LSSGB Study Guide

When asking the question, what is the real problem, the project is very likely to be in the __________ stage.

Define

The oblique lines represent the costs associated with each root-cause.

False

Using the concept of 5S, Items can be sorted into two groups including Always Used and Never Used.

False

When Gage R&R results are precise, they will also be accurate.

False

In a ____________ gage R&R study each individual operator only measures one part.

Nested

The first document prepared in presenting a Lean Six Sigma project is the __________________ .

Business Case

A control chart is needed to monitor the time it takes a caller to reach a representative at a call center. A sample of ten calls is monitored twice every day. The chart will require only an LCL.

False The important control point is the UCL. Calls beyond this point suggest the process is out-of-control. An LCL is not needed, since the shorter the response time, the better is the customer service.

The term Lean is used interchangeably with Six-Sigma.

False They are different. Lean focuses on efficiency. Six-Sigma focuses on quality and consistency

Fishbone diagrams are used to determine the average output from a process.

False They are used to find the root-cause of a problem.

The basic philosophy behind Lean is to deliver near perfect outcomes.

False This is the basic philosophy of Six-Sigma not Lean.

A ____________ study focuses on whether the individuals collecting the data or performing measurement tests are consistent in their measurements.

Gage R&R

Five human resource professions rate a candidate on a scale of one to ten. The scores are almost the same, but it turns out that the individual, once hired does not perform well and is not retained beyond the trial employment period. This is an example of _______________

Precise but not accurate.

The mathematical expression for a process ,Y=f(x), relates which of the following two characteristics of a process?

Process inputs and process outputs

The contract between those who will do the work associated with a Lean Six Sigma project and management is called a _____________________ .

Project Charter

Consistency associated with a single individual in a Gage R&R study is addressed by the concept of _____________ .

Repeatability

Consistency across individuals in a Gage R&R study is addressed by the concept of _____________ .

Reproducibility

Which of the following terms suggests the approach where several people undertake the same test to rule out human error in measuring an object?

Reproducibility

Which of the following is not considered one of the four fundamental challenges.

Revenue maximization

Which of the following is not one of the 5s'?

Schedule

Identifying a specific location where supplies will be stored is an example of ________________ .

Set in Order

Maintaining a clean workplace is an example of _________________ .

Shine

5S procedures that have been set into place and followed by others is an example of __________________ .

Standardize

A SIPOC diagram identifies __________ .

Suppliers, outputs, customers (All of the above)

The process of ensuring that 5S methods will be used in the future is called _____________ .

Sustain

A Metric is a formal and measurable goal for a Lean Six Sigma project​

True

A Pareto Chart includes both a line chart and an ordered histogram.

True

A SIPOC diagram does not include delays and other measures of inefficiency.

True

A Scatter plot is a plot of data points while a line chart connects those points.

True

COPQ can result in loss of market share.

True

DMAIC is a framework that helps to ensure an orderly and logical flow from the beginning of a Six Sigma project to its end.

True

Lean Six Sigma projects have a clear beginning and end.

True

Line charts display patterns in data.

True

Metrics are concrete estimates of project results.

True

Once the root cause of a problem is uncovered, it must be eliminated if at all possible.

True

One advantage in using the concept Y=f(X) is that it implies the use of metrics to measure both inputs and output.

True

One strategy for sorting is by product families.

True

Precision refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to each other.

True

Six-Sigma emphasizes quality and consistency.

True

Target levels represent the expected mean output level of a process.

True

The Voice of the Customer is not the same as the Voice of the Process.

True

The Voice of the Customer must be accommodated by the Voice of the Process.

True

The average time before a customer's hard drive fails is 50,000 hours. This is also referred to as Mean Time Between Failures, MTBF. To monitor failure rate on a control chart, where the vertical axis is "Time to Failure", the UCL is less important to maintaining customer satisfaction than is the LCL.

True

The benefits expected from a project are estimated to be 100, while the costs associated with undertaking the project are estimated to be 125. The project should not be approved.

True

The cost of labor to fix problems is associated with COPQ.

True

The head of the Fishbone diagram represents the problem to be examined.

True

The horizontal lines in a Fishbone diagram represent the next level (after the oblique lines) of detail in uncovering the source of the problem.

True

The oblique lines in a Fishbone diagram represent possible sources of the problem.

True

The project charter, when approved by management, formally authorizes a project.

True

The quality of the product or service delivered by a process is related to the voice of the customer.

True

To best ensure success, Lean Six Sigma projects must be defined in such a way as to address a specific goal or objective.

True

To create a histogram it is necessary to begin by categorizing the sources responsible for a problem. So if the problem is slow customer response, then the source of the problem might include a lack of repair parts in inventory, outdated diagnostic procedures, or poor technician training.

True

When constructing a Pareto Chart it is necessary to first build an ordered histogram.

True

When the Voice of the Customer is accommodated within the voice of the process, the customer will be satisfied with the results.

True

Dispensing the wrong medication at a nursing home is an example of one of the fundamental challenges associated with Lean.

True This would be considered an Error and as such would be one of the three fundamental challenges of Lean.

A process can be represented mathematically in the following way:

Y = f(x)

Which of the following is not a fundamental challenge in Six Sigma?

all of the above are fundamental challenges (Output Variation, Monitoring and Control, Delays, Defects Waste and Errors)

Kaizen is a Japanese word for ________ .

continuous improvement

In Lean Six-Sigma, histograms are used to ____________________ .

find the root cause of a problem

When several individuals measure the same object but each one records a different result this can be attributed to ____________________ .

human error

5S focuses primarily on _______________ .

increasing efficiency

When taking a measurement of an object, if the device used to take the measurement incorrectly measures the object, this is referred to as a _____________ error

measurement device error

Data collection is a primary activity associated with the Measure phase.

True

Drilling down refers to a sequence of steps where the analysis of a problem moves from one level or possible source to another that is closer to the root-cause of the problem.

True

If the categories that are used to create the histogram are not sufficient enough to include all possible sources of the problem, then the histogram will not be capable of identifying the root-source of the problem.

True

In the function Y=f(X), Y is defined as the process output.

True

Cycle time should not include any delays incurred during processing.

False

For a process to be in-control, all sample means must fall on the target or centerline of the control chart.

False

In an ordered histogram the bars are arranged from the least significant problem on the left to the most significant problem on the right.

False

In processes where Six-Sigma is used, it is always preferred if the actual output from a process is above the Upper Control Limit.

False

It is possible to design a process with no variation in output.

False

Lean is a collection of tools and methodologies for minimizing process variation.

False

Measurement Analysis is not necessary when monitoring the output of an automated process.

False

The control phase comes before the Improve phase.

False

Financial evaluation requires two estimates; benefits and revenues.

False Benefits and Costs

It is necessary to only include an Upper Control Limit in a control chart. Lower Control Limits contribute only redundant information.

False Both are necessary, however, there may be circumstances where only one is needed.

For most Lean Six Sigma projects, financial evaluation only requires an estimate of the benefits to be achieved.

False Cost estimates are always necessary.

A Pareto Chart adds a vertical axis on the right of the chart that represents the total number of defects.

False It adds an axis that depicts the percent of the total problem that is addressed by solving the problems identified by the histogram bar and to the left of the histogram bar.

The last step in the DMAIC process is to improve the situation.

False It is Control.

The "M" in the DMAIC cycle represents the management of the process.

False It is Measure.

Words such as 'improved results' and 'shorter waiting periods' are often effective metrics by which to gauge the success of a project.

False Metrics need to be concrete not abstract.

It is unlikely that earlier stages in the DMAIC process would be revisited as the project progresses.

False Often earlier stages are revisited as new challenges occur.

A control chart that monitors the quality of the meals served in a restaurant would require both an LCL and a UCL

False Only an LCL is necessary, since high ratings are actually preferred.

The concept of measurement analysis is primarily related to the Analyze stage of the DMAIC Cycle.

False Primarily related to Measure and Control.

Business cases that are written to justify the approval of a Lean Six Sigma project require detailed budgets and schedules.​

False Rough estimates are usually satisfactory for a business case

The Business Proposal is a document that serves as a contract between those who will do the project work and management.

False The Project Charter is the contract.

Business cases for Lean Six Sigma Projects must include full technical descriptions of every step in the project process.

False The business case is a overview of the project.

If the benefit cost ratio is 2 and the cost of the project is 150, what is the magnitude of the benefits.

300

In a Gage R&R study which of the following describes the steps that must be taken?

A fixed number of operators are identified, Each operator initiates a measurement of the objects a fixed number times, A fixed number of parts or objects are identified. (All of the above)

Which of the following measures proximity to true value?

Accuracy

When the persons conducting a Gage R&R test all reach the same conclusions and those conclusions represent the true value, the study results are classified as ____________________ .

Accurate and Precise.

For which of the following would it be appropriate to establish a Six-Sigma process that focuses on delivering near-perfection.

Aircraft engine manufacturing

Process monitoring is usually associated with the ___________ stage.

Control

Which of the following is not considered one of the five steps in the DMAIC sequence?

Coordinate (Define, measure, and improve are all steps)

The Costs that would disappear if the process that delivers products and services were perfect are referred to as the ____________________________ .

Cost of Poor Quality

The quality of parts, assemblies and products is related to _________ .

Critical to Quality

Which of the following represents the specification of product or service capabilities or attributes that are necessary to meet customer expectations?​

Critical to Quality

In a ____________ gage R&R study each individual operator measures each part.

Crossed

When an organization has limited funds to allocate to Six-Sigma projects, a Pareto Chart will help to prioritize projects such that the problems that can be resolved in the shortest time are chosen first.

False The focus is not on the shortest projects but on those that contribute most to the overall problem.

A Process is defined as a system that transforms outputs into inputs.

False

A newly redesigned process should not be considered for continuous improvement for several years.

False