Life Span Dev Ch. 5

Piaget suggested that the third substage the sensorimotor stage occurred betweeen ages

4 and 8 months

On average, infants understand __ words at 13 months

50

a mechanism proposed by Piaget to explain how children shift from one stage of thought to the next

equilibration

memory without conscious recollection; involves skills and routine procedures that are automatically performed

implicit memory

a central feature of cognitive development, pertaining to all situations in which an individual retains information over time

memory

loss of impairment of language ability caused by brain damage

aphasia

Piagetian concept of using existing mental schemes to deal with new information or experience

assimilation

__ occurs when children use their existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences.

assimilation

the focusing of mental resources

attention

Also called AB error, this occurs when infants make the mistake of selecting the familiar hiding place (A) rather than the new hiding place (B), as they progress into Piaget's substage 4 in sensorimotor development

A-not-B error

scales developed by Nancy Bayley that are widely used in the assessment of infant development. The current version has three components.: a mental scale, a motor scale, and an infant behavior profile

Bayley Scales of Infant Development

area in the brain's left frontal lobe involved in speech production

Broca's area

area of the brain's left hemisphere involved in language comprehension

Wernicke's area

__ is a biological endowment that enables children to detect certain language categories such as phonology, syntax, and semantics.

a language acquisition device

Piagetian concept of adjusting schemes to fit new information and experiences

accomodation

language spoken in a higher pitch than normal, with simple words and sentences

child-directed speech

Jean Piaget

contributed to cognitive theory by observing his three children

Piaget's fourth sensorimotor substage, which develops between 8 and 12 months of age. Actions become more outwardly directed and infants coordinate schemes and act with intentionality.

coordination of secondary circular reactions

states that infants are born with domain-specific innate knowledge systems

core knowledge approach

imitation that occurs after a delay of hours or days

deferred imitation

an overall score that combines subscores in motor, language, adaptive, and personal-social domains in teh Gesell assessment of infants

developmental quotient (DQ)

When Jacob says "Me big boy!" his mother replies "Yes, you are a big boy!" This is known as

expanding

memory of facts and experiences that individuals consciously know and can state

explicit memory

Piaget's second sensorimotor substage, which develops between 1 and 4 months of age. In this substage, the infant cooordinates sensation and two types of schemes: habits and primary circular reactions.

first habits and primary circular reactions

The term __ refers to memory without conscious recollection

implicit memory

the ability to produce an endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words and rules

infinite generativity

Piaget's sixth and final sensorimotor substage, which develops between 18 and 24 months of age. In this substage, the infant develops the ability to use primitive symbols.

internalization of schemes

occurs when individuals focus on the same object. It requires the ability to track another's behavior. One individual directs another's attention and reciprocal interaction is present.

joint attention

a form of communication, whether spoken, written, or signed, that is based on a system of symbols

languag

__ is a form of communication based on a system of symbols

language

Chomsky's term to describe a biological endowment that enables the child to detect the features and rules of language, including phonology, syntax, and semantics

language acquisition device (LAD)

units of meaning involved in word formation

morphology

According to Piaget, one of the most important accomplishments in infancy is the development of _

object permanence

Piagetian term for understanding that objects and events continue to exist, even when they cannot directly be seen, heard, or touched

object permanence

Piaget's concept of grouping isolated behaviors into a higher-order, more smoothly functioning cognitive system

organization

the sound system of the language, including the sounds that are used and how they may be combined

phonology

the appropriate use of language in different contexts

pragmatics

a scheme based on the attempt to reproduce an event that initially occurred by chance

primary circular reaction

A(n) ___ is a(n) action or mental representation that organizes knowledge

scheme

In Piaget's theory, actions or mental representations that organize knowledge

schemes

Piaget's third sensorimotor substage, which develops between 4 and 8 months of age. In this substage, the infant becomes more object oriented, moving beyond preoccupation with the self.

secondary circular reactions

the meaning of words and sentences

semantics

Which of the following is Piaget's stage of cognitive development for infancy? formal operational, concrete operational, preoperational, sensorimotor

sensorimotor

the first Piaget stage, in which infants construct an understanding of the world through sensory experiences and motor actions

sensorimotor stage

Piaget's first sensorimotor substage, which corresponds to the first month after birth. In this substage, sensation and action are coordinated primarily through reflexive behaviors

simple reflexes

The placement of words, such as where an adjective would be in a sentence, is called

snytax

Andrew Meltzoff is known for

studying "gaze following"

the way that words are combined to form acceptable phases and sentences

syntax

__ is the use of short and precise words without grammatical markers.

telegraphic speech

the use of short and precise words without grammatical markers, such as articles, auxiliary words, and other connectives

telegraphic speech

Piaget's fifth substage of the sensorimotor period involves __ circular reactions.

tertiary

Piaget's fifth sensorimotor substage, which develops between 12 and 18 months of age. In this substage, infants become intrigued by the many properties of objects and by the many things that they can make happen to objects

tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity

Joint attention requires all of the following, EXCEPT: the ability to recognize something recently experienced, reciprocal interaction, an ability to track another's behavior, one person directing another's attention

the ability to recognize something recently experienced

A 20-month-old child would most likely communicate with

two-word utterances