Lipids assignment
Uterine contractions, inflammatory y, and bronchodilation are all regulated by which species?
Leukotrienes thromboxanes Prostaglandins
Which of the following are essential fatty acids? select all apply
Linolenic acid linoleic acid
Biological membrane are--- in which the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails are packed in the center of the bilayer and the Ionic head groups are exposed on the structure to interact with water
Lipid bilayer
A cell membrane is composed of---
Lipid bilayer with the Ionic head oriented to the outside of the bilayer and the nonpolar tails on the inside
Which of the following correctly describes the properties of lipids? select all that applies
Lipids are identified based on their solubility Lipids are biomolecules
Partial Hydrogenation converts------
Liquid vegetable oil into solid form
What is the shape of a lipoprotein?
Spherical
The coating that surrounds and insulates nerve cells, the myelin sheath, is rich in----
Sphingomyelins
Which of the following correctly describes sphingolipids? select all apply
Sphingomyelins do not contain a glycerol backbone Sphingomyelins do not contain a fatty acid ester
Cephalin is similar in general structure to lecithin; the----moiety bonded to the phosphoryl group is the only difference.
amine/NH2
Which of the following is considered an Omega-3 fatty acid?
linolenic acid
which class of biological molecules can act as energy source, a hormone, a vitamin, an energy storage and a structural component in cell?
lipids
lipids are organic molecules classified according to their solubility in....
nonpolar solvent
The steroid ---- is responsible for the successful imitation and completion of pregnancy.
progesterone
How many carbons are in the rings of the steroid skeleton
17
How many fatty acid molecules are needed to make one molecule of a phosphoglyceride?
2
Identify the products from the base-catalyzed hydrolysis (saponification) of. triglyceride. select all apply
3 carboxylate salts Glycerol
Which of the following are the products of an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of a triacylglycerol in water? select all apply
3 fatty acid molecules A glycerol molecule
Soap contain-----
A long uncharged hydrocarbon tail and a negatively charged carboxylate group
Identify the functional group present in fatty acids...
Carboxyl group
which statement about fatty acids is correct?
An unsaturated fatty acids has a lower melting point than a saturated fatty acid with a similar molar mass
Eicosanoids are formed from------
Arachidonic acid
Which of the are features of eicosanoids? select all that apply
Arachidonic acid is the precursor for eicosanoids Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes are type of eicosanoids
Soap are obtained from the---- hydrolysis of an ester.
Base-catalyzed
Which of the following biological processes are regulated by prostaglandins leukotrienes and thromboxanes? select all that apply
Bronchodilation Inflammatory response Blood clotting Uterine contractions Asthma
The simplest phosphoglyceride , known as a phosphatidate, contains a phosphoryl group attached to----- of glycerol.
C-3
Select the structure that represents waxes
CH3(CH2)10COO(CH2)CH3 CH3(CH2)8COO(CH2)11CH3
Which of the following are examples of biological roles of lipids? select all apply
Cell structure energy storage vitamins hormones
Match the phosphoglyceride with the identity of the R group.
Cephalin-CH2CH2NH3+ Lecithin-CH2CH2N(CH3)3+ This R" group is not used in phosphoglycerides-(CH2CH2)2N(CH3)2+
Match each of the plasma lipoproteins with it's function
Chylomicrons-Carry dietary triglycerides from intestines to other tissues VLDL- Bind triglycerides synthesized in the liver and carry them to adipose tissue for storage LDL- Carry cholesterol to peripheral tissues and help regulate cholesterol level in those tissues HDL-Transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver
--- are lipids that are bonded to other types of molecules.
Complex lipids
Match each steroid hormone with the correct function
Cortisone-Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism Aldosterone-Regulation of sodium In the blood Estrone- Regulation of female sexual development
Identify the IUPAC names of the organic reactants required to produce the ester shown. CH3(CH2)12-C=OO-(CH2)5CH3
Decanoic acid and 1-hexanol
True/False. Glycerides are lipids amides that contain the glycerol molecules and fatty acids.
False
An------ agent serves as a bridge to hold together highly polar water molecules and nonpolar triglycerides.
Emulsifying
Which statement correctly describes the actions of emulsifying agents?
Emulsifying agents are amphipathic and can bridge the nonpolar triglyceride with the polar water molecules.
Linoleic and a-linolenic acids are known as---- fatty acids
Essential
In an----- reaction, fatty acids react with alcohol to form esters and water.
Esterification
The reaction shown is---- CH3(CH2)10-C=OOH + CH3(CH2)4OH--H+,heat--CH3(CH2)10-C=OO-(CH2)4CH3 + H2O
Esterification
Waxes are formed by the reaction of a long chain---- and a long chain----
Fatty acids, alcohol
Which of the following structural features are part of a prostaglandin? select all apply
Five-membered ring Carboxylic acid
Low-density lipoproteins transport cholesterol
From the liver to the tissues
Which of the following are type of glycosphingolipids? select all apply
Gangliosides Sulfatides Cerebrosides
Triglycerides are formed-----
Glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acids
Which of the following molecules are contained in a cell membrane? select all that apply
Glycoprotein phospholipid Glycolipids Cholesterol
Cerebrosides, sulfatides, gangliosides are all types of ---- and are built on a ceramide backbone structure.
Glycosphingolipids
Which of the following is used as a catalyst to hydrolyze a triacylglycerol in water?
H2SO4
Hydrogenation involves the additiona of---- to the C=C double bond of a the fatty acid.
Hydrogen
The reaction shown is a---- CH2(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)5-C=OOH + H2--H2+Pt--CH3(CH2)10-C=OOH
Hydrogenation
Identify the chemical reaction of fatty acids and glycerides. select all apply
Hydrogenation Hydrolysis Saponification Esterification
Which of the following reaction involve an ester functional group? select all apply
Hydrolysis Saponification
Which of the following statements about lipoproteins are correct? select all apply
In a lipoprotein, the polar portions of the phospholipid and the protein molecules are arranged on the surface Cholesterol is transported from the liver to the tissues in small particles called lipoproteins
Waxes are completely---- in water (due to their long hydrocarbon tails) and are ----- at room temperature.
Insoluble, solid
Select the characteristics of cholesterol.
Involved in regulation of the fluidity of a membrane A common steroid Found in the membrane of animal cells
Sphingomyelins are found in abundance in the ----- sheath that surrounds and insulates cells of the central nervous system
Myelin
Match the chain of glyceride with it's correct description.
Natural glycerides- Nonionic and nonpolar Phosphoglycerides- Contain a polar phosphoryl group and nonpolar fatty acid tail
A triglyceride is composed of 3 octanoic acid molecules esterified to glycerol. Identify the products of the acids hydrolysis of this triglyceride.
Octanoic acid Glycerol
Which of the following are unsaturated fatty acids? select all apply
Oleic acid Linoleic acid
Match each type of unsaturated fatty acids with they type of prostaglandins for which it is a precursor.
Omega-6-Prostaglandins with inflammatory effects Omega-3-Prostaglandins with anti-inflammatory effects
The simplest phosphoglyceride is a ----
Phosphatidate
Which is the most common type of membrane lipid?
Phosphoglyceride
Which of the following lipids is the major components of a cell membrane?
Phosphoglyceride
Which of the following classes of compound contains na phosphoryl functional group?
Phosphoglycerides
A series of chemical reactions convert cholesterol to---- the most important hormone associated with pregnancy.
Progesterone
Unsaturated carboxylic acid consisting of a 20-carbon skeleton containing a five-carbon ring a known as.....
Prostaglandins
What type of reaction is used to prepare a soap?
Saponification
Which of the following compounds are products of the complete hydrolysis of the triacylglycerol shown? CH2-O-C=O-(CH2)14CH3 | CH-O-C=O-(CH2)16CH3 | CH2-O-C=O-(CH2)12CH3
Stearic acid Palmitic acid Myristic acid Glycerol
The male sex hormone---- is produced by the chemical modification of progesterone
Testosterone
Which of the following correctly describes the function of steroids?
Testosterone us a steroid involved in development of male sex characteristics. Cortisone is a steroid involved in carbohydrate metabolism.
In an esterification reaction between a fatty acid and an alcohol, the OH group is removed from----
The carboxyl group of the fatty acid
The principal function of triglycerides in biochemical sysy is-----
The storage of energy
The type of lipids whose primary function involves the storage of energy is the....
Triglycerides
True/False. Cholesterol is readily soluble in the hydrophobic region of cellular membranes and is involved in regulating membrane fluidity
True
Which class of fatty acid when incorporated into a phospholipid contributes to membrane fluidity?
Unsaturated fatty acids
In sphingomyelin, the single fatty acid is bonded to the carbon backbone by a---- functional group
amide
As the number of double bonds in a fatty acid ---- the melting point ------
increases, deceases
---- fatty acids tails make a membrane more fluid, and ---- fatty acid tail make membrane more rigid
unsaturated, saturated