killed when the new virions exit the cell. a. True b. False
False
Which of the following is a representative Diplomonad that is the cause of a common waterborne disease? a. Giardia b. Trichomonas
Giardia
___ is an example of an enveloped virus. a. Influenza b. Borrelia burgdorferi
Influenza
An example of a green algae is _____. a. Volvox b. rhodophytes
Volvox
____ refers to the fact that there can be many virus genomes where the genes are arranged in a different order a. circular permutation b. circular DNA
circular permutation
A common way to quantify viruses is to use a plague assay. A plaque is a ____. a. titer b. clear zone within a solid lawn of bacterial cells
clear zone within a solid lawn of bacterial cells
Fungi are composed of a network of _____. a. hyphae b. fruiting bodies c. conidia
hyphae
A ____ is a mass of DNA found within a large mitochondrion a. kinetoplastid b. hydrogenosome
kinetoplastid
A virus that is mRNA + (sense or positive) has a single-stranded RNA genome that is in ________ orientation as its mRNA. a. the same b. a different
the same
Which of the following is the vector of Trypanosoma brucei? a. tick b. tsetse fly c. mosquito
tsetse fly
The ___ is the infectious virus particle that includes nucleic acid genome and protein coat. a. virus b. virion
virion