Lesson 14
According to path-goal theory, which of the following statements regarding the importance of follower characteristics are true?
Ability is people's beliefs about their abilities to perform their jobs. Authoritarianism is the degree to which individuals defer to authority. Locus of control is the extent to which people believe they can affect their environment.
Which of the following are pertinent leadership behaviors that path-goal theory identifies?
Achievement-oriented Supportive Participative Directive
What are the key follower characteristics in path-goal theory that determine the appropriateness of various leadership styles?
Authoritarianism Locus of control Ability
Which of the four leadership behaviors in path-goal theory is a form of task performance-oriented behavior?
Directive leadership
According to path-goal theory, the important environmental factors that determine appropriate leadership style are which of the following?
Existing formal authority system Primary work group People's tasks
Forces in the manager
Feelings of security, personal values, and confidence in employees
Which model of leadership asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on personal style and the degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence over the situation?
Fiedler's contingency model
According to the Tannenbaum and Schmidt model of situational leadership, what are the factors managers should consider before deciding how to lead?
Forces in the subordinate Forces in the manager Forces in the situation
What are situational factors used to analyze problems under the Vroom model of leadership?
Group expertise Likelihood of commitment Decision significance
What was the primary focus of Robert House's path-goal theory?
He focused on what managers can do to motivate their employees to achieve group and organizational goals
When a situation is unfavorable for leading, how does this impact the manager's job?
It becomes difficult to maintain situational control.
Which leader attribute is described as having the experience and intelligence to interpret large quantities of information?
Knowledge of the business
Who of the following are examples of transformational leaders in business?
Lee Iacocca Jeff Bezos
________ power is power managers have resulting from their formal positions within organizations.
Legitimate
______ leadership combines strong professional will and personal humility.
Level 5
According to path-goal theory, which leadership style would be most appropriate when an employee has an internal locus of control?
Participative
Which of the following are part of the personality characteristic of a leader with drive?
Persistence in the face of adversity Ambition High levels of energy High need for achievement
According to Fiedler, which of the following determine the favorability of a situation?
Position power Task structure Leader-member relations
A pseudotransformational leader is most likely to do which of the following?
Put their own self-interests ahead of their followers
__________ power, which all managers have, is power that results from a manager's authority to offer praise and pay raises, even promotions to his or her subordinates.
Reward
What are the basic leadership styles described by Fiedler?
Task-motivated Relationship-motivated
According to Fiedler's contingency model, a leader's effectiveness depends on which of the following?
The degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence The personal style of the leader
True or false: Situational leadership means that leaders vary their behavior from situation to situation.
True
Forces in the situation
Type of leadership style the organization values and the type of information needed to solve the problem
Forces in the subordinate
Understanding and accepting the organization's goals, readiness to assume responsibility, and interest in the task or problem
The leadership model that emphasizes how leaders go about making decisions is called the ______ model.
Vroom
The participative leadership style is most appropriate when a follower has a(n) locus of control.
internal
People with an external locus of control believe that what happens to them is ______.
controlled by something other than themselves
The two key situational factors in path-goal theory are personal characteristics of ______, and the environmental pressures and demands they must cope with.
followers
Path-goal theory proposes that leaders should ______.
increase opportunities for personal satisfaction analyze and adapt their styles accordingly
The relationship-motivated leadership style in Fiedler's leadership model is described as ______.
maintaining good interpersonal associations with followers
One of the key situational factors in -goal theory is the environmental pressures and demands with which followers must cope to attain their work goals.
path
According to ______ theory, three important environmental factors determine appropriate leadership style.
path-goal
The belief that leaders influence their followers' perceptions of their work goals and their path in attaining them is known as ______ theory.
path-goal
In path-goal theory, the functions of a leader that are of particular importance are to ______.
provide coaching and direction reduce barriers to goal attainment increase opportunities for personal satisfaction
Leadership that places primary emphasis on maintaining good interpersonal relationships is known as ______ leadership.
relationship-motivated
A ________ approach is a leadership perspective that proposes universally important traits and behaviors do not exist and that effective leadership behavior varies.
situational
When leaders vary their behavior from situation to situation they are demonstrating a ______ leadership approach.
situational
People with a high internal locus of control ______ for their own actions.
take responsibility
According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, relationship-oriented leaders are most effective in moderately favorable situations, whereas ______-oriented leaders are most effective in situations that are very favorable or very unfavorable.
task
According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, task-motivated leaders should be used when the ______ is structured and the leader member relations are good.
task
Leadership that emphasizes completion of assignments or jobs is called _____ leadership in Fiedler's contingency model.
task-motivated
The ________ approach to leadership attempts to identify distinctive characteristics that account for the effectiveness of leaders.
trait
Integrity is defined as the correspondence between actions and .
words
Effective leaders should display ______ behaviors.
both transactional and transformational
The approach to leadership that suggests that effective leadership behavior depends on the situation at hand is the ________ approach.
contingency
According to University of Michigan research, the most effective managers engage in ______.
coordinating scheduling planning
Leaders at different levels in different departments acquire special knowledge, skills, and expertise, which gives them ______ power.
expert
Medical knowledge possessed by doctors results in their ______ power.
expert
A manager must be a leader to his subordinates, and a ______ to his boss.
follower
Transformational leadership theory emphasizes generating excitement in followers through ______.
giving individualized attention to subordinates intellectually stimulating subordinates being a charismatic leader
Actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of group members are ______ behaviors.
group maintenance
Drive refers to characteristics that reflect a(n) ______ of effort.
high level
Leadership motivation is a combination of extraversion and ______.
high need for power
In the ______ leadership model, a leader makes desirable rewards available in the workplace and clarifies how followers can obtain them.
path-goal
Task-oriented behaviors include planning, scheduling, coordinating, providing resources, and ______.
setting performance goals
The appropriateness of democratic leadership depends on the characteristics of the leaders, the followers, and the ______.
situation
A democratic decision may not be appropriate when ______ or decisiveness is of the essence.
speed
Leaders who give purpose and meaning to an organization by anticipating and envisioning a viable future are known as leaders.
strategic
Group maintenance behaviors focus on ______.
stress reduction people's feelings and comfort
Larisa provides guidance to her employees. She also supports them when necessary and provides corrective feedback in their day-to-day activities. Larisa is practicing ______ leadership.
supervisory
Which type of leadership behavior gives purpose and meaning to organizations?
Strategic
The skill of ______ contributes to transformational leadership.
possessing a vision
Which of the following provides the best example of legitimate power?
A supervisor tells a subordinate to wear safety goggles.
Which of the following type of leader is most likely to motivate people to transcend their personal interests for the sake of the organization?
A transformational leader
Which statement about leadership is true?
A wide range of effective leadership styles exist.
Leaders considered to be charismatic leaders inspire which of the following in their followers?
Admiration Affection Trust
A style in which the leader is true to himself or herself is called ______ leadership.
Authentic
______ leadership is when a leader stays true to himself or herself while leading.
Authentic
Traditional approaches to understanding leadership include which of the following?
Behavioral Trait Situational
What are traditional approaches to leadership?
Behavioral approach Situational approach Trait approach
When Alexandra arrived at work late for the third time in one month, causing her to be late for a staff meeting, Pietro, her manager, called her into his office. "You must get to work on time, Alexandra. One more time, and I will have to start reducing the amount of that bonus we had discussed." What type of power is Pietro using?
Coercive
______ leadership styles give a company a competitive edge over others because they know there is no "one best way."
Diverse
Identify key behaviors that people want and need from their leaders, according to Kouzes and Posner.
Encourage the heart Inspire a shared vision Model the way
True or false: Effective leaders use one style of leadership.
False
True or false: Laissez-faire leadership assumes managers make most decisions.
False
True or false: The most effective leaders chose either transformational behaviors or transactional behaviors, but not both.
False
Task performance leadership behaviors focus on which of the following?
Following the rules Work speed Quantity of output
______ leadership is behavior that provides guidance, support, and corrective feedback.
Supervisory
Which of the following are essential skills or strategies that contribute to the effectiveness of transformational leaders?
Recognizing their personal strengths Being consistent and dependable Conveying a vision
According to the trait theory, effective leaders must have a high level of knowledge about which of the following?
Their companies Technical matters Their industries
Which of the following are characteristics of effective followers?
Their performance standards are higher than required. They are committed to the organization They are enthusiastic.
Which of the following statements is generally true about managers who have expert power?
They have acquired special knowledge, skills, and expertise in a certain area, but the nature of their power could vary depending on their level.
______ leaders view management as a series of steps in which they use their powers in a dispassionate manner to get work done.
Transactional
______ leadership helps employees pursue organizational goals over self-interests.
Transformational
True or false: Effective followers master skills that are useful to their organizations.
True
True or false: It is important for managers to act as followers as well as leaders.
True
Which of the following characterize authentic leaders?
Trustworthiness Integrity Reliability Honesty
The behavioral approach to leadership attempts to identify which of the following?
What good leaders do
During the attacks of September 11, American Express lost 11 employees and suffered major damage to its headquarters. Chenault gathered his employees in Madison Square Garden and declared that the company was "sound" and "will overcome" the tragedy. Based on Path-Goal Theory, what style of leader behavior does this represent?
achievement-oriented
Charismatic leaders ______.
are exceptionally self-confident have strong convictions in the moral righteousness of their beliefs are dominant
When leaders strive for credibility in the form of honesty, genuineness, reliability, integrity, and trustworthiness, they are said to be ______ leaders.
authentic
A leader who exhibits a(n) ______ style will make decisions alone, without participation by the group.
autocratic
The focus of behavioral leadership is on how leaders ______.
behave
Group maintenance is one of the aspects of the ______ approach to leadership.
behavioral
The _____ approach downplays personal characteristics in favor of the actual conduct that leaders exhibit.
behavioral
A leader who has a vision, a strong conviction in the moral righteousness of his or her beliefs, and the ability to communicate it to others exemplifies the essence of ______.
charisma
Chenault was a celebrity at American Express. He was dominant and self-confident, and created an aura of competence and success at the organization. Based on this, Chenault was most likely a(n) __________ leader.
charismatic
Jon is able to get his employees to support his vision for the department because he is a self-confident leader who is enthusiastic and excited about his vision. Jon is a(n) ______ leader whose style may be particularly effective when organizations are undergoing transformations.
charismatic
Leaders who are dominant, self-confident, and able to communicate their vision to subordinates are ______ leaders.
charismatic
Leaders who contribute to their organizations by inspiring trust, confidence, and acceptance are identified as ______ leaders.
charismatic
The essence of a ______ leader is having a vision and enthusiastically communicating it to others.
charismatic
The excitement, dominance, and self-confidence of ______ leaders contribute to their ability to inspire followers to enthusiastically support their vision.
charismatic
In ______ leadership, input is solicited by leaders from others.
democratic
Studies of leadership behavior have focused on which of the following aspects?
employee participation in decision making group maintenance task performance
According to Kouzes and Posner, the best leaders are able to challenge the process, inspire a shared vision, enable others to act, model the way, and ______.
encourage the heart
Leadership is the ability to ________ employees to voluntarily pursue organizational goals.
influence
Power is defined as the capacity to ______ other people despite resistance.
influence
A manager is said to have ______ when the manager's actions correspond with what the manager says.
integrity
The absence of managerial decision making is known as ______ leadership.
laissez-faire
Extraversion is consistently related to ______.
leadership effectiveness
When a leader has the right or authority to tell others what to do, the leader has ______ power.
legitimate
A combination of strong professional will and humility that builds enduring greatness describes ______ leadership.
level 5
It is important for leaders to possess self-confidence in order to ______.
make decisions despite uncertainty instill confidence in others overcome obstacles
Instead of setting the vision for a firm, ______ are responsible for duties such as staffing, budgeting, and monitoring results.
managers
Managing and leading are distinctly different. Management deals with day-to-day operations, whereas leadership deals with ______ others.
motivating
Self-confidence enables a leader to ______.
overcome obstacles
Legitimate, coercive, reward, expert, and referent ______ are the five sources of leadership.
power
When a leader is able to get things done or accomplish goals even when others resist, the leader has ______.
power
A(n) ______ leader is one who ignores the needs of his followers and puts his own self-interests first.
pseudotransformational
Jason ignores the needs of his followers and pursues his own interests. He is called a(n) ______ leader.
pseudotransformational
Based on how attracted his followers were to his vision, what source of power did Chenault have at American Express?
referent
Leaders have _____ power as a result of subordinate and coworker respect, admiration, and loyalty.
referent
The employees who work for Jon have a lot of respect and admiration for him. As a result, they are very loyal to him. This is an example of _____ power.
referent
According to French and Raven, which of the following is one of the five sources of managerial power?
reward
Greta, the manager of a local bank, needs to be able to better motivate her employees. She has asked her supervisor for the authority to give and withhold incentives. Greta is asking for an increase in her ______ power.
reward
Managers' ability to give or withhold tangible and intangible incentives is their ______ power.
reward
Actions taken to ensure that the work group or organization reaches its goals are called ______ behaviors.
task performance
When managers have coercive power, they may respond to employees who are slow to complete a task by ______.
threatening to dock their pay or reduce their working hours if they don't shape up
A leadership perspective that attempts to determine the personal characteristics of effective leaders is called the ______ approach.
trait
The approach to leadership assumes that there is a "leadership personality" and that leaders are born, not made.
trait
A leader is someone who uses his or her legitimate power to give commands and exchange rewards for services rendered.
transactional
A leader who is able to generate excitement and revitalize an organization is a _____ leader.
transformational
As a ______ leader, Ben can generate excitement in his followers by being a charismatic leader, intellectually stimulating subordinates, and/or giving individualized attention to subordinates.
transformational
Chenault was able to influence employees in a way that they pursued American Express' goals over their own self-interests. What type of leadership did this portray?
transformational
Henry Ford and Herb Kelleher are examples of ______ leaders.
transformational
It is important for managers to adjust their personal leadership approach to the needs and goals of others. For this reason, effective leaders use ______ leadership styles.
various