Life Span Final Ch.9-19

Which of the following is a predictor of school dropout? a. Excessive school absence b. Reading above grade level c. Being young for one's grade level d. Being increasingly involved in sports

a. Excessive school absence

Which of the following is true regarding causes of death during early adulthood? a. Homicide and suicide are among the leading causes of death during this time. b. HIV/AIDS is the leading cause of death during this time. c. Heart disease and cancer are the leading causes of death during this time. d. The rate of accidents is higher than it was during adolescence.

a. Homicide and suicide are among the leading causes of death during this time.

Which of the following statements is true of estrogen? a. It promotes the growth of the fatty and supporting tissue in the hips and buttocks. b. It accelerates the female growth spurt some years after testosterone accelerates that of males. c. It prevents the long bones from making further gains in length in females. d. It brings about the cessation of menarche in women.

a. It promotes the growth of the fatty and supporting tissue in the hips and buttocks.

Identify a true statement about antisocial and criminal behaviors by adolescents. a. Many juvenile delinquency cases may be disposed of informally, as by referral to a mental health agency. b. About eight in ten serious crimes in the United States are committed by individuals under the age of 21. c. About seven in ten serious crimes in the United States are committed by individuals under the age of 18. d. Girls are much more likely than boys to engage in delinquent behavior such as robbery.

a. Many juvenile delinquency cases may be disposed of informally, as by referral to a mental health agency.

______ levels in boys are linked to sexual interest but not necessarily to sexual behaviors. a. Testosterone b. Estrogen c. Progesterone d. Glutamate

a. Testosterone

When is ________ self-esteem at its lowest during adolescence? a. age 12-13 b. age 14-15 c. age 16-17 d. age 18-19

a. age 12-13

Adolescents from authoritative homes: ' a. are more self-reliant b. are more critical of their parents c. are more likely to rebel d. have higher rates of psychological problems

a. are more self-reliant

According to Piaget, at what age will most children enter the concrete operations stage of cognitive development? a. by age 7 b. by age 12 c. between the ages of 4 and 6 d. usually by age 2

a. by age 7

In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, ________ is a stable investment in one's goals, values, or beliefs. a. commitment b. diffusion c. foreclosure d. exploration

a. commitment

In middle childhood, _______ thought tends to emerge, and children usually begin to judge right and wrong in terms of social conventions, rules, and laws. a. conventional b. preconventional c. postconventional d. transcendental

a. conventional

During adolescence, girls gain almost twice as much _______as boys do, whereas boys gain twice as much as girls do_______. a. fatty tissue; muscle tissue b. muscle tissue; fatty tissue c. height; weight d. weight; height

a. fatty tissue; muscle tissue

In the context of the identity statuses theorized by James Marcia, the stage of identity achievement is characterized by individuals who: a. have high self-esteem and self-acceptance. b. have made unsuitable career commitments without exploring any alternatives. c. have no firm commitments. d. are rebellious.

a. have high self-esteem and self-acceptance.

Diana has finished college and is beginning a new job in a city far from her parents' home. She is continuing a process of _____ and _____. a. individuation; separation b. hegemony; separation c. separation; enclosure d. enclosure; individuation

a. individuation; separation

According to Erikson, children in middle childhood are in the_________stage of psychosocial development. a. industry versus inferiority b. initiative versus guilt c. trust versus mistrust d. dependence versus independence

a. industry versus inferiority

Which of the following account for 80% of deaths among adolescents? a. injuries b. suicide c. homicide d. cancer

a. injuries

The stage of development that Erikson suggested occurred during early adulthood is: a. intimacy vs. isolation b. intimacy vs. despair c. identity vs. identify confusion d. identity vs. intimacy

a. intimacy vs. isolation

What happens to self-esteem throughout middle childhood? a. it declines b. it becomes more solidified c. it becomes less differentiated d. it increases

a. it declines

Ego identity is: a. one's answer to the question, "Who am I?" b. an identity adopted from one's parents c. the same as self-esteem d. established by age 3 to 5

a. one's answer to the question, "Who am I?"

The phrase "Birds of a feather flock together": a. reflects the likelihood that similar people are more likely to remain as partners. b. is not upheld by research on mate selection. c. means the same thing as "Opposites attract". d. has been found to be accurate for people in their young adulthood years ,but becomes less correct as we age

a. reflects the likelihood that similar people are more likely to remain as partners.

Ego identity is best described as a(n): a. sense of what one stands for. b. identity of self that is adopted from one's parents. c. inflated sense of one's abilities. d. distorted perception of one's worth.

a. sense of what one stands for.

Which type of memory can be referred to as trace memory? a. sensory b. short-term c. long-term d. automatic

a. sensory

What triggers the development of acne? a. the production of testosterone b. poor hygiene during adolescence c. excess stress d. eating sweet foods such as chocolate

a. the production of testosterone

The average boy needs______calories per day to fuel adolescent growth. a. 1,800 to 2,400 b. 2,200 to 3,200 c. 3,200 to 5,000 d. greater than 5,000

b. 2,200 to 3,200

_________include alcohol, narcotics derived from the opium poppy (such as heroin, morphine, and codeine), and sedatives (such as barbiturates and methaqualone). a. Stimulants b. Depressants c. Hallucinogenics d. Amphetamines

b. Depressants

Which of the following statements is true of masturbation? a. It causes a decline in one's sex drive if practiced frequently. b. It is a sexual outlet that does not require a partner. c. It is widely practiced by women and not men. d. It is an indication of a homosexual orientation.

b. It is a sexual outlet that does not require a partner.

Which of the following statements is true of cocaine? a. It dilates the arteries of the heart. b. It spikes the blood pressure. c. It decreases the heart rate. d. It thins the blood.

b. It spikes the blood pressure.

Who among the following is at greater risk of dropping out of school? a. Adolescents who adopt adult roles very late b. Students from low-income households c. Students from small urban areas d. Adolescents who are young for their grade level

b. Students from low-income households

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a status offense? a. Amanda, a teenager, attempts to commit suicide by taking an overdose of sleeping pills. b. Tina, a primary school student, is often rebuked for truancy. c. Ted, a young adult, is sexually intimate with his friend Bob. d. Alex, a 20-year-old, is often fined for over speeding.

b. Tina, a primary school student, is often rebuked for truancy.

On average, how many inches do boys add to their height per year during the adolescent growth spurt? a. about 2 inches b. about 4 inches c. about 6 inches d. about 8 inches

b. about 4 inches

Arranged marriages: a. rarely last long. b. are common in some parts of the world today, such as India and Pakistan c. are the same as polygamous marriages d. are actually illegal in the United States of America

b. are common in some parts of the world today, such as India and Pakistan

Which eating disorder is characterized by cycles of binge eating and purging? a. anorexia nervosa b. bulimia nervosa c. rumination disorder d. pica

b. bulimia nervosa

Understanding that "dogs" can also belong in the category called "animals" is an example of: a. linear thinking b. class inclusion c. abstract logic d. a preoperation

b. class inclusion

When presented with Kohlberg's classic moral dilemma, Natalie believes that Heinz should steal the drug because "if he didn't others would blame him for letting his wife die." According to Kohlberg, this is an example of which level of moral development? a. preconventional b. conventional c. postconventional d. meta conventional

b. conventional

Which identity status involves commitment without serious consideration of alternatives? a. moratorium b. foreclosure c. diffusion d. achievement

b. foreclosure

What regulates the menstrual cycle? a. phases of the-month that coincide with lunar phases b. increases and decreases in estrogen and progesterone levels c. the presence or absence of androgens d. the decrease of fat cells in the uterus and abdomen

b. increases and decreases in estrogen and progesterone levels

Reciprocity in relationships: a. is unimportant for determining longevity of relationships. b. involves a two-way giving of admiration and compliments c. shows weakness in a couple's relationship. d. occurs when one partner is comfortable being a "giver" and the other is comfortable being a "receiver."

b. involves a two-way giving of admiration and compliments

POSSLQ: a. is a rare disease affecting young adults in the U.S. b. is an abbreviation indicating unmarried heterosexual people living together. c. is unacceptable for young adults today. d. goes against the mainstream in American society.

b. is an abbreviation indicating unmarried heterosexual people living together.

The most common sexual outlet in adolescence is _________ a. heavy petting b. masturbation c. sexual intercourse d. oral sex

b. masturbation

Divorce: a. is rare in the U.S. today. b. occurs in 40-50% of marriages in the U.S. today c. has declined in rate since the 1960s. d. did not level off in frequency until the year 2000.

b. occurs in 40-50% of marriages in the U.S. today

Jose understands that if A is heavier than B, and B is heavier than C, then A is also heavier than C. This demonstrates: a. seriation b. transitivity c. centration d. egocentrism

b. transitivity

Boys are more likely to commit crimes such as _____ whereas girls are more likely to commit crimes such as ____ a. status offenses; violent crimes b. violent crimes; status offenses c. running away from home; truancy d. sexual offenses; physical attacks

b. violent crimes; status offenses

In formal operational thought, adolescents discover the concept of: a. "what is" b. "what was" c. "what might be" d. ''what was"

c. "what might be"

What is the average gap between initial attraction to members of one's own sex and the disclosure of one's orientation to others? a. 5 years b. 8 years c. 10 years d. 12 years

c. 10 years

By age 6, children's vocabulary is about words. a. 100 b. 1000 c. 10000 d. 100000

c. 10000

The average 7-to 10-year-old requires calories per day. a. 1,300 b. 1,700 c. 2,000 d. 2,400

c. 2,000

Which of the following is a difference between early-maturing girls and girls who mature later on? a. Early-maturing girls are at lower risk for psychological problems than girls who mature later on. b. Early-maturing girls find that shorter boys are less reluctant to approach them than girls who mature later on. c. Early-maturing girls are at greater risk for substance abuse than girls who mature later on. d. Early-maturing girls obtain higher grades in school than girls who mature later on.

c. Early-maturing girls are at greater risk for substance abuse than girls who mature later on.

In the context of the development of identity in humans, which of the following is an assumption made by Erik Erikson? a. Erik Erikson assumed that women were more likely than men to reject the minority culture for the dominant culture. b. Erik Erikson assumed that a woman's relationships with her peers did not play a role in her identity development. c. Erik Erikson assumed that relationships were more important to women's development of identity than occupational matters. d. Erik Erikson assumed that men, unlike women, were less concerned with ideological matters during adolescence.

c. Erik Erikson assumed that relationships were more important to women's development of identity than occupational matters.

Which of the following is a hallucinogenic drug? a. Codeine b. Barbiturate c. Marijuana d. Amphetamine

c. Marijuana

____are physical indicators of sexual maturation that are not directly involved in reproduction. a. Adolescent risk behaviors b. Primary sex characteristics c. Secondary sex characteristics d. Personal fables

c. Secondary sex characteristics

Which of the following is true regarding substance use problems? a. Substance dependence and tolerance are the same thing. b. Abstinence syndrome occurs only when someone quits using a substance altogether f c. Substance dependence means having it in the body becomes the norm. d. Tolerance of a substance is rare for those in early adulthood.

c. Substance dependence means having it in the body becomes the norm.

Daughters of working mothers: a. tend to be worse off than their peers whose mothers do not work outside of the home. b. have more rigid view of gender roles than their peers. c. are more achievement oriented and have higher goals than their peers. d. show a higher devotion to gender-role stereotypes

c. are more achievement oriented and have higher goals than their peers.

Selman called Stage 4 of friendship (ages 12 and above) a. one-way assistance b. fair-weather cooperation c. autonomous interdependence d. momentary physical interaction

c. autonomous interdependence

Females with anorexia nervosa: a. are uncommon b. show no other health indicators other than weight loss c. can lose 25% or more of their body weight in one year d. tend to be of lower socioeconomic status

c. can lose 25% or more of their body weight in one year

Which of the following provides evidence for the role of environment in obesity? a. some children inherit a tendency to turn extra calories into fat b. identical twins have similar body weights regardless of if they were reared together or separately c. ch ildren with overweight parents may have a higher risk of being overweight d. metabolic factors, including one's BMR, affect weight regardless of activity and exercise

c. ch ildren with overweight parents may have a higher risk of being overweight

Fertility during early adulthood: a. declines gradually for women, but rapidly for men. b. declines for women, but not for men. c. changes gradually for both men and women. d. declines dramatically for both men and women.

c. changes gradually for both men and women.

What happens to the height of children in middle childhood? a. there is virtually no growth during this period b. boys outgrow girls during this period c. girls and boys grow just over 2 inches in height per year d. girls outgrow boys during this period

c. girls and boys grow just over 2 inches in height per year

The kind of muscular control needed for gymnastics is called _____ a. fine motor skill b. systemic motor skill c. gross motor skill d. autonomic motor skill

c. gross motor skill

According to Erikson, which of the following is considered a turning point in development? a. psychological moratorium b. self-exploration c. identity crisis d. identity diffusion

c. identity crisis

Five- and six-year old children tend to believe that if they lie or steal, they will be found out and punished for their acts. According to Piaget, what is this called? a. objective morality b. autonomous morality c. immanent justice d. moral realism

c. immanent justice

Bulimia nervosa: a. is another name for anorexia nervosa b. affects older women more often than adolescents or young women c. is connected with irregular menstrual cycles d. is an eating disorder found more often in men than in women

c. is connected with irregular menstrual cycles

Individuation of young adults from their parents: a. involves combining one's own values with those of their parents and society b. is the same thing as separation. c. is considered healthy. d. is stronger for college-bound offspring than those who start their careers early.

c. is considered healthy.

Gay marriage: a. is legal throughout the U. S. today b. has been declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court c. is permitted in several countries, and a few U.S. states today. d. is almost universally frowned upon by citizens of the United States

c. is permitted in several countries, and a few U.S. states today.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding masturbation? a. it is harmful if done too frequently b. it is more commonly reported by females than males c. it may lead to feelings of guilt d. it is engaged in less frequently than petting and oral sex during adolescence

c. it may lead to feelings of guilt

Freud referred to the middle childhood years as the period of the ____stage. a. anal b. phallic c. latency d. oral

c. latency

First menstruation is called ______. a. nocturnal emission b. the climacteric c. menarche d. menstrual activation

c. menarche

Beginning around age 11, males usually begin to develop more____, whereas females develop more____. a. height; weight b. fat; muscle c. muscle; fat d. boys and girls develop equal amounts of fat and muscle beginning around age 11

c. muscle; fat

Which is most important to the self-esteem of those in late adolescence? a. parents b. peers c. parents and peers are equally important d. teachers

c. parents and peers are equally important

Which of Sternberg's components of his triangular theory of love involves intense romantic or sexual desire? a. intimacy b. commitment c. passion d. reciprocity

c. passion

The Weschsler scales have subtests which measure verbal tasks and: a. language skills b. mathematical ability c. performance tasks d. street smarts

c. performance tasks

The final stage of career development, in Super's theory, is: a. fantasy b. realistic c. retirement d. maintenance

c. retirement

Which of the following most accurately describes dating relationships in early adolescence? a. intense b. committed c. short-lived d. sexual

c. short-lived

Amenorrhea is: a. caused by gonorrhea. b. a problem only during late adulthood. c. the absence of menstruation d. is caused by severe menstrual cramps.

c. the absence of menstruation

With dyslexia: a. mathematical equations are difficult to process b. the individual may stutter c. the individual has difficulty learning to read d. the individual has poor language development

c. the individual has difficulty learning to read

When it comes to girls and mathematical performance: a. parents expect girls to perform more poorly b. high performing girls tend to be more confident of their abilities in other areas c. they tend to have lower positive self-concepts in math ability than boys. d. girls are given more encouragement than boys by teachers

c. they tend to have lower positive self-concepts in math ability than boys.

Suicide is the __________ leading cause of death among adolescents a. first b. second c. third d. fourth

c. third

In a study of 13,000 adults, Sprecher and her colleagues (1994) found: a. women more willing to many unemployed men b. men more willing to marry women who were not "good looking" c. women more willing to many men who were not "good looking" d. men were only willing to marry employed women.

c. women more willing to many men who were not "good looking"

By __________ grade, adolescents view their friends as providing more support than parents. a. 7th b. 8th c. 9th d. 10th

d. 10th

Research has found that when adolescents work more than_______hours in a week, they are at higher risk of many negative outcomes. a. 3 to 5 b. 7 to 10 c. 11 to 13 d. 15 to 20

d. 15 to 20

Which of the following is the first noticeable sign of puberty in boys? a. Development of pubic hair b. Development of acne c. Deepening of the voice d. Accelerated growth of the testes

d. Accelerated growth of the testes

Emerging adulthood is all but which of the following? a. An age of feeling in-between b. An age of instability c. An age of possibilities d. An age of security

d. An age of security

Identify a true statement about juvenile delinquency. a. Girls are much more likely than boys to engage in delinquent behavior. b. Robbery is an example of a status offense. c. Crimes committed by adolescents from minority groups are considered status offenses. d. Girls are more likely than boys to commit offenses such as running away.

d. Girls are more likely than boys to commit offenses such as running away.

According to James Marcia, which of the following is the least advanced status of psychological development associated with adolescence? a. Moratorium b. Foreclosure c. Ego integrity d. Identity diffusion

d. Identity diffusion

Which of the following is a characteristic of programs designed to prevent school dropouts? a. Large class size with a focus on strict controls and checks b. Generic instructions that explain complex concepts c. Highly advanced and distant educational programs d. Involvement of families or community organizations

d. Involvement of families or community organizations

Which of the following statements is true of gynecomastia? a. It prevents the long bones from making further gains in length. b. It is commonly experienced by adolescent girls. c. It usually progresses over time and is present throughout the lifetime of an individual. d. It stems from the small amount of female sex hormones secreted by the testes.

d. It stems from the small amount of female sex hormones secreted by the testes.

Who among the following is most likely a bisexual? a. Matt, a man who is not sexually aroused by women but fantasizes about being sexually intimate with his male colleague, John b. Dave, a commitment-phobic young man who has been sexually intimate with several women in his life c. Jacob, a man who is confused about his sexual identity and feels that he might be a woman trapped in a man's body d. James, a young man who is sexually intimate with his girlfriend Elaine as well as with his neighbor Mark, an older male

d. James, a young man who is sexually intimate with his girlfriend Elaine as well as with his neighbor Mark, an older male

Some researchers have found that _____ is the key factor in consideration of partners for dates, sex, and long-term relationships. a. sense of humor b. a positive personality c. economic fitness d. attractiveness

d. attractiveness

Remembering the fifty states' capitals in alphabetical order is an example of: a. cognitive development. b. fluid intelligence. c. mental flexibility. d. crystallized intelligence.

d. crystallized intelligence.

The most advanced level of thinking in Piaget's theoiy is called: a. sensorimotor b. concrete operations c. preoperational d. formal operations

d. formal operations

Nikita is a 15-year-old girl. Her performance at school is poor, and she has no hobbies or interests. She has no goals for her future and is content to spend her life one day at a time. In the context of James Marcia's identity statuses, Nikita is most likely in the ________ stage. a. moratorium b. identity achievement c. foreclosure d. identify diffusion

d. identify diffusion

Which of the following is true regarding the term "adulthood?" a. it is defined by age. b. it is determined only once one has children. c. it occurs early today than in previous decades d. it involves determining one's values and becoming financially independent.

d. it involves determining one's values and becoming financially independent.

People who get regular exercise a. may increase an increase in the risk of most types of cancer b. are at an increased risk of developing serious muscle atrophy c. are probably wasting their time unless the exercise is vigorously done for a long period of time d. may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers, such as colon cancer.

d. may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers, such as colon cancer.

Victor, a boy in high school, has matured earlier than his other male friends. He plays on many of the sports teams with his seniors. In this scenario, Victor is: a. more likely to be dependent and insecure. b. more likely to be bullied and dominated. c. less likely to be aggressive and involved in delinquent behavior. d. more likely to be poised, relaxed, and good-natured.

d. more likely to be poised, relaxed, and good-natured.

"Petting" is: a. a new phenomenon for teens b. associated with earlier sexual intercourse c. rarely associated with feelings of guilt d. often considered different than having sex

d. often considered different than having sex

Love, according to Berscheid and Hatfield, is: a. a figment of people's imaginations. b. disconnected from physical arousal. c. harmful to maintaining a long-term relationship, since it is merely physical. d. physiological arousal interpreted as love.

d. physiological arousal interpreted as love.

Which of the following is not a primary sex characteristic? a. ovaries b. seminal vesicles c. prostate gland d. pubic hair

d. pubic hair

Which of the following words is associated with Kohlberg's stage 6 morality? a. contract b. obedience c. authority d. reciprocity

d. reciprocity

Unlike boys, adolescent girls are less likely to stress the importance of __________ while making friends. a. loyalty b. self-disclosure c. companionship d. status

d. status

What is the most common treatment for ADHD? a. cognitive methods b. behavioral methods c. antidepressant medications d. stimulants such as Ritalin

d. stimulants such as Ritalin

Hearing during early adulthood: a. is much weaker than during adolescence. b. improves dramatically over hearing during adolescence. c. is best for high-pitched tones. d. tends to decline in the late 20s and early 30s.

d. tends to decline in the late 20s and early 30s.

Sharlene was born as a girl, but feels like a "mistake55 was made and that she should have been a boy. She would prefer to be male, acts in male ways, and is considering various medical procedures to allow her to live as a man. Which of the following terms best describes Sharlene? a. heterosexual b. bisexual c. homosexual d. transsexual

d. transsexual