Liver Inflammation and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)

Blood clot in lower extremities, common in sedentary individuals with high cholesterol and hypertension.

Hepatitis E

Can only occur after Hepatitis A infection.

Hypertension vs. Hypotension

Hypertension involves vasoconstriction and increased fluid volume, while hypotension is due to vasodilation and low fluid volume.

Myocardial Infarction (MI) Symptoms

Include angina, heartburn, headache, jaw pain, back pain, sweating, and shortness of breath.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Includes age, smoking, genetics, high cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, arrhythmias, sex, ethnicity, lifestyle, and hypertension.

Ulcerative Colitis

Inflammation affecting the rectum and colon, impairs water and electrolyte absorption.

Peritonitis

Inflammation of the peritoneal cavity due to toxin leakage, managed with NPO, antibiotics, fluids, and steroids.

Crohn's Disease

Inflammation of the small intestine causing diarrhea, blood in stool, and structural changes.

Hepatitis B

Liver inflammation transmitted sexually or through HIV population.

Hepatitis C

Liver inflammation transmitted through blood transfusion, treatable with interferons.

Hepatitis A

Liver inflammation transmitted through contaminated food/water, prevalent in poor sanitation areas.

Hepatitis D

Requires prior Hepatitis B infection for activation.

Pacemaker of the Heart

SA node regulates heart rhythm by initiating electrical impulses.

Normal Heart Conduction Pathway

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Purkinje fibers.

STEMI vs. Non-STEMI

STEMI shows ST elevation, treated with immediate intervention, while non-STEMI lacks ST elevation.

Systole vs. Diastole

Systole is the heart's contraction phase, while diastole is the relaxation phase.

Cardiac Output

Volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute, calculated as stroke volume times heart rate.