Lipids

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what are the components of Diphosphatidylglycerol

2 phospholipids bonded to a glycerol 4 fatty acids 3 glycerols 2 phosphate groups

at 34 weeks what ratio do we want lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S)

2:1 if less shows that the lungs are immature and delivery will be delayed

what is the structure of Phosphatidylinositol

6 hydroxyl groups on ring negative

what are the fat soluble vitamins

A D E K

what is Diphosphatidylglycerol

AKA Cardiolipin highest negative charge in phospholipid found in heart muscles and effects contractions

What causes Gaucher's disease

High levels of cerebrosides causes spleen weight to increase (200mg --> 2kg)

what causes Tay Sachs disease

High levels of gangliosides

what causes MLD (Metachromatic leukodystrophy) disease

High levels of sulfatides

What are the most important phospholipids

PE and PC

what is PC

Phosphatidylcholine aka Lecithin

what is PE

Phosphatidylethanolamine aka Cephalin

What is PG

Phosphatidylglycerol

What is PI

Phosphatidylinositol

what is PS

Phosphatidylserine

what is phosphoglyceride

a Phosphatidic acid

what is Chenodeoxycholic acid

a bile salt

what is the composition of a phospholipid

a glycerol 2 fatty acids phosphate group X group

what is plasmalogen

a phospholipid containing an unsaturated ether (double bond next to carbon 1) associated with the optic nerve, myelination , and neural activity

what is vitamin E

an antioxidant protects RBC membranes from oxidation

which duct carries bile from gallbladder to --> stomach

bile duct

what happens when you eat fatty foods

bile salt released from GB due to Cholecystokinin--> emulsifies triglycerides by pancreatic lipase --> is able to become absorbed fro lumen

what is vitamin K associated with

blood clotting

what is vitamin D associated with

calcium metabolism

carboxylation vs decarboxylation

carboxylation - add CO2 (needs ATP) decarboxylation - remove CO2

what is cholestrol role in cell membrane

causes fluidity and makes up 50% of sturcture

structure and components of cerebroside

ceramide + glucose (sugar) glycolipid

structure and components of globoside

cerebroside + multiple glucose

structure and components of sulfatide

cerebroside + sulfate

a precuror to bile acid is

cholesterol

what is a major compomamt oof sterol hormones

cholesterol

what is the structure of Phosphatidylserine

contains -COOH negative

structure and components of sphingolipid

contains 18 carbons a sphingosine alcohol amino group

what is the structure of Phosphatidylcholine

contains 3 methyl groups neutral

what is the structure of Phosphatidylethanolamine

contains NH3 neutral

what happens when you keep using unsaturated oils

double bonds oxidize --> form epoxide --> cancerous ex. toxic oil syndrome

examples of simple lipids

fatty acid cholesterol vitamin D

if you have too much cholesterol what can form

gallstones due to the high amount of bile salt in gallbladder

structure and components of ganglioside

globoside + sialic acid (NANA)

what is the composition of phosphoglyceride

glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphorylated alcohol

which duct carries bile from liver --> gallbladder

hepatic duct

what causes Niemann pick disease

high levels of sphingomyelin

what is hyaline membrane disease

immature lung development

what is the action of phospholipase c

it cleaves the first ester bond (right before the phosphate) --> activates protein kinase C, which goes on to phosphorylate other molecules --> leading to altered cellular activity ex. cancerous tumor production

what is the action of phospholipase d

it cleaves the second ester bond (right after the phosphate) --> produces phosphatidic acid

what is the role of surfactant

it decreases surface tension in the lungs high surface tension causes the lungs to collapse

what is the significance of lysolecithin

it is dangerous, found in snake venom, and causes hemolysis of RBC membranes

similarities and differences between lecithin and sphingomyelin

lecithin - contains glycerol and 2 fatty acids sphingomyelin - contains sphingosine and 1 fatty acid both - contain 1 phosphate and 1 choline

how can you convert PE --> PC

methylation by the enzyme methyl transferase add 3 methyl groups

lung tissues have what kind of fatty acids

only saturated (C16:0)

What is PIP

phosphatidylinositol with a additional phosphate group substituted for one of the hydroxy groups in the ring

what is the mechanism and function of IP3

phospholipase C acts on PIP2-->IP3 and DAG releases Ca from ER --> can produce cancer

what are the major complex lipids

phospholipid sphingolipid

where are bile salts produced and stored

produced in liver stored in gall bladder

how can you convert PS --> PC

removal of CO2 by enzyme decarboxylase

what is deacylase

removes fatty acid

how do you convert Lecithin to Lysolecithin

removing the 2nd fatty acid by phosphlipase A2

most tissues have what kind of fatty acids

saturated (C16:0) -top unsaturated (C18:1) - bottom

where is Cholecystokinin produced and secreted

small intestine (duodenum)

structure and components of ceramide

sphingolipid with an additional fatty acid

what is the difference between sphingolipids vs phospholipids

sphingolipids contain sphingosine while phospholipids contain glycerol

structure and components of sphingomyelin

sphingosine + phosphate group only sphingolipid containing phosphate

what is Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)

the major component of lung surfactant important in fetal lungs

what is vitamin A associated with

vision


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