LSU PSYC 2000 Exam 2 Vaughan (ch. 5,6,7,8 quizzes)

Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning? A. A dog is given a treat whenever they roll over and starts rolling over more B. A dog salivates whenever they are given food C. A cat hears the can opener every time they are given food and starts salivating when they hear the can opener D. A dog watches a cat paw at their owner in order to get food and the dog starts pawing at their owner in order to get food

A. A dog is given a treat whenever they roll over and starts rolling over more

We do not notice the ______ because it does not overlap with our other eye and it is filled in by our visual system. A. Blind spot B. Optic chasm C, optic nerve D. Afterimage

A. Blind spot

Jenny has her psychology class before lunch, so she is always hungry in this class. Eventually, she starts to get hungry when she hears discussions of psychology topics because she has begun to associate psychology with feeling hungry. This is an example of _____ conditioning. A. Classical B. Observational C. Implicit D. Operant

A. Classical

Kathy is a 2nd grade teacher and praises her students every time they raise their hand. This is an example of _______ reinforcement. A. Continuous B. Partial C. Interval D. Ratio

A. Continuous

Which of the following is not a gestalt principle of perception? A. Distance B. Similarity C. Proximity D. Figure-ground

A. Distance

What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall? A. Explicit memories B. Short-term memories C. Sensory memories D. Implicit memories

A. Explicit memories

Navigating your way home through an unfamiliar route due to road construction would draw upon your _______ intelligence. A. Fluid B. Emotional C. Crystallized D. Analytic

A. Fluid

Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences? A. Fluid B. Intrapersonal C. Logical-mathematical D. Musical

A. Fluid

________ is both a phoneme and a morpheme. A. I B. SH C. CK D. P

A. I

IQ stands for ___________. A. Intelligence quotient B. Intelligence quality C. Intelligence quiz D. Intelligence quantity

A. Intelligence quotient

A(n) _________ is the best example, or representation, of a concept. A. Schema B. Prototype C. Archetype D. Amalgamation

A. Prototype

Sariah enters a room with several chirping crickets in it. Upon first entering the room, Sariah can hear the chirping; however, as she beings to talk to her friends, she is no longer aware of the chirping even though t is still there. The fact that Sariah no longer perceives the chirping sound demonstrates ________. A. Sensory adaptation B. Subliminal messaging C. Just noticeable difference D. Absolute threshold

A. Sensory adaptation

If a slamming door is a conditioned stimulus, then being able to distinguish between the sound of a slamming door and the sound of a heavy item being dropped would represent _________. A. Stimulus discrimination B. Unconditioned response C. Conditioned response D. Stimulus generalization

A. Stimulus discrimination

Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel's disks, and Ruffini corpuscles are types of _____ receptors. A. Touch B. Auditory C. Smell D. Taste

A. Touch

In classical conditioning, the ______ is the unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. For example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to the pollen (i.e. the stimulus). A. Unconditioned response B. Unconditioned stimulus C. Conditioned stimulus D. Conditioned response

A. Unconditioned stimulus

In ________ reinforcement, an observer sees a model being rewarded for an action, which makes the observer more likely to imitate the model's behavior. A. Vicarious B. Operant C. Positive D. Negative

A. Vicarious

What kind of processing is exemplified by the following scenario? Esther's mother offers her a new dish she's been working on— a raisin-jalapeño quiche. Esther's body responds first: Esther eyes the content of the skillet, and smells the mix of raisins, jalapeños, and eggs. Her stomach churns and she looks away. Feeling disgust and disappointment, she says "I'm not hungry." A. Top-down B. Bottom-up C. Sensory adaptation D. Sensation

B. Bottom-up

Carmela believes her assistant, Todd, is incompetent. She notices only what Todd does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of his work. This exemplifies _______ bias. A. Hindsight B. Confirmation C. Representative D. Anchoring

B. Confirmation

Which of the following is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus? A. Reflex B. Extinction C. Acquisition D. Recovery

B. Extinction

________ is a disorder which indicates a low IQ (i.e. a score of 70 or below on a standard IQ test) along with adaptive deficits. A. Learning disability B. Intellectual disability C. Dyslexia D. Autism spectrum disorder

B. Intellectual disability

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ______ learning. A. Observational B. Latent C. Explicit D. Operant

B. Latent

Olfactory information travels from the olfactory bulb to the _____ and the primary olfactory cortex. A. Thalamus B. Limbic system C. Basilar membrane D. Hypothalamus

B. Limbic system

Linear perspective is an example of a ______ cue. A. Monocular height cue B. Monocular depth cue C. Binocular height cue D. Binocular depth cue

B. Monocular depth cue

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using _________. A. Positive reinforcement B. Negative reinforcement C. Positive reinforcement D. Negative punishment

B. Negative reinforcement

In classical conditioning, a(n) ______ (such as the noise tone in Pavlov's experiment) becomes associated with a(n) _________ (such as the meat powder in Pavlov's experiment) such that it starts to elicit a conditioned response. A. Unconditioned stimulus; neutral response B. Neutral stimulus; unconditioned response C. Neutral response; conditioned response D. Unconditioned response; unconditioned stimulus

B. Neutral stimulus; unconditioned response

Tommy's mother wants to encourage him to do better at school. Every time he gets a good grade, she gives him $20. This is an example of ________. A. Negative punishment B. Positive reinforcement C. Negative reinforcement D. Positive punishment

B. Positive reinforcement

The three colors which can be combined to produce all colors in the spectrum of light according to the trichromatic theory of color vision are _________. A. Red, blue, and yellow B. Red, green, and blue C. Blue, red, and black D. Green, blue, and white

B. Red, green, and blue

At the point o the optic chasm, information from the _____ is sent to the left side of the brain, and information from the _____ is sent to the right side of the brain. A. Left visual field; right visual field B. Right visual field; left visual field C. Left eye; right eye D. Right eye; left eye

B. Right visual field; left visual field

What are the two components of explicit memory? A. Implicit and declarative B. Semantic and episodic C. Procedural and implicit D. Short-term and long-term

B. Semantic and episodic

Which of the following exemplifies olfaction? A. Hearing an airplane fly overhead B. Smelling cookies in the oven C. Tasting white chocolate fudge D. Feeling the warmth of the sun

B. Smelling cookies in the oven

Gambling is an example of a _______ reinforcement schedule because you don't know how many times you will need to play in order to win. A. Variable interval B. Variable ratio C. Fixed interval D. Fixed ratio

B. Variable ratio

The _____ of a wave refers to its height (from the center to the top or bottom), and the _____ refers to its speed (the number of waves in a time period). A. Frequency; amplitude B. Wavelength; amplitude C. Amplitude; frequency D. Frequency; wavelength

C. Amplitude; frequency

Radical behaviorism believes that _____ does not matter. A. Behavior B. Learning C. Cognition D. Reward

C. Cognition

The Muller-Lyer illusion is an example of how _______ influences visual processing. A. Attention B. Age C. Culture D. Personality

C. Culture

Anna wants to make sure her dog is being good and not chewing on the carpet. She decides she will periodically check on him and give him a treat every time he's not chewing on the carpet. First, she waits 10 minutes, checks on him, and gives him a treat. Then she waits 20 minutes, checks on him, and gives him a treat. Then she waits 7 minutes, checks on him, and gives him a treat. This is an example of a _______ reinforcement schedule. A. Fixed ratio B. Variable interval C. Fixed interval D. Variable ratio

C. Fixed interval

_______ reinforcement is the easiest to extinguish, because individuals will quickly learn when no more reinforcement is coming. A. Fixed ratio B. Variable ratio C. Fixed interval D. Variable interval

C. Fixed interval

_______ refers to the failure to notice something that is completely visible due to a lack of attention. A. Subliminal messaging B. Just noticeable stimulus C. Inattentional blindness D. Signal detection theory

C. Inattentional blindness

Which term describes a communication system that uses systematic rules to organize words to transmit information from one individual to another? A. Concept B. Prototype C. Language D. Schemata

C. Language

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience? A. Extinction B. Instincts C. Learning D. Reflexes

C. Learning

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, ________. A. It is easier to remember information that has personal relevance B. The capacity of short term memory is approximately 7 pieces of information C. Memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information D. Short-term memory itself has different forms

C. Memories are processed the same way that a computer processes information

Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ________ learning. A. Classical B. Latent C. Observational D. Operant

C. Observational

Which of the following is true regarding color blindness? A. Most people with color blindness only have rods and no cones B. Color blindness is caused by having too many cones and not enough rods C. Red-green color blindness is more common in males than females D. Most people with color blindness see in black and white

C. Red-green color blindness is more common in males than females

A sticker chart provides stickers every time a child does a desired behavior. Once they fill their sticker chart, they get a special snack. The stickers are ______ reinforcers. A. Primary B. Classical C. Secondary D. Negative

C. Secondary

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words? A. Language B. Syntax C. Semantics D. Grammar

C. Semantics

Joseph always wants to sleep in his parent's bed, and they want him to learn to sleep in his own bed. First, they reward him (with his favorite snack) when he agrees to take a nap during the day in his own bed. Then, they only reward him when he starts the night in his own bed, even if he comes in to sleep in their room after 15 minutes. Then, they only reward him if he spends half the night in his own bed. Finally, they only reward him if he sleeps the whole night in his own bed. This is an example of ________. A. Negative reinforcement B. Positive punishment C. Shaping D. Classical conditioning

C. Shaping

Which of following is not a memory-enhancing device? A. Chunking B. Mnemonics C. Suggestibility D. Elaborating rehearsal

C. Suggestibility

Your ears receive sounds waves and convert this energy into neural messages that travel to your brain and are processed as sounds. This is an example of ______. A. Top-down processing B. Sensory adaptation C. Transduction D. Subliminal messaging

C. Transduction

The ______ system relates to balance and its organs are located in the ________. A. Thermoception; skin B. Unami; tongue C. Vestibular; ear D. Olfactory; nose

C. Vestibular; ear

What term describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus? A. Blind spot B. Binocular disparity C. Inattentional blindness D. Afterimage

D. Afterimage

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________. A. Retrieve acquired knowledge B. Produce new products or ideas and invent novel solutions to a problem C. Find solutions to problems based on experience D. Analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

D. Analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

Which of the following is true regarding how we perceive the pitch of sounds? A. The speed of action potentials of a sensory neuron determines pitch perception B. The strength of action potentials of a sensory neuron determines pitch perception C. Different portions of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies D. Both temporal and place cues contribute to our perception of pitch

D. Both temporal and place cues contribute to our perception of pitch

Petra walks into a brightly lit psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment? A. Rods B. Fovea C. Lens D. Cones

D. Cones

The hippocampus is associated with _________ memories, while the cerebellum is associated with ___________ memories. A. Long-term; short-term B. Implicit; explicit C. Short-term; long-term D. Explicit; implicit

D. Explicit; implicit

John is camping and forgot his pillow. He fails to realize that he could fold up one of his extra shirts to use as a pillow. This is an example of _________. A. Anchoring bias B. Representative bias C. Hindsight bias D. Functional fixedness

D. Functional fixedness

Toni is talking to her friend Jessica about a fun fact she learned about memory. Toni tells her "I was just watching this cool new documentary about how some of our memories are false." Jessica responds in outrage, saying "You didn't watch a documentary about that, I watched it and told you about it!" This is an example of _________. A. Transience B. Forgetting C. Blocking D. Misattribution

D. Misattribution

Your ability to remember how to ride a bike is an example of ______ memory. A. Episodic B. Semantic C. Explicit D. Procedural

D. Procedural

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of __________ encoding. A. Sensory B. Visual C. Acoustic D. Semantic

D. Semantic

_______ is associated with operant conditioning and teaching animals specific behaviors using a conditioning chamber. A. Watson B. Pavlov C. Thorndike D. Skinner

D. Skinner

Illnesses such as diabetes and stomach cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zeke sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accidents fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or stomach cancer. Therefore, Zeke takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________. A. Functional fixedness B. Trial and error C. Hindsight bias D. The availability heuristic

D. The availability heuristic

Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by valuable knowledge, experiences, and thoughts? A. Bottom-up B. Transduction C. Subliminal D. Top-down

D. Top-down