Loading and Hauling

Bulldozer

Tractor equipped with a front-mounted earthmoving blade; moves earth by lowering blade and cutting pile, then moving to another location

Equation for equipment travel time

Cycle time = Fixed Time + Variable Time Total Resistance = Rolling resistance + Grade resistance

Loaders

Excavating soft and medium-hard material, loading haul units, stockpiling, backfilling and other materials

Scraper

Excavating, loading and dumping material over medium to long haul distances; good for wet soil or heavy materials

Equation for productivity

P = Vol/Cycle • Cycles/hr P (loader) = avg. bucket load • cycle time

Skid Steer Loader

Small wheel loader with rigid axels; steers by braking wheels on one side and applying power to the other side