Lesson 14

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According to path-goal theory, which of the following statements regarding the importance of follower characteristics are true?

Ability is people's beliefs about their abilities to perform their jobs. Authoritarianism is the degree to which individuals defer to authority. Locus of control is the extent to which people believe they can affect their environment.

Which of the following are pertinent leadership behaviors that path-goal theory identifies?

Achievement-oriented Supportive Participative Directive

What are the key follower characteristics in path-goal theory that determine the appropriateness of various leadership styles?

Authoritarianism Locus of control Ability

Which of the four leadership behaviors in path-goal theory is a form of task performance-oriented behavior?

Directive leadership

According to path-goal theory, the important environmental factors that determine appropriate leadership style are which of the following?

Existing formal authority system Primary work group People's tasks

Forces in the manager

Feelings of security, personal values, and confidence in employees

Which model of leadership asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on personal style and the degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence over the situation?

Fiedler's contingency model

According to the Tannenbaum and Schmidt model of situational leadership, what are the factors managers should consider before deciding how to lead?

Forces in the subordinate Forces in the manager Forces in the situation

What are situational factors used to analyze problems under the Vroom model of leadership?

Group expertise Likelihood of commitment Decision significance

What was the primary focus of Robert House's path-goal theory?

He focused on what managers can do to motivate their employees to achieve group and organizational goals

When a situation is unfavorable for leading, how does this impact the manager's job?

It becomes difficult to maintain situational control.

Which leader attribute is described as having the experience and intelligence to interpret large quantities of information?

Knowledge of the business

Who of the following are examples of transformational leaders in business?

Lee Iacocca Jeff Bezos

________ power is power managers have resulting from their formal positions within organizations.

Legitimate

______ leadership combines strong professional will and personal humility.

Level 5

According to path-goal theory, which leadership style would be most appropriate when an employee has an internal locus of control?

Participative

Which of the following are part of the personality characteristic of a leader with drive?

Persistence in the face of adversity Ambition High levels of energy High need for achievement

According to Fiedler, which of the following determine the favorability of a situation?

Position power Task structure Leader-member relations

A pseudotransformational leader is most likely to do which of the following?

Put their own self-interests ahead of their followers

__________ power, which all managers have, is power that results from a manager's authority to offer praise and pay raises, even promotions to his or her subordinates.

Reward

What are the basic leadership styles described by Fiedler?

Task-motivated Relationship-motivated

According to Fiedler's contingency model, a leader's effectiveness depends on which of the following?

The degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence The personal style of the leader

True or false: Situational leadership means that leaders vary their behavior from situation to situation.

True

Forces in the situation

Type of leadership style the organization values and the type of information needed to solve the problem

Forces in the subordinate

Understanding and accepting the organization's goals, readiness to assume responsibility, and interest in the task or problem

The leadership model that emphasizes how leaders go about making decisions is called the ______ model.

Vroom

The participative leadership style is most appropriate when a follower has a(n) locus of control.

internal

People with an external locus of control believe that what happens to them is ______.

controlled by something other than themselves

The two key situational factors in path-goal theory are personal characteristics of ______, and the environmental pressures and demands they must cope with.

followers

Path-goal theory proposes that leaders should ______.

increase opportunities for personal satisfaction analyze and adapt their styles accordingly

The relationship-motivated leadership style in Fiedler's leadership model is described as ______.

maintaining good interpersonal associations with followers

One of the key situational factors in -goal theory is the environmental pressures and demands with which followers must cope to attain their work goals.

path

According to ______ theory, three important environmental factors determine appropriate leadership style.

path-goal

The belief that leaders influence their followers' perceptions of their work goals and their path in attaining them is known as ______ theory.

path-goal

In path-goal theory, the functions of a leader that are of particular importance are to ______.

provide coaching and direction reduce barriers to goal attainment increase opportunities for personal satisfaction

Leadership that places primary emphasis on maintaining good interpersonal relationships is known as ______ leadership.

relationship-motivated

A ________ approach is a leadership perspective that proposes universally important traits and behaviors do not exist and that effective leadership behavior varies.

situational

When leaders vary their behavior from situation to situation they are demonstrating a ______ leadership approach.

situational

People with a high internal locus of control ______ for their own actions.

take responsibility

According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, relationship-oriented leaders are most effective in moderately favorable situations, whereas ______-oriented leaders are most effective in situations that are very favorable or very unfavorable.

task

According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, task-motivated leaders should be used when the ______ is structured and the leader member relations are good.

task

Leadership that emphasizes completion of assignments or jobs is called _____ leadership in Fiedler's contingency model.

task-motivated

The ________ approach to leadership attempts to identify distinctive characteristics that account for the effectiveness of leaders.

trait

Integrity is defined as the correspondence between actions and .

words

Effective leaders should display ______ behaviors.

both transactional and transformational

The approach to leadership that suggests that effective leadership behavior depends on the situation at hand is the ________ approach.

contingency

According to University of Michigan research, the most effective managers engage in ______.

coordinating scheduling planning

Leaders at different levels in different departments acquire special knowledge, skills, and expertise, which gives them ______ power.

expert

Medical knowledge possessed by doctors results in their ______ power.

expert

A manager must be a leader to his subordinates, and a ______ to his boss.

follower

Transformational leadership theory emphasizes generating excitement in followers through ______.

giving individualized attention to subordinates intellectually stimulating subordinates being a charismatic leader

Actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of group members are ______ behaviors.

group maintenance

Drive refers to characteristics that reflect a(n) ______ of effort.

high level

Leadership motivation is a combination of extraversion and ______.

high need for power

In the ______ leadership model, a leader makes desirable rewards available in the workplace and clarifies how followers can obtain them.

path-goal

Task-oriented behaviors include planning, scheduling, coordinating, providing resources, and ______.

setting performance goals

The appropriateness of democratic leadership depends on the characteristics of the leaders, the followers, and the ______.

situation

A democratic decision may not be appropriate when ______ or decisiveness is of the essence.

speed

Leaders who give purpose and meaning to an organization by anticipating and envisioning a viable future are known as leaders.

strategic

Group maintenance behaviors focus on ______.

stress reduction people's feelings and comfort

Larisa provides guidance to her employees. She also supports them when necessary and provides corrective feedback in their day-to-day activities. Larisa is practicing ______ leadership.

supervisory

Which type of leadership behavior gives purpose and meaning to organizations?

Strategic

The skill of ______ contributes to transformational leadership.

possessing a vision

Which of the following provides the best example of legitimate power?

A supervisor tells a subordinate to wear safety goggles.

Which of the following type of leader is most likely to motivate people to transcend their personal interests for the sake of the organization?

A transformational leader

Which statement about leadership is true?

A wide range of effective leadership styles exist.

Leaders considered to be charismatic leaders inspire which of the following in their followers?

Admiration Affection Trust

A style in which the leader is true to himself or herself is called ______ leadership.

Authentic

______ leadership is when a leader stays true to himself or herself while leading.

Authentic

Traditional approaches to understanding leadership include which of the following?

Behavioral Trait Situational

What are traditional approaches to leadership?

Behavioral approach Situational approach Trait approach

When Alexandra arrived at work late for the third time in one month, causing her to be late for a staff meeting, Pietro, her manager, called her into his office. "You must get to work on time, Alexandra. One more time, and I will have to start reducing the amount of that bonus we had discussed." What type of power is Pietro using?

Coercive

______ leadership styles give a company a competitive edge over others because they know there is no "one best way."

Diverse

Identify key behaviors that people want and need from their leaders, according to Kouzes and Posner.

Encourage the heart Inspire a shared vision Model the way

True or false: Effective leaders use one style of leadership.

False

True or false: Laissez-faire leadership assumes managers make most decisions.

False

True or false: The most effective leaders chose either transformational behaviors or transactional behaviors, but not both.

False

Task performance leadership behaviors focus on which of the following?

Following the rules Work speed Quantity of output

______ leadership is behavior that provides guidance, support, and corrective feedback.

Supervisory

Which of the following are essential skills or strategies that contribute to the effectiveness of transformational leaders?

Recognizing their personal strengths Being consistent and dependable Conveying a vision

According to the trait theory, effective leaders must have a high level of knowledge about which of the following?

Their companies Technical matters Their industries

Which of the following are characteristics of effective followers?

Their performance standards are higher than required. They are committed to the organization They are enthusiastic.

Which of the following statements is generally true about managers who have expert power?

They have acquired special knowledge, skills, and expertise in a certain area, but the nature of their power could vary depending on their level.

______ leaders view management as a series of steps in which they use their powers in a dispassionate manner to get work done.

Transactional

______ leadership helps employees pursue organizational goals over self-interests.

Transformational

True or false: Effective followers master skills that are useful to their organizations.

True

True or false: It is important for managers to act as followers as well as leaders.

True

Which of the following characterize authentic leaders?

Trustworthiness Integrity Reliability Honesty

The behavioral approach to leadership attempts to identify which of the following?

What good leaders do

During the attacks of September 11, American Express lost 11 employees and suffered major damage to its headquarters. Chenault gathered his employees in Madison Square Garden and declared that the company was "sound" and "will overcome" the tragedy. Based on Path-Goal Theory, what style of leader behavior does this represent?

achievement-oriented

Charismatic leaders ______.

are exceptionally self-confident have strong convictions in the moral righteousness of their beliefs are dominant

When leaders strive for credibility in the form of honesty, genuineness, reliability, integrity, and trustworthiness, they are said to be ______ leaders.

authentic

A leader who exhibits a(n) ______ style will make decisions alone, without participation by the group.

autocratic

The focus of behavioral leadership is on how leaders ______.

behave

Group maintenance is one of the aspects of the ______ approach to leadership.

behavioral

The _____ approach downplays personal characteristics in favor of the actual conduct that leaders exhibit.

behavioral

A leader who has a vision, a strong conviction in the moral righteousness of his or her beliefs, and the ability to communicate it to others exemplifies the essence of ______.

charisma

Chenault was a celebrity at American Express. He was dominant and self-confident, and created an aura of competence and success at the organization. Based on this, Chenault was most likely a(n) __________ leader.

charismatic

Jon is able to get his employees to support his vision for the department because he is a self-confident leader who is enthusiastic and excited about his vision. Jon is a(n) ______ leader whose style may be particularly effective when organizations are undergoing transformations.

charismatic

Leaders who are dominant, self-confident, and able to communicate their vision to subordinates are ______ leaders.

charismatic

Leaders who contribute to their organizations by inspiring trust, confidence, and acceptance are identified as ______ leaders.

charismatic

The essence of a ______ leader is having a vision and enthusiastically communicating it to others.

charismatic

The excitement, dominance, and self-confidence of ______ leaders contribute to their ability to inspire followers to enthusiastically support their vision.

charismatic

In ______ leadership, input is solicited by leaders from others.

democratic

Studies of leadership behavior have focused on which of the following aspects?

employee participation in decision making group maintenance task performance

According to Kouzes and Posner, the best leaders are able to challenge the process, inspire a shared vision, enable others to act, model the way, and ______.

encourage the heart

Leadership is the ability to ________ employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals.

influence

Power is defined as the capacity to ______ other people despite resistance.

influence

A manager is said to have ______ when the manager's actions correspond with what the manager says.

integrity

The absence of managerial decision making is known as ______ leadership.

laissez-faire

Extraversion is consistently related to ______.

leadership effectiveness

When a leader has the right or authority to tell others what to do, the leader has ______ power.

legitimate

A combination of strong professional will and humility that builds enduring greatness describes ______ leadership.

level 5

It is important for leaders to possess self-confidence in order to ______.

make decisions despite uncertainty instill confidence in others overcome obstacles

Instead of setting the vision for a firm, ______ are responsible for duties such as staffing, budgeting, and monitoring results.

managers

Managing and leading are distinctly different. Management deals with day-to-day operations, whereas leadership deals with ______ others.

motivating

Self-confidence enables a leader to ______.

overcome obstacles

Legitimate, coercive, reward, expert, and referent ______ are the five sources of leadership.

power

When a leader is able to get things done or accomplish goals even when others resist, the leader has ______.

power

A(n) ______ leader is one who ignores the needs of his followers and puts his own self-interests first.

pseudotransformational

Jason ignores the needs of his followers and pursues his own interests. He is called a(n) ______ leader.

pseudotransformational

Based on how attracted his followers were to his vision, what source of power did Chenault have at American Express?

referent

Leaders have _____ power as a result of subordinate and coworker respect, admiration, and loyalty.

referent

The employees who work for Jon have a lot of respect and admiration for him. As a result, they are very loyal to him. This is an example of _____ power.

referent

According to French and Raven, which of the following is one of the five sources of managerial power?

reward

Greta, the manager of a local bank, needs to be able to better motivate her employees. She has asked her supervisor for the authority to give and withhold incentives. Greta is asking for an increase in her ______ power.

reward

Managers' ability to give or withhold tangible and intangible incentives is their ______ power.

reward

Actions taken to ensure that the work group or organization reaches its goals are called ______ behaviors.

task performance

When managers have coercive power, they may respond to employees who are slow to complete a task by ______.

threatening to dock their pay or reduce their working hours if they don't shape up

A leadership perspective that attempts to determine the personal characteristics of effective leaders is called the ______ approach.

trait

The approach to leadership assumes that there is a "leadership personality" and that leaders are born, not made.

trait

A leader is someone who uses his or her legitimate power to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered.

transactional

A leader who is able to generate excitement and revitalize an organization is a _____ leader.

transformational

As a ______ leader, Ben can generate excitement in his followers by being a charismatic leader, intellectually stimulating subordinates, and/or giving individualized attention to subordinates.

transformational

Chenault was able to influence employees in a way that they pursued American Express' goals over their own self-interests. What type of leadership did this portray?

transformational

Henry Ford and Herb Kelleher are examples of ______ leaders.

transformational

It is important for managers to adjust their personal leadership approach to the needs and goals of others. For this reason, effective leaders use ______ leadership styles.

various


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