Loading and Hauling
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Bulldozer
Tractor equipped with a front-mounted earthmoving blade; moves earth by lowering blade and cutting pile, then moving to another location
Equation for equipment travel time
Cycle time = Fixed Time + Variable Time Total Resistance = Rolling resistance + Grade resistance
Loaders
Excavating soft and medium-hard material, loading haul units, stockpiling, backfilling and other materials
Scraper
Excavating, loading and dumping material over medium to long haul distances; good for wet soil or heavy materials
Equation for productivity
P = Vol/Cycle • Cycles/hr P (loader) = avg. bucket load • cycle time
Skid Steer Loader
Small wheel loader with rigid axels; steers by braking wheels on one side and applying power to the other side
