Lecture Test 4 - Questions from reviews and quizzes

capsid

A _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus.

Dane particles

A clinical feature of the Hepatitis B virus is

Burkitt's lymphoma

A common cardiovascular/lymph system disease in AIDS patients is

Kaposi's sarcoma

A frequent cancer that is seen in AIDS patients is

nucleocapsid

A naked virus only has a(n)

provirus

A retrovirus genome, which integrates into the host chromosome is called a

false

A specific animal virus has the ability to attach to and enter almost any animal host cell. True or False

norovirus and the rotavirus group

Acute viral gastroenteritis can be caused by the

Children in developing countries

Acute viral gastroenteritis is the leading cause of death in

reduces the healing time

Acyclovir is the drug used to treat genital herpes; it

true

Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in yellow fever and dengue fever. TRUE OR FALSE

true

Aedes mosquitoes are the vectors involved in yellow fever and dengue fever. True or False

virus is only shed from active lesions

All of the following are true for HSV-2 except

are not common in the United States

All of the following pertain to genital warts, except: A. are not common in the United States B. are sexually transmitted C. often occur on the penis, vagina, and cervix D. includes large cauliflower-like masses called condylomata acuminata E. certain strains strongly predispose a person to cancer of the cervix or penis

it is transmitted by direct contact with the rash

All of the following pertain to measles (rubeola) except A. transmitted by direct contact with the rash B. humans are the only reservoir for the pathogen C. secondary bacterial otitis media and sinusitis occur D. involves a fatal complication called subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) E. dry cough, sore throat, fever, conjunctivitis are symptoms

Highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States

All of the following pertain to patients with AIDS except A. Have an immunodeficiency B. Have CD4 T-cell titers below 200 cells/mm3 of blood C. Get repeated, life-threatening opportunistic infections D. Can get unusual cancers and neurological disorders E. Highest number of cases worldwide is in the United States

summer outbreaks in the United States have been increasing recently

All of the following pertain to poliomyelitis except

Located between the capsid and nucleic acid

All of the following pertain to virus envelopes except A. Gained as a virus leaves the host cell membrane B. Gained as a virus leaves the nuclear membrane C. Contain special virus proteins D. Help the virus particle attach to host cells E. Located between the capsid and nucleic acid

all

Animal viruses are classified according to which of the following characteristics A. genetic relatedness B. nature of the genome C. Shape of the virus D. all of the choices are correct

A

Antigenic variation occurs almost yearly with the influenza ________ virus.

false

Antiviral drugs are frequently used for the treatment of infectious mononucleosis. TRUE OR FALSE

true

Available evidence is consistent with the proposal that prion diseases are caused by infectious proteins. TRUE or FALSE

false

Bacteriophages do not undergo adsorption to specific host cell receptors prior to penetration. True or False

Negri bodies

Characteristic inclusion bodies formed in cells of organisms infected with Rabies are called

varicella

Chickenpox is caused by the ________ virus.

biochemical reactions

Classification of viruses into families involves determining all the following characteristics except A. Type of nucleic acid B. Type of capsid C. Presence of an envelope D. Biochemical reactions E. Number of strands in the nucleic acid

droplet contact and indirect contact

Cold viruses are transmitted by

of the antigenic diversity of the rhinoviruses and the lack of long-lasting immunity

Colds are common because

HA protein

Consider the possibility of a mutation in a strain of avian influenza virus which enables the bird-specific strain to readily infect humans. Such a mutation would result in changes within the _____________.

all

Control measures for hepatitis B include A. excluding contact with contaminated materials. B. passive immunotherapy within 7 days of exposure. C. vaccination of high-risk groups. D. All choices are correct.

A spongiform encephalopathy of humans

Creutzfeld-Jacob disease is

a rise in neutralizing antibody in a patient's serum

Diagnosis of West Nile virus infection is through detection of

unprotected sexual intercourse and contact with blood/blood products

Documented transmission of HIV involves

host DNA

During lysogeny, an inactive prophage state occurs when the viral DNA is inserted into the

false

Each virus is assigned to genus status based on its host, target tissue and type of disease it causes. True or False

coma, convulsions, and paralysis in severe cases

Encephalitis caused by arboviruses involves

virus

Encephalitis is most commonly caused by a

true

Enveloped viruses may enter their host cells by fusion of their envelope with the cytoplasmic membrane, thereby depositing their nucleocapsid within the cell. TRUE OR FALSE

all

Fifth disease A. has a maculopapular rash that lasts for days to weeks. B. is a childhood febrile disease with a bright red rash on the cheeks. C. cannot be prevented at this time with vaccination. D. is caused by Parvovirus B19. E. All of the choices are correct.

viral attachment sites AND cell surface receptors

For a virus to attach to a host cell _____________ and _____________ are required.

rubella

German Measles is caused by the _____________ virus.

factors that bind to host cells

Glycoprotein spikes protruding from the outer surface of viral envelopes function as

macrophages AND T helper cells

HIV adversely affects

T helper cells

HIV attacks a variety of cell types but the most critical are

blood, semen AND vaginal secretions

HIV may be present in

CD4

HIV typically attaches to

capsid

Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus ____________.

fecal/oral contamination of food

Hepatitis B virus may be transmitted by all the following methods except A. Sexual activity B. Contaminated body fluids C. Contaminated blood D. fecal/oral contamination of food

all

Hepatitis B virus: A. is principally transmitted by blood. B. transmission risks include shared needles, anal intercourse, and heterosexual intercourse. C. is transmitted to the newborn from chronic carrier mothers. D. has many chronic carriers. E. All of the choices are correct.

true

Hepatitis can be caused by cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus as well as by the hepatitis viruses. True or False

true

Herpes keratitis is an infection of the eye. True of False

all

Herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) causes: A. genital lesions. B. intensely sensitive vesicles on or near the genitals. C. symptoms that include urethritis, cervicitis, and itching. D. infection in neonates that have contact with lesions in the birth canal. E. All of the choices are correct.

false - double stranded DNA WITH envelope

Herpesviruses are double-stranded, nonenveloped DNA viruses. True of False

false

Herpesviruses are double-stranded, nonenveloped DNA viruses. True or False

all

Host cells of viruses include A. Human and other animals B. Plants and fungi C. Bacteria D. Protozoa and algae E. All of the choices are correct

all

Host cells of viruses include: A. Human and other animals B. Plants and fungi C. Bacteria D. Protozoa and algae E. All of the choices are correct

Type of host cell receptors on cell membrane

Host range is limited by

it is a very rare form of herpesvirus

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has the following characteristics except A. a rash appears on the fourth day. B. causes roseola in infants and young children. C. starts with a high fever. D. it is a very rare form of herpesvirus. E. appears as a mononucleosis-like illness in adults.

the bite of an infected mosquito

Humans acquire the arbovirus that causes epidemic encephalitis by

chickenpox

If a person who has never been infected with the varicella zoster virus comes in contact with a person who has shingles, the first person will come down with

persistant

In a ___________ infection the virus reproduces slowly causing chronic symptoms for a long time.

latent

In a ___________ infection, the virus quits reproducing and is dormant before becoming active again.

nucleocapsid

In an enveloped virus, the part of the virus including the nucleic acid genome ant the surrounding protein coat, but not the envelope is called the

nucleus, cytoplasm

In general, most DNA viruses multiply in the host cell's ________, while most RNA viruses multiply in the host cell's ________.

results from reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses infect the same cell and can result in major epidemics or pandemics

In influenza virus, antigenic shift

true

In rabies, spasms of muscles for swallowing leads to a fear of water. True or False

Includes DNA from the previous host

In transduction, the viral genome

release

In which of the following stages of the viral infectious cycle do enveloped viruses usually acquire their envelopes? A. Release B. Component biosynthesis C. Assembly D. Penetration

all

In which of the following ways can viruses damage cells? a. formation of inclusion bodies b. lysing lysomers c. stopping cellular transcription and translation d. all of the choices are correct

fecal-oral contamination of food or drink

Infectious hepatitis (hepatitis A) is usually transmitted by

viroids

Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called

prions

Infectious protein particles are called

false

Influenza is predominantly transmitted by the fecal-oral route. True of False

the ability to provide lifelong immunity

Influenza vaccines include all the following except A. Inactivated intramuscular vaccine B. Usually incorporates three different strains C. Attenuated, nasal drops vaccine D. Provides lifelong immunity

antigenic drift, antigenic shift

Influenza virus can exhibit constant mutation of viral glycoproteins called ________, or ________, a more serious phenomenon caused by the exchange of a viral gene with that of another influenza virus strain.

herpes simplex

Keratitis is usually caused by

measles

Koplik's spots are small red lesions with a white center that form in the mouth and are associated with ________.

viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome

Lysogeny refers to

Oncoviruses

Mammalian viruses capable of starting tumors are

involved in the replication of viral nucleic acid

Many of the enzymes found in virus particles are

rubeola

Measles is also known as

false

Most cases of viral gastroenteritis are accompanied by high fevers. True or False

Reverse transcriptase and protease inhibitors

Most drugs used to slow the progress of AIDS fall into which of the following categories?

plasma

Most enveloped viruses use the host's _____________ membrane as their envelope source.

false

Mumps causes permanent sterility in young male adults. True of False

paramyxovirus

Mumps is caused by a _____________________.

brain neurons

Negri bodies are produced within ________ of rabies-infected humans

lysis

New, nonenveloped virus release occurs by

false

No cases of the attenuated polio virus reverting to a neurovirulent strain have ever been reported. True of False

endocytosis

Nonenveloped viruses most often gain access to eukaryotic host cells by

measles

Oncogenic viruses include all the following except A. Hepatitis B virus B. Measles virus C. Papillomavirus D. HTLVI and HTLVII viruses E. Epstein-Barr virus

icosahedral

One of the principal capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12 evenly spaced corners referred to as a(n) _____ capsid.

mumps

Orchitis and epididymitis are seen in young adult males as a complication of

hydrophobia

Painful spasms of the throat triggered by swallowing or the sight of water is called

Chronic latent viruses

Persistent viruses that can reactivate periodically are

oropharynx and intestine

Polio virus initially multiplies in the

all

Prevention and control of rabies includes

domestic animals and humans

Prions are of significance because they cause infections of

false

Prions can be destroyed by autoclaving. TRUE OR FALSE

true

Prophages can be activated into viral replication and enter the lytic cycle. True or False

all

Respiratory syncytial virus A. is highly contagious. B. causes serious disease in infants 6 months old or younger. C. cannot be prevented by vaccination at this time. D. is transmitted through droplet contact and fomite contamination. E. All of the choices are correct.

true

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of global respiratory outbreaks in infants 6 months of age or younger. TRUE OR FALSE

DNA genome

Retroviruses have the following characteristics except

Viral DNA from RNA

Reverse transcriptase synthesizes

associated with congenital transmission causing miscarriage, deafness, and cardiac and mental defects

Rubella is

Dependent on other viruses for replication

Satellite viruses are

all

Smallpox eradication can be attributed to the fact that A. Humans are only host B. WHO vaccination program C. It has obvious clinical features D. All of these are correct

in which fever, prostration, rash, and possible toxemia and shock occur

Smallpox is a disease

true

Spikes are glycoproteins of the virus capsid. True or False

all

Spongiform encephalopathies are

sore throat, fever, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, jaundice in some cases

Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include

fever, myalgia, sore throat, cough, and nasal discharge

Symptoms of influenza include

true

TRUE OF FALSE: A fully formed virus that can cause an infection in a host cell is called a virion.

true

TRUE OF FALSE: Enveloped viruses may enter their host cells by engulfment within coated vesicles (endocytosis).

true

TRUE OF FALSE: Prions consist of proteins and have no apparent nucleic acid genome.

true

The Epstein-Barr virus is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis. True or False

vector control

The best defense against arborviruses is

Human Parvovirus B19

The causative agent for Fifth disease is

herpesvirus type 6

The causative agent for Sixth disease (HHV-6) is

Paramyxovirus

The causative organism for mumps is

either DNA or RNA

The core of every virus particle always contains

Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release

The correct sequence of events in viral multiplication is

obtained by viral budding or exocytosis

The envelope of enveloped viruses is

neuraminidase

The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is

neuraminidasec

The enzyme associated with the influenza virus that hydrolyzes the protective mucous coating of the respiratory tract is

Injection of only the viral nucleic acid into the host cell

The event that occurs in bacteriophage multiplication that does not occur in animal virus replication is

true

The formation of intranuclear inclusion bodies is associated with cytomegalovirus infection. True or False

protect the viral genetic material and aid in the transfer of the viral genetic material between host cells

The function of the viral protein coat is to

both

The function(s) of the protein spikes that protrude from the viral capsid or envelope is/are A. enzymatic activity B. attachment to host cells C. Both of these D. None of these

hepatitis C

The leading reason for liver transplantation in the United States is ________.

swelling of parotid glands

The main clinical feature of Mumps is:

congenital defects

The main danger of infection with the Rubella virus is

food or water

The main or usual route of transmission of the Polio virus is

food and water

The main route of transmission of the poliovirus is ________.

true

The method of pathogenesis of prions may involve a conformational change in the prion protein (PrP) to an abnormal form. True or False

fecal/oral contamination of food or drink

The mode of transmission of the Hepatitis A virus is:

HBV

The most common cause of liver cancer in the United States is

RSV

The most dangerous cause of respiratory infection is young children is

true

The most likely mode of transmission of the common cold is by hand-to-hand contact between a rhinovirus donor and a susceptible recipient. True or False

PrPc folds appropriately whereas PrPSc does not fold correctly

The most notable difference between PrP C (normal protein) and PrP Sc (prion protein) is

false

The most serious teratogenic effects of intrauterine rubella infection occur if it is acquired during the third trimester. True or False

either DNA or RNA

The nucleic acids carried by viruses usually consist of

false

The only body fluid that can transmit hepatitis B virus is blood. True of False

the oral route

The polio virus usually enters the body through

motor nerve cells

The poliomyelitis virus appears to selectively destroy

inactivated Polio vaccine (IPV) developed by Jonas Salk

The preferred preventative measure for Polio int he United States is

all

The primary purposes of viral cultivation are: A. to isolate and identify viruses in clinical specimens B. to prepare viruses for vaccines C. to do detailed research on viral structure, lifestyle, genetics and effects on host cells D. All of these

true

The primary transmission route for acquiring agents of the common cold is by contact with hands and fomites contaminated with the nasal discharges of an infected person. True of False

true

The primary transmission route for acquiring agents of the common cold is by contact with hands and fomites contaminated with the nasal discharges of an infected person. True or False

saliva

The principal mode of transmission of rabies is through

uncoating

The process of dissolving the envelope and capsid to release the viral nucleic acid is

capsid

The protein coat that surrounds viral nucleic acid is called a/an

all

The rabies virus is transmitted to humans by

an immunological reaction to the virus

The rash associated with German measles is most likely caused by

shingles

The reactivated form of chicken pox is called

Herpes zoster

The reactivated form of chickenpox is called ________.

vaccinia

The smallpox vaccine uses the ________ virus.

tingling or twitching

The symptom at the site of an animal bite that suggests rabies as a possible diagnosis is

retroviridae

The virus which causes AIDS is in the family

true

There are vaccines for immunity to the hepatitis B virus. True or False

rubella

This febrile disease with a rash has a pathogen that can cross the placenta and cause serious fetal damage.

all

Treatment of an animal bite for possible rabies includes

icosahedral or helical

Two major types of symmetry found in viruses include

prions, viroids

Two noncellular agents, smaller than viruses, are the infectious proteins called ________ and the infectious RNA strands called ________.

all

Uncoating of viral nucleic acid A. Does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication B. Involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid C. Occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle D. Occurs before replication E. All of the choices are correct

true

Varicella and herpes zoster are caused by the same virus. True of False

all

Varicella zoster virus (human herpesvirus-3) A. has humans as its reservoir. B. uses the respiratory epithelium as its portal of entry. C. becomes latent in dorsal root ganglia that serve specific dermatomes. D. causes chickenpox and shingles. E. All of the choices are correct.

self assembly

Viral capsids are generally constructed without any outside aid once the subunits have been synthesized. This process is called

all

Viral envelopes are composed of: A. proteins B. carbohydrates C. lipids D. All of the choices are correct

all

Viral nucleic acids include which of the following A. Double stranded DNA B. Single stranded DNA C. Double stranded RNA D. Single stranded RNA E. All of the choices are correct

true

Viral spikes are inserted into the host cell membrane before budding or exocytosis. True or False

Bind viral capsid and envelope together

Viral spikes:

tropisms

Viral tissue specificities are called

10-400 nm

Virion size ranges from

short infectious single stranded RNAs that can infect some plants

Viroids are:

capsomeres

Virus capsids are made from subunits called

host range

Virus morphology does not include which of the following characteristics?

release

Viruses acquire envelopes around their nucleocapsids during

true

Viruses are simple, non-cellular and lack mRNA. True or False

true

Viruses are simple, noncellular, and lack mRNA. True or False

true

Viruses are the most common cause of acute infections that do not result in hospitalization. True or False

false

Viruses are ultramicroscopic because they range in size from 2 mm to 450 mm. True or False

true

Viruses are unable to multiple outside of a host cell. True or False

true

Viruses are used to produce vaccines for prevention of certain viral infections. True or False

Host glycoproteins

Viruses attach to their hosts via

metabolism

Viruses have all the following except A. Definite shape B. Metabolism C. Genes D. Ability to infect host cells E. Ultramicroscopic size

false

Viruses have typical cellular structure like other living organisms. True or False

true

Viruses mutate and some have not been discovered. True or False

latent

Viruses that cause infection resulting in alternating periods of activity with symptoms and inactivity without symptoms are called

bacteriophages

Viruses that infect bacteria are specifically called

cannot be seen through a light microscope

Viruses: A. Cannot be seen in a light microscope B. Are prokaryotic C. Contain 70S ribosomes D. Undergo binary fission E. All of the choices are correct

Pigs can become infected simultaneously with both human, avian, and swine varieties of influenza viruses, providing an opportunity for genetic recombination resulting in antigenic drift

What critical role is often played by pigs in the epidemiology of influenza virus?

Herpesviridae

What family do all herpes viruses fall under? (includes cold sores, chicken pox, genital/keratitis herpes, Sixth disease, mono, & CMV)

Orthomyxoviridae

What family do the Influenza viruses fall under?

parvoviridae

What family does Fifth disease fall under?

Picornaviridae

What family does the common cold (Rhinitis) fall under?

direct contact/air borne

What is the mode of transmission for Fifth disease?

direct contact

What is the mode of transmission for all herpes viruses? (includes cold sores, chicken pox, genital/keratitis herpes, Sixth disease, mono, & CMV)

air borne

What is the mode of transmission for influenza viruses?

direct contact

What is the mode of transmission for the common cold (Rhinitis)?

Opossums lack the appropriate receptor for the rabies virus

What is the most likely reason that bats, raccoons, and foxes readily become infected with the rabies virus, whereas opossums are resistant to infection?

tall fibers

What structures are used by bacteriophages to attach to host cell receptors?

lysogenic conversion

When a bacterium acquires a trait from its temperate phage, it is called

true

When a virus enters a host cell, the viral genes redirect the genetic and metabolic activities of the host cell. True or False

protease inhibitors

Which drugs interfere with the action of an HIV enzyme needed for final assembly and maturation of the virus?

Acyclovir

Which if the following drugs is used to treat Herpes infections such as genital herpes?

all

Which if the following is a mode of transmission for HIV A. contaminated blood B. Sexual contact C. Breastmilk D.All

It predisposes a person for liver cancer

Which is incorrect about hepatitis A infection?

average incubation in human is 1 week

Which is incorrect about rabies?

contains toxiods

Which is incorrect about the MMR immunization?

They infect animal and plant cells only

Which is not true of viruses? A. They can exist in an intracellular or extracellular phase. B. They can be observed with an electron microscope. C. They are acellular. D. They replicate only inside host cells. E. They infect animal and plant cells only.

They cause a degenerative brain condition AND they are a normal brain protein that has folded differently

Which is true about prions?

non-enveloped AND single-stranded RNA

Which is true of the poliomyelitis virus?

fusion inhibitors

Which new class of drugs will interfere with docking onto host cells?

interferon

Which of the following antivirals is not used for treatment of HSV-1 and HSV-2? A. Interferon B. Valacyclovir C. Acyclovir D. Famciclovir E. All of the choices are correct

both

Which of the following are characteristics of orthomyxoviruses? A. airborne transmission B. Type A & B antigenic changes C. Both of these D. None of these

all

Which of the following can stimulate a reactivation of the virus that causes cold sores? A. Emotional stress B. Ultraviolet light C. Physical stress (fever, cold winds, trauma, hormonal changes) D. All of the choices are correct.

the availability if effective antiviral agents that block replication

Which of the following did not play a role in the eradication of smallpox?

Scrapie

Which of the following diseases is caused by prions? A. Scrapie B. Chikungunya C. Ebola/Hemorrhagic Fever E. Equine Encephalitis

all

Which of the following diseases is/are caused by prions? A. mad cow disease, B. Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease in humans and C. scrapie disease in sheep D. All of the choices are correct

mosquitos

Which of the following does not transmit the AIDS virus?

Oseltamivir

Which of the following drugs has been shown to reduce the duration and symptoms of influenza? A. Penicillin B. Acyclovir C. Oseltamivir D. AZT

Valcyclovir and acyclovir

Which of the following drugs is (are) effective against cold sores? A. AZT and ddC B. Protease inhibitors such as ritonavir C. Amantadine D. Valcyclovir and acyclovir

relenza

Which of the following drugs is a neuraminidase inhibitor and effective against influenza

eastern equine encephalitis

Which of the following has the highest mortality rate?

Kuru

Which of the following is a disease of humans that is probably caused by a prion and was originally associated with cannibalism?

both

Which of the following is a distinctive feature of any type of Hepatitis? A. Pain in upper right quadrant B. Jaundice C. Both of these D. None of these

yellow fever

Which of the following is a hemorrhagic fever?

all

Which of the following is a type of cytopathic effect? A. Inclusions in the nucleus B. Multinucleated giant cells C. Inclusions in the cytoplasm D. Cells round up E. All of the choices are correct

They slow the progress of the disease

Which of the following is correct about the protease inhibitor drugs designed to treat HIV infection?

the slow the progress of the disease

Which of the following is correct about the protease inhibitor drugs designed to treat HIV infection?

cause lysis of host cells

Which of the following is incorrect about prophages? A. Present when the virus is in lysogeny B. Formed when viral DNA enters the bacterial chromosome C. Replicated with host DNA and passed on to progeny D. Cause lysis of host cells E. Occur when temperate phages enter host cells

all

Which of the following is known to activate the genital herpes virus? A. Sex hormones B. Sunlight C. Stress D. All of the choices are correct.

decreased growth rate

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a transformed cell? A. Viral nucleic acid integrated into host DNA B. Decreased growth rate C. Alterations in chromosomes D. Changes in cell surface molecules E. Capacity to divide indefinitely

subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Which of the following is not a prion disease?

tetrahedral

Which of the following is not a typical capsid shape? A. Tetrahedral B. Complex C. Helical D. Icosahedron E. All of the choices are capsid shapes

envelope

Which of the following is not associated with every virus? A. Envelope B. Capsomeres C. Capsid D. Nucleic acid E. Genome

cervical cancer

Which of the following is not associated with genital herpes? A. Recurring genital lesions B. Congenital herpes C. Cervical cancer D. Miscarriages

transmitted by mosquitos

Which of the following is not true of Ebola?

Symptoms are very similar to the common cold

Which of the following is not true of influenza? A. has glycoprotein spikes of hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) B. antigenic drift which changes the antigens to reduce immune recognition C. antigenic shift causes changes in the RNA strands D. symptoms are very similar to the common cold E. the virus can infect both humans and swine

Extracellular viroids have a lipid bilayer envelope

Which of the following is not true of viroids? A. Viroids are small circular ssRNA molecules. B. Viroids have no protein capsids. C. Viroid RNA does not serve as mRNA nor does it direct the synthesis of mRNA. D. Extracellular viroids have a lipid bilayer envelope.

Viruses replicate by binary fission

Which of the following is not true of viruses? A. Viruses are acellular. B. Viruses consist of one or more molecules of DNA or RNA enclosed in a coat of protein and sometimes in other more complex layers. C. Viruses can exist in two phases: intracellular and extracellular. D. Viruses replicate by binary fission.

Mild infection with fever, headache, sore throat, or asymptotic

Which of the following is the most common outcome of infection with Polio virus?

vomiting

Which of the following is the most notable symptom of infection with Norovirus?

Contaminated blood and blood products

Which of the following is the typical mode of transmission for hepatitis C? A. Contaminated shellfish B. Bite from body louse C. Contaminated blood and blood products D. Inhalation of droplets

all

Which of the following is(are) ways viruses acquire their envelopes? A. They bud from a cell B. Some use the nuclear envelope C. Most use the plasma membrane D. All of the choices are correct

host cell and helper virus

Which of the following is/are necessary for the replication of a satellite virus? A. Host cell only B. Helper virus only C. Prion only D. Host cell and helper virus

Only choices A and C occur

Which of the following occurs during assembly? A. Nucleocapsid is formed B. New viral nucleic acid is formed C. Viral spikes insert in host cell membrane D. All of the choices occur E. Only choices A and C occur

all

Which of the following os true of viruses A. they are acellular B. they are obligate parasites C. They contain DNA or RNA not both D. All of the choices are correct

Herpesviridae

Which of the following represents a virus family name? A. Herpes simplex virus B. Herpesviridae C. Picornavirus D. Enterovirus E. Hepatitis B virus

epstein-barr

Which of the following viruses are oncogenic or cancer causing? A. Influenza B. Epstein-Barr C. Varicella D. viroids

all choices will support it

Which of the following will not support viral cultivation? A. Live lab animals B. Embryonated bird eggs C. Primary cell cultures D. Continuous cell cultures E. All of the choices will support viral cultivation

Dengue fever

Which type of hemorrhagic fever is also known as "breakbone fever"because of the severe pain in bones?

non-envelope viruses

Which type of virus is most likely to be released by lysis of the host cell?

budding

Which virion release process is most often used by enveloped viruses?

Pastuer

Who developed a rabies vaccine by separating bacteria from virus using a filter?

Chamberland

Who invented the ceramic viral filter?

W. M. Stanley

Who started the controversy over whether viruses are alive or not

both antigenic drift and antigenic shift

With respect to orthomyxoviruses, changes in antigenicity usually occur as a result of

all

Yellow fever and dengue fever are

antigenic shift

a major genetic change in influenza virus antigens that occurs when viruses exchange genetic material with other strains, enabling the jump from one ANIMAL SPECIES to another

prions

infectious protein particles that do not have a genome

antigenic drift

minor changes in influenza virus antigens caused by genetic mutation during normal viral replication