Lecture Test 4 - Questions from reviews and quizzes
capsid
A _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus.
Dane particles
A clinical feature of the Hepatitis B virus is
Burkitt's lymphoma
A common cardiovascular/lymph system disease in AIDS patients is
Kaposi's sarcoma
A frequent cancer that is seen in AIDS patients is
nucleocapsid
A naked virus only has a(n)
provirus
A retrovirus genome, which integrates into the host chromosome is called a
false
A specific animal virus has the ability to attach to and enter almost any animal host cell. True or False
norovirus and the rotavirus group
Acute viral gastroenteritis can be caused by the
Children in developing countries
Acute viral gastroenteritis is the leading cause of death in
reduces the healing time
Acyclovir is the drug used to treat genital herpes; it
true
Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in yellow fever and dengue fever. TRUE OR FALSE
true
Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in yellow fever and dengue fever. True or False
virus is only shed from active lesions
All of the following are true for HSV-2 except
are not common in the United States
All of the following pertain to genital warts, except: A. are not common in the United States B. are sexually transmitted C. often occur on the penis, vagina, and cervix D. includes large cauliflower-like masses called condylomata acuminata E. certain strains strongly predispose a person to cancer of the cervix or penis
it is transmitted by direct contact with the rash
All of the following pertain to measles (rubeola) except A. transmitted by direct contact with the rash B. humans are the only reservoir for the pathogen C. secondary bacterial otitis media and sinusitis occur D. involves a fatal complication called subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) E. dry cough, sore throat, fever, conjunctivitis are symptoms
Highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States
All of the following pertain to patients with AIDS except A. Have an immunodeficiency B. Have CD4 T-cell titers below 200 cells/mm3 of blood C. Get repeated, life-threatening opportunistic infections D. Can get unusual cancers and neurological disorders E. Highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States
summer outbreaks in the United States have been increasing recently
All of the following pertain to poliomyelitis except
Located between the capsid and nucleic acid
All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except A. Gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane B. Gained as a virus leaves the nuclear membrane C. Contain special virus proteins D. Help the virus particle attach to host cells E. Located between the capsid and nucleic acid
all
Animal viruses are classified according to which of the following characteristics A. genetic relatedness B. nature of the genome C. Shape of the virus D. all of the choices are correct
A
Antigenic variation occurs almost yearly with the influenza ________ virus.
false
Antiviral drugs are frequently used for the treatment of infectious mononucleosis. TRUE OR FALSE
true
Available evidence is consistent with the proposal that prion diseases are caused by infectious proteins. TRUE or FALSE
false
Bacteriophages do not undergo adsorption to specific host cell receptors prior to penetration. True or False
Negri bodies
Characteristic inclusion bodies formed in cells of organisms infected with Rabies are called
varicella
Chickenpox is caused by the ________ virus.
biochemical reactions
Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except A. Type of nucleic acid B. Type of capsid C. Presence of an envelope D. Biochemical reactions E. Number of strands in the nucleic acid
droplet contact and indirect contact
Cold viruses are transmitted by
of the antigenic diversity of the rhinoviruses and the lack of long-lasting immunity
Colds are common because
HA protein
Consider the possibility of a mutation in a strain of avian influenza virus which enables the bird-specific strain to readily infect humans. Such a mutation would result in changes within the _____________.
all
Control measures for hepatitis B include A. excluding contact with contaminated materials. B. passive immunotherapy within 7 days of exposure. C. vaccination of high-risk groups. D. All choices are correct.
A spongiform encephalopathy of humans
Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is
a rise in neutralizing antibody in a patient's serum
Diagnosis of West Nile virus infection is through detection of
unprotected sexual intercourse and contact with blood/blood products
Documented transmission of HIV involves
host DNA
During lysogeny, an inactive prophage state occurs when the viral DNA is inserted into the
false
Each virus is assigned to genus status based on its host, target tissue and type of disease it causes. True or False
coma, convulsions, and paralysis in severe cases
Encephalitis caused by arboviruses involves
virus
Encephalitis is most commonly caused by a
true
Enveloped viruses may enter their host cells by fusion of their envelope with the cytoplasmic membrane, thereby depositing their nucleocapsid within the cell. TRUE OR FALSE
all
Fifth disease A. has a maculopapular rash that lasts for days to weeks. B. is a childhood febrile disease with a bright red rash on the cheeks. C. cannot be prevented at this time with vaccination. D. is caused by Parvovirus B19. E. All of the choices are correct.
viral attachment sites AND cell surface receptors
For a virus to attach to a host cell _____________ and _____________ are required.
rubella
German Measles is caused by the _____________ virus.
factors that bind to host cells
Glycoprotein spikes protruding from the outer surface of viral envelopes function as
macrophages AND T helper cells
HIV adversely affects
T helper cells
HIV attacks a variety of cell types but the most critical are
blood, semen AND vaginal secretions
HIV may be present in
CD4
HIV typically attaches to
capsid
Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus ____________.
fecal/oral contamination of food
Hepatitis B virus may be transmitted by all the following methods except A. Sexual activity B. Contaminated body fluids C. Contaminated blood D. fecal/oral contamination of food
all
Hepatitis B virus: A. is principally transmitted by blood. B. transmission risks include shared needles, anal intercourse, and heterosexual intercourse. C. is transmitted to the newborn from chronic carrier mothers. D. has many chronic carriers. E. All of the choices are correct.
true
Hepatitis can be caused by cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus as well as by the hepatitis viruses. True or False
true
Herpes keratitis is an infection of the eye. True of False
all
Herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) causes: A. genital lesions. B. intensely sensitive vesicles on or near the genitals. C. symptoms that include urethritis, cervicitis, and itching. D. infection in neonates that have contact with lesions in the birth canal. E. All of the choices are correct.
false - double stranded DNA WITH envelope
Herpesviruses are double-stranded, nonenveloped DNA viruses. True of False
false
Herpesviruses are double-stranded, nonenveloped DNA viruses. True or False
all
Host cells of viruses include A. Human and other animals B. Plants and fungi C. Bacteria D. Protozoa and algae E. All of the choices are correct
all
Host cells of viruses include: A. Human and other animals B. Plants and fungi C. Bacteria D. Protozoa and algae E. All of the choices are correct
Type of host cell receptors on cell membrane
Host range is limited by
it is a very rare form of herpesvirus
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has the following characteristics except A. a rash appears on the fourth day. B. causes roseola in infants and young children. C. starts with a high fever. D. it is a very rare form of herpesvirus. E. appears as a mononucleosis-like illness in adults.
the bite of an infected mosquito
Humans acquire the arbovirus that causes epidemic encephalitis by
chickenpox
If a person who has never been infected with the varicella zoster virus comes in contact with a person who has shingles, the first person will come down with
persistant
In a ___________ infection the virus reproduces slowly causing chronic symptoms for a long time.
latent
In a ___________ infection, the virus quits reproducing and is dormant before becoming active again.
nucleocapsid
In an enveloped virus, the part of the virus including the nucleic acid genome ant the surrounding protein coat, but not the envelope is called the
nucleus, cytoplasm
In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's ________, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's ________.
results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell and can result in major epidemics or pandemics
In influenza virus, antigenic shift
true
In rabies, spasms of muscles for swallowing leads to a fear of water. True or False
Includes DNA from the previous host
In transduction, the viral genome
release
In which of the following stages of the viral infectious cycle do enveloped viruses usually acquire their envelopes? A. Release B. Component biosynthesis C. Assembly D. Penetration
all
In which of the following ways can viruses damage cells? a. formation of inclusion bodies b. lysing lysomers c. stopping cellular transcription and translation d. all of the choices are correct
fecal-oral contamination of food or drink
Infectious hepatitis (hepatitis A) is usually transmitted by
viroids
Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called
prions
Infectious protein particles are called
false
Influenza is predominantly transmitted by the fecal-oral route. True of False
the ability to provide lifelong immunity
Influenza vaccines include all the following except A. Inactivated intramuscular vaccine B. Usually incorporates three different strains C. Attenuated, nasal drops vaccine D. Provides lifelong immunity
antigenic drift, antigenic shift
Influenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins called ________, or ________, a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another influenza virus strain.
herpes simplex
Keratitis is usually caused by
measles
Koplik's spots are small red lesions with a white center that form in the mouth and are associated with ________.
viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome
Lysogeny refers to
Oncoviruses
Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are
involved in the replication of viral nucleic acid
Many of the enzymes found in virus particles are
rubeola
Measles is also known as
false
Most cases of viral gastroenteritis are accompanied by high fevers. True or False
Reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors
Most drugs used to slow the progress of AIDS fall into which of the following categories?
plasma
Most enveloped viruses use the host's _____________ membrane as their envelope source.
false
Mumps causes permanent sterility in young male adults. True of False
paramyxovirus
Mumps is caused by a _____________________.
brain neurons
Negri bodies are produced within ________ of rabies-infected humans
lysis
New, nonenveloped virus release occurs by
false
No cases of the attenuated polio virus reverting to a neurovirulent strain have ever been reported. True of False
endocytosis
Nonenveloped viruses most often gain access to eukaryotic host cells by
measles
Oncogenic viruses include all the following except A. Hepatitis B virus B. Measles virus C. Papillomavirus D. HTLVI and HTLVII viruses E. Epstein-Barr virus
icosahedral
One of the principal capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a(n) _____ capsid.
mumps
Orchitis and epididymitis are seen in young adult males as a complication of
hydrophobia
Painful spasms of the throat triggered by swallowing or the sight of water is called
Chronic latent viruses
Persistent viruses that can reactivate periodically are
oropharynx and intestine
Polio virus initially multiplies in the
all
Prevention and control of rabies includes
domestic animals and humans
Prions are of significance because they cause infections of
false
Prions can be destroyed by autoclaving. TRUE OR FALSE
true
Prophages can be activated into viral replication and enter the lytic cycle. True or False
all
Respiratory syncytial virus A. is highly contagious. B. causes serious disease in infants 6 months old or younger. C. cannot be prevented by vaccination at this time. D. is transmitted through droplet contact and fomite contamination. E. All of the choices are correct.
true
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of global respiratory outbreaks in infants 6 months of age or younger. TRUE OR FALSE
DNA genome
Retroviruses have the following characteristics except
Viral DNA from RNA
Reverse transcriptase synthesizes
associated with congenital transmission causing miscarriage, deafness, and cardiac and mental defects
Rubella is
Dependent on other viruses for replication
Satellite viruses are
all
Smallpox eradication can be attributed to the fact that A. Humans are only host B. WHO vaccination program C. It has obvious clinical features D. All of these are correct
in which fever, prostration, rash, and possible toxemia and shock occur
Smallpox is a disease
true
Spikes are glycoproteins of the virus capsid. True or False
all
Spongiform encephalopathies are
sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, jaundice in some cases
Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include
fever, myalgia, sore throat, cough, and nasal discharge
Symptoms of influenza include
true
TRUE OF FALSE: A fully formed virus that can cause an infection in a host cell is called a virion.
true
TRUE OF FALSE: Enveloped viruses may enter their host cells by engulfment within coated vesicles (endocytosis).
true
TRUE OF FALSE: Prions consist of proteins and have no apparent nucleic acid genome.
true
The Epstein-Barr virus is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis. True or False
vector control
The best defense against arborviruses is
Human Parvovirus B19
The causative agent for Fifth disease is
herpesvirus type 6
The causative agent for Sixth disease (HHV-6) is
Paramyxovirus
The causative organism for mumps is
either DNA or RNA
The core of every virus particle always contains
Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release
The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is
obtained by viral budding or exocytosis
The envelope of enveloped viruses is
neuraminidase
The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is
neuraminidasec
The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is
Injection of only the viral nucleic acid into the host cell
The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is
true
The formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies is associated with cytomegalovirus infection. True or False
protect the viral genetic material and aid in the transfer of the viral genetic material between host cells
The function of the viral protein coat is to
both
The function(s) of the protein spikes that protrude from the viral capsid or envelope is/are A. enzymatic activity B. attachment to host cells C. Both of these D. None of these
hepatitis C
The leading reason for liver transplantation in the United States is ________.
swelling of parotid glands
The main clinical feature of Mumps is:
congenital defects
The main danger of infection with the Rubella virus is
food or water
The main or usual route of transmission of the Polio virus is
food and water
The main route of transmission of the poliovirus is ________.
true
The method of pathogenesis of prions may involve a conformational change in the prion protein (PrP) to an abnormal form. True or False
fecal/oral contamination of food or drink
The mode of transmission of the Hepatitis A virus is:
HBV
The most common cause of liver cancer in the United States is
RSV
The most dangerous cause of respiratory infection is young children is
true
The most likely mode of transmission of the common cold is by hand-to-hand contact between a rhinovirus donor and a susceptible recipient. True or False
PrPc folds appropriately whereas PrPSc does not fold correctly
The most notable difference between PrP C (normal protein) and PrP Sc (prion protein) is
false
The most serious teratogenic effects of intrauterine rubella infection occur if it is acquired during the third trimester. True or False
either DNA or RNA
The nucleic acids carried by viruses usually consist of
false
The only body fluid that can transmit hepatitis B virus is blood. True of False
the oral route
The polio virus usually enters the body through
motor nerve cells
The poliomyelitis virus appears to selectively destroy
inactivated Polio vaccine (IPV) developed by Jonas Salk
The preferred preventative measure for Polio int he United States is
all
The primary purposes of viral cultivation are: A. to isolate and identify viruses in clinical specimens B. to prepare viruses for vaccines C. to do detailed research on viral structure, lifestyle, genetics and effects on host cells D. All of these
true
The primary transmission route for acquiring agents of the common cold is by contact with hands and fomites contaminated with the nasal discharges of an infected person. True of False
true
The primary transmission route for acquiring agents of the common cold is by contact with hands and fomites contaminated with the nasal discharges of an infected person. True or False
saliva
The principal mode of transmission of rabies is through
uncoating
The process of dissolving the envelope and capsid to release the viral nucleic acid is
capsid
The protein coat that surrounds viral nucleic acid is called a/an
all
The rabies virus is transmitted to humans by
an immunological reaction to the virus
The rash associated with German measles is most likely caused by
shingles
The reactivated form of chicken pox is called
Herpes zoster
The reactivated form of chickenpox is called ________.
vaccinia
The smallpox vaccine uses the ________ virus.
tingling or twitching
The symptom at the site of an animal bite that suggests rabies as a possible diagnosis is
retroviridae
The virus which causes AIDS is in the family
true
There are vaccines for immunity to the hepatitis B virus. True or False
rubella
This febrile disease with a rash has a pathogen that can cross the placenta and cause serious fetal damage.
all
Treatment of an animal bite for possible rabies includes
icosahedral or helical
Two major types of symmetry found in viruses include
prions, viroids
Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are the infectious proteins called ________ and the infectious RNA strands called ________.
all
Uncoating of viral nucleic acid A. Does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication B. Involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid C. Occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle D. Occurs before replication E. All of the choices are correct
true
Varicella and herpes zoster are caused by the same virus. True of False
all
Varicella zoster virus (human herpesvirus-3) A. has humans as its reservoir. B. uses the respiratory epithelium as its portal of entry. C. becomes latent in dorsal root ganglia that serve specific dermatomes. D. causes chickenpox and shingles. E. All of the choices are correct.
self assembly
Viral capsids are generally constructed without any outside aid once the subunits have been synthesized. This process is called
all
Viral envelopes are composed of: A. proteins B. carbohydrates C. lipids D. All of the choices are correct
all
Viral nucleic acids include which of the following A. Double stranded DNA B. Single stranded DNA C. Double stranded RNA D. Single stranded RNA E. All of the choices are correct
true
Viral spikes are inserted into the host cell membrane before budding or exocytosis. True or False
Bind viral capsid and envelope together
Viral spikes:
tropisms
Viral tissue specificities are called
10-400 nm
Virion size ranges from
short infectious single stranded RNAs that can infect some plants
Viroids are:
capsomeres
Virus capsids are made from subunits called
host range
Virus morphology does not include which of the following characteristics?
release
Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during
true
Viruses are simple, non-cellular and lack mRNA. True or False
true
Viruses are simple, noncellular, and lack mRNA. True or False
true
Viruses are the most common cause of acute infections that do not result in hospitalization. True or False
false
Viruses are ultramicroscopic because they range in size from 2 mm to 450 mm. True or False
true
Viruses are unable to multiple outside of a host cell. True or False
true
Viruses are used to produce vaccines for prevention of certain viral infections. True or False
Host glycoproteins
Viruses attach to their hosts via
metabolism
Viruses have all the following except A. Definite shape B. Metabolism C. Genes D. Ability to infect host cells E. Ultramicroscopic size
false
Viruses have typical cellular structure like other living organisms. True or False
true
Viruses mutate and some have not been discovered. True or False
latent
Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called
bacteriophages
Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called
cannot be seen through a light microscope
Viruses: A. Cannot be seen in a light microscope B. Are prokaryotic C. Contain 70S ribosomes D. Undergo binary fission E. All of the choices are correct
Pigs can become infected simultaneously with both human, avian, and swine varieties of influenza viruses, providing an opportunity for genetic recombination resulting in antigenic drift
What critical role is often played by pigs in the epidemiology of influenza virus?
Herpesviridae
What family do all herpes viruses fall under? (includes cold sores, chicken pox, genital/keratitis herpes, Sixth disease, mono, & CMV)
Orthomyxoviridae
What family do the Influenza viruses fall under?
parvoviridae
What family does Fifth disease fall under?
Picornaviridae
What family does the common cold (Rhinitis) fall under?
direct contact/air borne
What is the mode of transmission for Fifth disease?
direct contact
What is the mode of transmission for all herpes viruses? (includes cold sores, chicken pox, genital/keratitis herpes, Sixth disease, mono, & CMV)
air borne
What is the mode of transmission for influenza viruses?
direct contact
What is the mode of transmission for the common cold (Rhinitis)?
Opossums lack the appropriate receptor for the rabies virus
What is the most likely reason that bats, raccoons, and foxes readily become infected with the rabies virus, whereas opossums are resistant to infection?
tall fibers
What structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors?
lysogenic conversion
When a bacterium acquires a trait from its temperate phage, it is called
true
When a virus enters a host cell, the viral genes redirect the genetic and metabolic activities of the host cell. True or False
protease inhibitors
Which drugs interfere with the action of an HIV enzyme needed for final assembly and maturation of the virus?
Acyclovir
Which if the following drugs is used to treat Herpes infections such as genital herpes?
all
Which if the following is a mode of transmission for HIV A. contaminated blood B. Sexual contact C. Breastmilk D.All
It predisposes a person for liver cancer
Which is incorrect about hepatitis A infection?
average incubation in human is 1 week
Which is incorrect about rabies?
contains toxiods
Which is incorrect about the MMR immunization?
They infect animal and plant cells only
Which is not true of viruses? A. They can exist in an intracellular or extracellular phase. B. They can be observed with an electron microscope. C. They are acellular. D. They replicate only inside host cells. E. They infect animal and plant cells only.
They cause a degenerative brain condition AND they are a normal brain protein that has folded differently
Which is true about prions?
non-enveloped AND single-stranded RNA
Which is true of the poliomyelitis virus?
fusion inhibitors
Which new class of drugs will interfere with docking onto host cells?
interferon
Which of the following antivirals is not used for treatment of HSV-1 and HSV-2? A. Interferon B. Valacyclovir C. Acyclovir D. Famciclovir E. All of the choices are correct
both
Which of the following are characteristics of orthomyxoviruses? A. airborne transmission B. Type A & B antigenic changes C. Both of these D. None of these
all
Which of the following can stimulate a reactivation of the virus that causes cold sores? A. Emotional stress B. Ultraviolet light C. Physical stress (fever, cold winds, trauma, hormonal changes) D. All of the choices are correct.
the availability if effective antiviral agents that block replication
Which of the following did not play a role in the eradication of smallpox?
Scrapie
Which of the following diseases is caused by prions? A. Scrapie B. Chikungunya C. Ebola/Hemorrhagic Fever E. Equine Encephalitis
all
Which of the following diseases is/are caused by prions? A. mad cow disease, B. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease in humans and C. scrapie disease in sheep D. All of the choices are correct
mosquitos
Which of the following does not transmit the AIDS virus?
Oseltamivir
Which of the following drugs has been shown to reduce the duration and symptoms of influenza? A. Penicillin B. Acyclovir C. Oseltamivir D. AZT
Valcyclovir and acyclovir
Which of the following drugs is (are) effective against cold sores? A. AZT and ddC B. Protease inhibitors such as ritonavir C. Amantadine D. Valcyclovir and acyclovir
relenza
Which of the following drugs is a neuraminidase inhibitor and effective against influenza
eastern equine encephalitis
Which of the following has the highest mortality rate?
Kuru
Which of the following is a disease of humans that is probably caused by a prion and was originally associated with cannibalism?
both
Which of the following is a distinctive feature of any type of Hepatitis? A. Pain in upper right quadrant B. Jaundice C. Both of these D. None of these
yellow fever
Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever?
all
Which of the following is a type of cytopathic effect? A. Inclusions in the nucleus B. Multinucleated giant cells C. Inclusions in the cytoplasm D. Cells round up E. All of the choices are correct
They slow the progress of the disease
Which of the following is correct about the protease inhibitor drugs designed to treat HIV infection?
the slow the progress of the disease
Which of the following is correct about the protease inhibitor drugs designed to treat HIV infection?
cause lysis of host cells
Which of the following is incorrect about prophages? A. Present when the virus is in lysogeny B. Formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome C. Replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny D. Cause lysis of host cells E. Occur when temperate phages enter host cells
all
Which of the following is known to activate the genital herpes virus? A. Sex hormones B. Sunlight C. Stress D. All of the choices are correct.
decreased growth rate
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a transformed cell? A. Viral nucleic acid integrated into host DNA B. Decreased growth rate C. Alterations in chromosomes D. Changes in cell surface molecules E. Capacity to divide indefinitely
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Which of the following is not a prion disease?
tetrahedral
Which of the following is not a typical capsid shape? A. Tetrahedral B. Complex C. Helical D. Icosahedron E. All of the choices are capsid shapes
envelope
Which of the following is not associated with every virus? A. Envelope B. Capsomeres C. Capsid D. Nucleic acid E. Genome
cervical cancer
Which of the following is not associated with genital herpes? A. Recurring genital lesions B. Congenital herpes C. Cervical cancer D. Miscarriages
transmitted by mosquitos
Which of the following is not true of Ebola?
Symptoms are very similar to the common cold
Which of the following is not true of influenza? A. has glycoprotein spikes of hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) B. antigenic drift which changes the antigens to reduce immune recognition C. antigenic shift causes changes in the RNA strands D. symptoms are very similar to the common cold E. the virus can infect both humans and swine
Extracellular viroids have a lipid bilayer envelope
Which of the following is not true of viroids? A. Viroids are small circular ssRNA molecules. B. Viroids have no protein capsids. C. Viroid RNA does not serve as mRNA nor does it direct the synthesis of mRNA. D. Extracellular viroids have a lipid bilayer envelope.
Viruses replicate by binary fission
Which of the following is not true of viruses? A. Viruses are acellular. B. Viruses consist of one or more molecules of DNA or RNA enclosed in a coat of protein and sometimes in other more complex layers. C. Viruses can exist in two phases: intracellular and extracellular. D. Viruses replicate by binary fission.
Mild infection with fever, headache, sore throat, or asymptotic
Which of the following is the most common outcome of infection with Polio virus?
vomiting
Which of the following is the most notable symptom of infection with Norovirus?
Contaminated blood and blood products
Which of the following is the typical mode of transmission for hepatitis C? A. Contaminated shellfish B. Bite from body louse C. Contaminated blood and blood products D. Inhalation of droplets
all
Which of the following is(are) ways viruses acquire their envelopes? A. They bud from a cell B. Some use the nuclear envelope C. Most use the plasma membrane D. All of the choices are correct
host cell and helper virus
Which of the following is/are necessary for the replication of a satellite virus? A. Host cell only B. Helper virus only C. Prion only D. Host cell and helper virus
Only choices A and C occur
Which of the following occurs during assembly? A. Nucleocapsid is formed B. New viral nucleic acid is formed C. Viral spikes insert in host cell membrane D. All of the choices occur E. Only choices A and C occur
all
Which of the following os true of viruses A. they are acellular B. they are obligate parasites C. They contain DNA or RNA not both D. All of the choices are correct
Herpesviridae
Which of the following represents a virus family name? A. Herpes simplex virus B. Herpesviridae C. Picornavirus D. Enterovirus E. Hepatitis B virus
epstein-barr
Which of the following viruses are oncogenic or cancer causing? A. Influenza B. Epstein-Barr C. Varicella D. viroids
all choices will support it
Which of the following will not support viral cultivation? A. Live lab animals B. Embryonated bird eggs C. Primary cell cultures D. Continuous cell cultures E. All of the choices will support viral cultivation
Dengue fever
Which type of hemorrhagic fever is also known as "breakbone fever"because of the severe pain in bones?
non-envelope viruses
Which type of virus is most likely to be released by lysis of the host cell?
budding
Which virion release process is most often used by enveloped viruses?
Pastuer
Who developed a rabies vaccine by separating bacteria from virus using a filter?
Chamberland
Who invented the ceramic viral filter?
W. M. Stanley
Who started the controversy over whether viruses are alive or not
both antigenic drift and antigenic shift
With respect to orthomyxoviruses, changes in antigenicity usually occur as a result of
all
Yellow fever and dengue fever are
antigenic shift
a major genetic change in influenza virus antigens that occurs when viruses exchange genetic material with other strains, enabling the jump from one ANIMAL SPECIES to another
prions
infectious protein particles that do not have a genome
antigenic drift
minor changes in influenza virus antigens caused by genetic mutation during normal viral replication