Lipids assignment

Uterine contractions, inflammatory y, and bronchodilation are all regulated by which species?

Leukotrienes thromboxanes Prostaglandins

Which of the following are essential fatty acids? select all apply

Linolenic acid linoleic acid

Biological membrane are--- in which the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails are packed in the center of the bilayer and the Ionic head groups are exposed on the structure to interact with water

Lipid bilayer

A cell membrane is composed of---

Lipid bilayer with the Ionic head oriented to the outside of the bilayer and the nonpolar tails on the inside

Which of the following correctly describes the properties of lipids? select all that applies

Lipids are identified based on their solubility Lipids are biomolecules

Partial Hydrogenation converts------

Liquid vegetable oil into solid form

What is the shape of a lipoprotein?

Spherical

The coating that surrounds and insulates nerve cells, the myelin sheath, is rich in----

Sphingomyelins

Which of the following correctly describes sphingolipids? select all apply

Sphingomyelins do not contain a glycerol backbone Sphingomyelins do not contain a fatty acid ester

Cephalin is similar in general structure to lecithin; the----moiety bonded to the phosphoryl group is the only difference.

amine/NH2

Which of the following is considered an Omega-3 fatty acid?

linolenic acid

which class of biological molecules can act as energy source, a hormone, a vitamin, an energy storage and a structural component in cell?

lipids

lipids are organic molecules classified according to their solubility in....

nonpolar solvent

The steroid ---- is responsible for the successful imitation and completion of pregnancy.

progesterone

How many carbons are in the rings of the steroid skeleton

17

How many fatty acid molecules are needed to make one molecule of a phosphoglyceride?

2

Identify the products from the base-catalyzed hydrolysis (saponification) of. triglyceride. select all apply

3 carboxylate salts Glycerol

Which of the following are the products of an acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of a triacylglycerol in water? select all apply

3 fatty acid molecules A glycerol molecule

Soap contain-----

A long uncharged hydrocarbon tail and a negatively charged carboxylate group

Identify the functional group present in fatty acids...

Carboxyl group

which statement about fatty acids is correct?

An unsaturated fatty acids has a lower melting point than a saturated fatty acid with a similar molar mass

Eicosanoids are formed from------

Arachidonic acid

Which of the are features of eicosanoids? select all that apply

Arachidonic acid is the precursor for eicosanoids Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes are type of eicosanoids

Soap are obtained from the---- hydrolysis of an ester.

Base-catalyzed

Which of the following biological processes are regulated by prostaglandins leukotrienes and thromboxanes? select all that apply

Bronchodilation Inflammatory response Blood clotting Uterine contractions Asthma

The simplest phosphoglyceride , known as a phosphatidate, contains a phosphoryl group attached to----- of glycerol.

C-3

Select the structure that represents waxes

CH3(CH2)10COO(CH2)CH3 CH3(CH2)8COO(CH2)11CH3

Which of the following are examples of biological roles of lipids? select all apply

Cell structure energy storage vitamins hormones

Match the phosphoglyceride with the identity of the R group.

Cephalin-CH2CH2NH3+ Lecithin-CH2CH2N(CH3)3+ This R" group is not used in phosphoglycerides-(CH2CH2)2N(CH3)2+

Match each of the plasma lipoproteins with it's function

Chylomicrons-Carry dietary triglycerides from intestines to other tissues VLDL- Bind triglycerides synthesized in the liver and carry them to adipose tissue for storage LDL- Carry cholesterol to peripheral tissues and help regulate cholesterol level in those tissues HDL-Transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver

--- are lipids that are bonded to other types of molecules.

Complex lipids

Match each steroid hormone with the correct function

Cortisone-Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism Aldosterone-Regulation of sodium In the blood Estrone- Regulation of female sexual development

Identify the IUPAC names of the organic reactants required to produce the ester shown. CH3(CH2)12-C=OO-(CH2)5CH3

Decanoic acid and 1-hexanol

True/False. Glycerides are lipids amides that contain the glycerol molecules and fatty acids.

False

An------ agent serves as a bridge to hold together highly polar water molecules and nonpolar triglycerides.

Emulsifying

Which statement correctly describes the actions of emulsifying agents?

Emulsifying agents are amphipathic and can bridge the nonpolar triglyceride with the polar water molecules.

Linoleic and a-linolenic acids are known as---- fatty acids

Essential

In an----- reaction, fatty acids react with alcohol to form esters and water.

Esterification

The reaction shown is---- CH3(CH2)10-C=OOH + CH3(CH2)4OH--H+,heat--CH3(CH2)10-C=OO-(CH2)4CH3 + H2O

Esterification

Waxes are formed by the reaction of a long chain---- and a long chain----

Fatty acids, alcohol

Which of the following structural features are part of a prostaglandin? select all apply

Five-membered ring Carboxylic acid

Low-density lipoproteins transport cholesterol

From the liver to the tissues

Which of the following are type of glycosphingolipids? select all apply

Gangliosides Sulfatides Cerebrosides

Triglycerides are formed-----

Glycerol and 3 molecules of fatty acids

Which of the following molecules are contained in a cell membrane? select all that apply

Glycoprotein phospholipid Glycolipids Cholesterol

Cerebrosides, sulfatides, gangliosides are all types of ---- and are built on a ceramide backbone structure.

Glycosphingolipids

Which of the following is used as a catalyst to hydrolyze a triacylglycerol in water?

H2SO4

Hydrogenation involves the additiona of---- to the C=C double bond of a the fatty acid.

Hydrogen

The reaction shown is a---- CH2(CH2)2CH=CH(CH2)5-C=OOH + H2--H2+Pt--CH3(CH2)10-C=OOH

Hydrogenation

Identify the chemical reaction of fatty acids and glycerides. select all apply

Hydrogenation Hydrolysis Saponification Esterification

Which of the following reaction involve an ester functional group? select all apply

Hydrolysis Saponification

Which of the following statements about lipoproteins are correct? select all apply

In a lipoprotein, the polar portions of the phospholipid and the protein molecules are arranged on the surface Cholesterol is transported from the liver to the tissues in small particles called lipoproteins

Waxes are completely---- in water (due to their long hydrocarbon tails) and are ----- at room temperature.

Insoluble, solid

Select the characteristics of cholesterol.

Involved in regulation of the fluidity of a membrane A common steroid Found in the membrane of animal cells

Sphingomyelins are found in abundance in the ----- sheath that surrounds and insulates cells of the central nervous system

Myelin

Match the chain of glyceride with it's correct description.

Natural glycerides- Nonionic and nonpolar Phosphoglycerides- Contain a polar phosphoryl group and nonpolar fatty acid tail

A triglyceride is composed of 3 octanoic acid molecules esterified to glycerol. Identify the products of the acids hydrolysis of this triglyceride.

Octanoic acid Glycerol

Which of the following are unsaturated fatty acids? select all apply

Oleic acid Linoleic acid

Match each type of unsaturated fatty acids with they type of prostaglandins for which it is a precursor.

Omega-6-Prostaglandins with inflammatory effects Omega-3-Prostaglandins with anti-inflammatory effects

The simplest phosphoglyceride is a ----

Phosphatidate

Which is the most common type of membrane lipid?

Phosphoglyceride

Which of the following lipids is the major components of a cell membrane?

Phosphoglyceride

Which of the following classes of compound contains na phosphoryl functional group?

Phosphoglycerides

A series of chemical reactions convert cholesterol to---- the most important hormone associated with pregnancy.

Progesterone

Unsaturated carboxylic acid consisting of a 20-carbon skeleton containing a five-carbon ring a known as.....

Prostaglandins

What type of reaction is used to prepare a soap?

Saponification

Which of the following compounds are products of the complete hydrolysis of the triacylglycerol shown? CH2-O-C=O-(CH2)14CH3 | CH-O-C=O-(CH2)16CH3 | CH2-O-C=O-(CH2)12CH3

Stearic acid Palmitic acid Myristic acid Glycerol

The male sex hormone---- is produced by the chemical modification of progesterone

Testosterone

Which of the following correctly describes the function of steroids?

Testosterone us a steroid involved in development of male sex characteristics. Cortisone is a steroid involved in carbohydrate metabolism.

In an esterification reaction between a fatty acid and an alcohol, the OH group is removed from----

The carboxyl group of the fatty acid

The principal function of triglycerides in biochemical sysy is-----

The storage of energy

The type of lipids whose primary function involves the storage of energy is the....

Triglycerides

True/False. Cholesterol is readily soluble in the hydrophobic region of cellular membranes and is involved in regulating membrane fluidity

True

Which class of fatty acid when incorporated into a phospholipid contributes to membrane fluidity?

Unsaturated fatty acids

In sphingomyelin, the single fatty acid is bonded to the carbon backbone by a---- functional group

amide

As the number of double bonds in a fatty acid ---- the melting point ------

increases, deceases

---- fatty acids tails make a membrane more fluid, and ---- fatty acid tail make membrane more rigid

unsaturated, saturated