Lectures 11, 12, and 13- Bio Nutrition

How many weeks is a full term infant? A) 33 B) 38 C) 40 D) 43

40

Obesity during pregnancy is associated with all of the following except A) high blood pressure. B) diabetes during pregnancy. C)a low-birth-weight infant. D)greater need for C-sections.

A low-birth-weight infant

Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas? A) Antibodies B) Lipids C) Lactose D) Iron

Antibodies

A deficiency of which vitamin may contribute to dementia in the elderly? A) B12 B) C C) E D) B6

B12

Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain A) high-fructose corn syrup. B) Bacterial spores. C) lead. D) Bee venom

Bacterial spores

When should a woman start thinking about her folate levels? A) as a child B) before getting pregnant C) during pregnancy D) as an older adult

Before getting pregnant

Which agency is responsible for monitoring the incidence of food borne illnesses? A) WHO B) CDC C) FSIS D) NOAA

CDC

Hyperactivity may be caused by increased ______ intake. A) sugar B) fat C) caffeine D) Vitamin B6

Caffeine

Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they A) the let-down reflex. B) can sit up with some back support. C) have most of their primary teeth. D) All of these are correct

Can sit up with some back support

Which of the following statements is true? A) In the United States, the Justice Department is the primary government agency that oversees the safety of most foods. B) Food-borne illnesses are usually characterized by the signs and symptoms of influenza. C) Fungi are responsible for most cases of food-borne illness among Americans. D) Certain microbes produce poisonous chemicals that can cause food intoxication.

Certain microbes produce poisonous chemicals that can cause food intoxication.

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce A) prolactin. B) colostrum. C) oxytocin. D) All of these are correct.

Colostrum

Which of the following would NOT be a way for older adults to maintain their health? A) Use frozen dinners B) Participate in regular physical activity C) Consume higher fat foods D) Provide assistance for shopping or cooking

Consume higher fat foods

A basic plan for health promotion and disease prevention includes all of the following except A) consuming meals that resemble MyPlate. B) getting regular exercise. C)not smoking. D) consuming 3 to 5 ounces of alcohol daily.

Consuming 3 to 5 ounces of alcohol daily

Vince enjoys cooking, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices result in food-borne illness. Which of the following steps can he take to reduce this likelihood? A) Wipe his hands on a paper towel before preparing food B) Thaw frozen foods at room temperature C) Cook foods to proper internal temperatures D) All of these are correct.

Cook foods to proper internal

When uncooked foods make contact with cooked or raw foods _____________can occur. A) chemical contamination B) cross-contamination C) bioaccumulation D) spoilage

Cross-contamination

The _____ prohibits food manufacturers from adding a new compound to food that causes cancer. A) First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution B) Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment C) Pure Food and Drug Act D) Cancer Prevention Act

Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment

What would be least likely to be successful in dealing with a child that is overweight? A) Slow weight gain so that the child can "grow into" their weight. B) Offer nutrient-dense foods. C) Deny foods. D) Encourage physical activity.

Deny foods

Which federal U.S. agency regulates the proper use of pesticides? A) FDA B) USDA C) CDC D) EPA

EPA

To limit morning sickness: A) drink lots of water B) eat small, frequent carbohydrate-rich meals C) eat small, frequent proteins-rich meals D) all of the above are correct

Eat small,frequent proteins-rich meals

A developing human from 2-8 weeks after fertilization is called a(n) A) fetus B) fertilized egg C) embryo D) blastocyst

Embryo

Which of the following does NOT contribute to a mother's weight gain during pregnancy? A) increase in blood volume B) increased amount of fat C) enlargement of the ovaries D) breast development

Enlargement of the ovaries

Spina bifida is cause by a ____________deficiency in the mother A) calcium B) zinc C) folate D) Vitamin B12

Folate

Which of the following is incorrect with regard to adolescents? A) Their calorie needs exceed those of adults. B) Guys and girls need the same amount of iron. C) The RDA of Vitamin D is the same in children, adolescents and adults. D) B vitamin recommendations are higher than those of children.

Guys and girls need the same amount of iron.

Lead can be found in all of the following EXCEPT: A) old house paint B) plumbing C) hardwood floors D) ceramics

Hardwood

What is NOT an issue associated with women over 35. A) Increased risk due to preexisting conditions B) Having a child with Down syndrome C) Increased likelihood of having a preterm delivery D) having a high birth weight baby

Having a high birth weight baby

The first solid foods usually introduced into an infant's milk diet are A) egg whites. B) pureed meats. C) pureed fruits. D) iron-fortified cereals.

Iron-fortified cereals

____________ can cause spontaneous abortion or stillbirth because the bacteria can cross the placenta and infect the fetus. A) Listeria B) Salmonella C) E. coli O157:H7 D) Clostridium botulinum

Listeria

Where is the chief site of alcohol metabolism? A) Brain B) Stomach C) Liver D) Kidneys

Liver

Which of the following is true about lactation? A) Oxytocin regulates milk production. B) Caloric intake of the mother is not important. C) Breast size determines likelihood of successful lactating. D) Mature breast milk contains the appropriate balance of nutrients for the baby.

Mature breast milk contains the appropriate balance of nutrients for the baby

Infants need fat because it aids in absorption of several vitamins and also helps the ______________ to develop. A) kidneys B) nervous system C) reproductive system D) skin

Nervous system

Declining vision in the elderly is thought to be caused by A) decreased immune function B) oxidative damage C) increased inflammation D) dehydration

Oxidative damage

Which of the following is an appropriate feeding philosophy for children? A) Parents should be responsible for choosing how much and when the child should eat. B) Parents should present a variety of nutritious food choices and avoid making the dinner table into a battleground. C) Children should be forced to eat what is good for them. D) Parents should present nutritious food choices to children and not worry about their own eating habits.

Parents should present a variety of nutritious food choices and avoid making the dinner table into a battleground.

The _____ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus. A) ovary B) uterus C) placenta D) endometrium

Placenta

Which environmental contaminant has bioaccumulated in fish and can cause significant damage to unborn babies? A) Polychorinated biphenyls B) Lead C) Arsenic D) Chlordane

Polychorinated biphenyls

A pregnant woman with high blood pressure, edema, and proteins in the urine has what condition? A) Gestational diabetes B) Pica C) Placenta previa D) Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia

_____ stimulates milk production by certain cells in the breast. A) Prolactin B) Progesterone C) Oxytocin D) Estrogen

Prolactin

Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella? A) Canned applesauce B) Honey C) Dry milk powder D) Raw chicken

Raw chicken

A common cause of foodborne illness that results from sneezing or coughing over food is A) Salmonella. B) Clostridium perfringens. C) Staphylococcus aureus. D) Listeria monocytogenes.

Staphylococcus aureus.

Adolescents consume which beverage type the most? A) Sweetened beverages B) 100% fruit juices C) Milk D) Coffee

Sweetened beverages

Which of the following is not true about snacks for preschool children? A) They should be avoided under most circumstances. B) They are appropriate if timed so that appetite is not impaired at meals. C) They should be nutrient-dense. D) They are appropriate if the snack contributes to the total day's nutrient intake.

They should be avoided under most circumstances.

Which agency is responsible for enforcing the standars for red meat, poultry and eggs? A) WHO B) FDA C) EPA D) USDA

USDA

Which of the following agencies certifies foods for "organic" labeling? A) Environmental Protection Agency B) FDA C) National Marine Fishery Service D) USDA

USDA

A ____ is simply a piece of genetic material coated with protein. A) virus B) protozoan C) bacterium D) parasite

Virus

The metabolism of alcohol can result in increased levels of __________. This increase causes its conversion to ____________ which is stored in the _____________. A) acetyl CoA; triglycerides; liver B) antioxidants; oxygen; skeletal muscle C) MEOS; alcohol dehydrogenase; mitochondria D) cetyl CoA; glycogen; liver

acetyl CoA; triglycerides; liver

High temperature baking or frying of carbodrate-rich foods can cause the formation of A) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons B) cadmium C) acrylamide D) mercury

acrylamide

In children, iron is necessary for: A) growth B) hemoglobin production C) learning ability D) all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is associated with age-related changes? A) cumulative effects of loss of cells B) decreased ability to repair damaged cells C) decreased ability to fight infection D) all of the above

all of the above

In which step from farm to table can food be contaminated? A) farm B) processing C) retail D) all of the above can cause contamination

all of the above can cause contamination

Pathogens A) cause oxidation of nutrients. B) are disease-causing microbes. C) damage DNA. D) protect cells from free radical destruction.

are disease-causing microbes

Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain A) high-fructose corn syrup. B) botulinum spores. C) lead. D) E. coli

botulinum spores.

Which is a risk factor of adolescent smoking? A) cardiovascular disease B) obesity C) liver disease D) all of the above

cardiovascular disease

Food commonly associated with Salmonella intoxication are A) gravies and sauces. B) chicken and eggs. C) cooked fish. D) custards and cream-filled pastries.

chicken and eggs

Treating food with gamma radiation as a preservation method is called A) pasteurization. B) aseptic processing. C) cold pasteurization. D) bioaccumulation.

cold pasteurization.

What should caregivers of children do at meal time to help create healthy eating habits? A) eat the way you want the child to eat. B) put a time limit on finishing C) use desserts as a reward for finishing D) eat in front of the TV

eat the way you want the child to eat.

The decrease in lean tissue that occurs with aging can best be prevented by A) eating a lot of protein. B) exercise and a weight-training program. C) eating more calories. D) taking vitamin and mineral supplements.

exercise and a weight-training program

All of the following are poor pregnancy practices except A) restricting weight gain to 15 to 18 pounds. B) smoking. C) gaining 25 to 35 pounds. D) completely avoiding exercise.

gaining 25 to 35 pounds

Viruses cause food borne illnesses by transferring their _____________ ______________ into ______________ cells and those cells make new viruses. A) genetic material; muscle B) protein coats; gastric C) genetic material; mucosal D) protein coats; mucosal

genetic material; mucosal

Pregnant women who develop gestational diabetes are more likely to give birth to ______ infants than pregnant women who do not have this condition. A) high-birth-weight B) low-birth-weight C) term D) None of these is correct

high-birth-weight

Reduced _____ production is an effect of atrophic gastritis, which decreases an elderly person's ability to absorb _____. A) pepsin; Vitamin B6 B) gastrin; carbohydrates C) intrinsic factor; Vitamin B12 D) bile; fats

intrinsic factor; Vitamin B12

Which of the following is the best definition of life expectancy? A) The time an average person can expect to live B) The maximum number of years humans live C) The rate of death from a variety of diseases D) The rate of disability from a variety of diseases

the time an average person can expect to live