Lectures 11, 12, and 13- Bio Nutrition
How many weeks is a full term infant? A) 33 B) 38 C) 40 D) 43
40
Obesity during pregnancy is associated with all of the following except A) high blood pressure. B) diabetes during pregnancy. C)a low-birth-weight infant. D)greater need for C-sections.
A low-birth-weight infant
Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas? A) Antibodies B) Lipids C) Lactose D) Iron
Antibodies
A deficiency of which vitamin may contribute to dementia in the elderly? A) B12 B) C C) E D) B6
B12
Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain A) high-fructose corn syrup. B) Bacterial spores. C) lead. D) Bee venom
Bacterial spores
When should a woman start thinking about her folate levels? A) as a child B) before getting pregnant C) during pregnancy D) as an older adult
Before getting pregnant
Which agency is responsible for monitoring the incidence of food borne illnesses? A) WHO B) CDC C) FSIS D) NOAA
CDC
Hyperactivity may be caused by increased ______ intake. A) sugar B) fat C) caffeine D) Vitamin B6
Caffeine
Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they A) the let-down reflex. B) can sit up with some back support. C) have most of their primary teeth. D) All of these are correct
Can sit up with some back support
Which of the following statements is true? A) In the United States, the Justice Department is the primary government agency that oversees the safety of most foods. B) Food-borne illnesses are usually characterized by the signs and symptoms of influenza. C) Fungi are responsible for most cases of food-borne illness among Americans. D) Certain microbes produce poisonous chemicals that can cause food intoxication.
Certain microbes produce poisonous chemicals that can cause food intoxication.
During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce A) prolactin. B) colostrum. C) oxytocin. D) All of these are correct.
Colostrum
Which of the following would NOT be a way for older adults to maintain their health? A) Use frozen dinners B) Participate in regular physical activity C) Consume higher fat foods D) Provide assistance for shopping or cooking
Consume higher fat foods
A basic plan for health promotion and disease prevention includes all of the following except A) consuming meals that resemble MyPlate. B) getting regular exercise. C)not smoking. D) consuming 3 to 5 ounces of alcohol daily.
Consuming 3 to 5 ounces of alcohol daily
Vince enjoys cooking, but he wants to reduce the chances that his food preparation practices result in food-borne illness. Which of the following steps can he take to reduce this likelihood? A) Wipe his hands on a paper towel before preparing food B) Thaw frozen foods at room temperature C) Cook foods to proper internal temperatures D) All of these are correct.
Cook foods to proper internal
When uncooked foods make contact with cooked or raw foods _____________can occur. A) chemical contamination B) cross-contamination C) bioaccumulation D) spoilage
Cross-contamination
The _____ prohibits food manufacturers from adding a new compound to food that causes cancer. A) First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution B) Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment C) Pure Food and Drug Act D) Cancer Prevention Act
Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment
What would be least likely to be successful in dealing with a child that is overweight? A) Slow weight gain so that the child can "grow into" their weight. B) Offer nutrient-dense foods. C) Deny foods. D) Encourage physical activity.
Deny foods
Which federal U.S. agency regulates the proper use of pesticides? A) FDA B) USDA C) CDC D) EPA
EPA
To limit morning sickness: A) drink lots of water B) eat small, frequent carbohydrate-rich meals C) eat small, frequent proteins-rich meals D) all of the above are correct
Eat small,frequent proteins-rich meals
A developing human from 2-8 weeks after fertilization is called a(n) A) fetus B) fertilized egg C) embryo D) blastocyst
Embryo
Which of the following does NOT contribute to a mother's weight gain during pregnancy? A) increase in blood volume B) increased amount of fat C) enlargement of the ovaries D) breast development
Enlargement of the ovaries
Spina bifida is cause by a ____________deficiency in the mother A) calcium B) zinc C) folate D) Vitamin B12
Folate
Which of the following is incorrect with regard to adolescents? A) Their calorie needs exceed those of adults. B) Guys and girls need the same amount of iron. C) The RDA of Vitamin D is the same in children, adolescents and adults. D) B vitamin recommendations are higher than those of children.
Guys and girls need the same amount of iron.
Lead can be found in all of the following EXCEPT: A) old house paint B) plumbing C) hardwood floors D) ceramics
Hardwood
What is NOT an issue associated with women over 35. A) Increased risk due to preexisting conditions B) Having a child with Down syndrome C) Increased likelihood of having a preterm delivery D) having a high birth weight baby
Having a high birth weight baby
The first solid foods usually introduced into an infant's milk diet are A) egg whites. B) pureed meats. C) pureed fruits. D) iron-fortified cereals.
Iron-fortified cereals
____________ can cause spontaneous abortion or stillbirth because the bacteria can cross the placenta and infect the fetus. A) Listeria B) Salmonella C) E. coli O157:H7 D) Clostridium botulinum
Listeria
Where is the chief site of alcohol metabolism? A) Brain B) Stomach C) Liver D) Kidneys
Liver
Which of the following is true about lactation? A) Oxytocin regulates milk production. B) Caloric intake of the mother is not important. C) Breast size determines likelihood of successful lactating. D) Mature breast milk contains the appropriate balance of nutrients for the baby.
Mature breast milk contains the appropriate balance of nutrients for the baby
Infants need fat because it aids in absorption of several vitamins and also helps the ______________ to develop. A) kidneys B) nervous system C) reproductive system D) skin
Nervous system
Declining vision in the elderly is thought to be caused by A) decreased immune function B) oxidative damage C) increased inflammation D) dehydration
Oxidative damage
Which of the following is an appropriate feeding philosophy for children? A) Parents should be responsible for choosing how much and when the child should eat. B) Parents should present a variety of nutritious food choices and avoid making the dinner table into a battleground. C) Children should be forced to eat what is good for them. D) Parents should present nutritious food choices to children and not worry about their own eating habits.
Parents should present a variety of nutritious food choices and avoid making the dinner table into a battleground.
The _____ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus. A) ovary B) uterus C) placenta D) endometrium
Placenta
Which environmental contaminant has bioaccumulated in fish and can cause significant damage to unborn babies? A) Polychorinated biphenyls B) Lead C) Arsenic D) Chlordane
Polychorinated biphenyls
A pregnant woman with high blood pressure, edema, and proteins in the urine has what condition? A) Gestational diabetes B) Pica C) Placenta previa D) Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia
_____ stimulates milk production by certain cells in the breast. A) Prolactin B) Progesterone C) Oxytocin D) Estrogen
Prolactin
Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella? A) Canned applesauce B) Honey C) Dry milk powder D) Raw chicken
Raw chicken
A common cause of foodborne illness that results from sneezing or coughing over food is A) Salmonella. B) Clostridium perfringens. C) Staphylococcus aureus. D) Listeria monocytogenes.
Staphylococcus aureus.
Adolescents consume which beverage type the most? A) Sweetened beverages B) 100% fruit juices C) Milk D) Coffee
Sweetened beverages
Which of the following is not true about snacks for preschool children? A) They should be avoided under most circumstances. B) They are appropriate if timed so that appetite is not impaired at meals. C) They should be nutrient-dense. D) They are appropriate if the snack contributes to the total day's nutrient intake.
They should be avoided under most circumstances.
Which agency is responsible for enforcing the standars for red meat, poultry and eggs? A) WHO B) FDA C) EPA D) USDA
USDA
Which of the following agencies certifies foods for "organic" labeling? A) Environmental Protection Agency B) FDA C) National Marine Fishery Service D) USDA
USDA
A ____ is simply a piece of genetic material coated with protein. A) virus B) protozoan C) bacterium D) parasite
Virus
The metabolism of alcohol can result in increased levels of __________. This increase causes its conversion to ____________ which is stored in the _____________. A) acetyl CoA; triglycerides; liver B) antioxidants; oxygen; skeletal muscle C) MEOS; alcohol dehydrogenase; mitochondria D) cetyl CoA; glycogen; liver
acetyl CoA; triglycerides; liver
High temperature baking or frying of carbodrate-rich foods can cause the formation of A) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons B) cadmium C) acrylamide D) mercury
acrylamide
In children, iron is necessary for: A) growth B) hemoglobin production C) learning ability D) all of the above
all of the above
Which of the following is associated with age-related changes? A) cumulative effects of loss of cells B) decreased ability to repair damaged cells C) decreased ability to fight infection D) all of the above
all of the above
In which step from farm to table can food be contaminated? A) farm B) processing C) retail D) all of the above can cause contamination
all of the above can cause contamination
Pathogens A) cause oxidation of nutrients. B) are disease-causing microbes. C) damage DNA. D) protect cells from free radical destruction.
are disease-causing microbes
Infants should not be fed honey because it can contain A) high-fructose corn syrup. B) botulinum spores. C) lead. D) E. coli
botulinum spores.
Which is a risk factor of adolescent smoking? A) cardiovascular disease B) obesity C) liver disease D) all of the above
cardiovascular disease
Food commonly associated with Salmonella intoxication are A) gravies and sauces. B) chicken and eggs. C) cooked fish. D) custards and cream-filled pastries.
chicken and eggs
Treating food with gamma radiation as a preservation method is called A) pasteurization. B) aseptic processing. C) cold pasteurization. D) bioaccumulation.
cold pasteurization.
What should caregivers of children do at meal time to help create healthy eating habits? A) eat the way you want the child to eat. B) put a time limit on finishing C) use desserts as a reward for finishing D) eat in front of the TV
eat the way you want the child to eat.
The decrease in lean tissue that occurs with aging can best be prevented by A) eating a lot of protein. B) exercise and a weight-training program. C) eating more calories. D) taking vitamin and mineral supplements.
exercise and a weight-training program
All of the following are poor pregnancy practices except A) restricting weight gain to 15 to 18 pounds. B) smoking. C) gaining 25 to 35 pounds. D) completely avoiding exercise.
gaining 25 to 35 pounds
Viruses cause food borne illnesses by transferring their _____________ ______________ into ______________ cells and those cells make new viruses. A) genetic material; muscle B) protein coats; gastric C) genetic material; mucosal D) protein coats; mucosal
genetic material; mucosal
Pregnant women who develop gestational diabetes are more likely to give birth to ______ infants than pregnant women who do not have this condition. A) high-birth-weight B) low-birth-weight C) term D) None of these is correct
high-birth-weight
Reduced _____ production is an effect of atrophic gastritis, which decreases an elderly person's ability to absorb _____. A) pepsin; Vitamin B6 B) gastrin; carbohydrates C) intrinsic factor; Vitamin B12 D) bile; fats
intrinsic factor; Vitamin B12
Which of the following is the best definition of life expectancy? A) The time an average person can expect to live B) The maximum number of years humans live C) The rate of death from a variety of diseases D) The rate of disability from a variety of diseases
the time an average person can expect to live