LUOA English Module 6 Study Guide

What is the main idea of "On Duties?"

A virtuous man will use his natural reason to determine how to act with decorum and according to his duty.

According to Cicero, what separates man and beast?

Ability to Reason

Which of the following ideas was incorporated into the Medieval Model, as Lewis describes it?

All the apparent contradictions must be harmonized

In this passage from Poetics, Aristotle provides his idea for a way that man is separate from animals. Which statement below correctly contrasts his idea to Cicero's?

Aristotle thinks imitation separates man and beast while Cicero thinks reason does.

Which of the following might be an appropriate example critique of Confessions?

Augustine discusses many topics quickly, such as his schooling, works he studied, and a court room, which makes understanding his ideas difficult.

Which sentence from "Strictures" best sums up Wolstonecraft's main argument?

Day schools for particular ages should be established by government, in which boys and girls might be educated together.

Which duty below does Cicero define as: a quality consistent with the superiority of man, as well as achievement of a harmony with nature that reveals a man's moderation and self-control.

Decorum

Which of the following summarizes Cicero's "Golden Rule?"

Do not harm another person for your own benefit

In the above selection from 2 Corinthians, which word best describes the author's tone?

Encouraging

Which cultural movement focused on the scientific method, human reason, progress, and the "self"?

Enlightenment

Which statement best summarizes Augustine's argument on page 1?

God is incomprehensibly majestic yet personal

Augustine creates two categories for topics he studied in school: Good and Vain. Which category would math, reading, and writing be put into?

Good

A nonfiction text typically has one of three purposes, to ____, persuade, or entertain.

Inform

What rhetorical device did Empress Theodora use when she said "purple is the noblest shroud?"

Metaphor

Which literary devices does Wollstonecraft use to paint a picture of a country afraid of change? (Read "but the fear of innovation, in this country, extends...)

Metaphor

In the 2012 book "Behind the Beautiful Forevers," author Katherine Boo tells the story of the lives of residents from the slums of Mumbai, India. This work could best be classified as ____ nonfiction.

Narrative

Which of the following lines from Poetics would be considered a piece of supporting evidence?

Objects which in themselves we view with pain, we delight to contemplate when reproduced.

Which one of the following rhetorical devices is used to help the reader better understand the author's point in this passage?

Rhetorical Questions

Which rhetorical device does the author use to make his argument?

Rhetorical Questions

Which of the following is the main idea of Chapter 1 of Confessions?

The depth of pain Augustine feels remembering his sins drives him to praise God for His goodness and mercy

What does the transition word "therefore" at the beginning of the passage indicate?

This passage is acting as a supporting argument.

Based on Passage 2 from Poetics, what is the main purpose of this passage?

To compare and contrast elements of the epic and tragic genre

Which sentence best describes the author's main purpose for Book 2/

To contrast tyrants and good rulers

Based on the passage from Poetics, what is the author's purpose of this passage?

To inform the reader about the origins of poetry

Match the term on the right with the correct definition on the left: Summary

A short, objective review

In paragraph 35 (page 232), which two persuasive strategies does Cicero use to support his argument?

-Ethos -Logos

Which virtues are the ones with the greatest effect of turning strangers into friends and building communities?

-Generosity -Justice

What are the two main parts that make up "the community of life?"

-Justice -Generosity

Which of the following are ways that Augustine has seen words used for sinful purposes?

-Read false stories about the world -Ignore conscience -Speak to defend sins in a court of law

Check the answers below that are examples of nonfiction.

-Sermon -Speech -Biography -Newspaper -Memior

You have probably heard the American proverb, "Sticks and stones will break my bones, but words can never hurt me." Which Biblical proverbs contradict this idea?

-There is one who speaks rashly, like a piercing sword; but the tongue of the wise brings healing. -Like a madman who throws flaming darts and deadly arrows, so it the man who deceives his neighbor and says, 'I was only joking"

What are some reasons that girls should be educated alongside boys, according to Wollstonecraft?

-They must be free to make their own conclusions. -Both men and women need to be educated with reason for society to flourish. -Decorum lessons would be unnecessary. -Women need education to learn what is tasteful and good art.

Which Proverb might be used to address ingratitude?

A fish is the last to acknowledge the existence of water

Which of the following choices includes transition words used in Poetics?

-Whose capacity, however, of learning -First, the instinct of imitation

Which of the following are the Stoic's cardinal virtues?

-Wisdom -Temperance -Justice -Courage

According to Cicero, what is the best way to keep power and possessions?

Being well liked

Which word best describes the tone of this letter?

Benevolent

Which word best describes the author's tone in this passage?

Blunt

According to the Buddhist texts, what is Nirvana? Keep in mind that Nirvana contradicts our Christian truth about eternity and salvation in Jesus Christ.

Breaking the birth-death cycle by no longer grasping for earthly desires.

The conclusion of the passage is missing. Which of the following lines would be a good concluding thought for this passage/

But the elements of a Tragedy are not all found in the Epic poem

The following line contains a transition word. What is the purpose of this transition phrase ("therefore") in the passage? "whoever, therefore knows what is good or bad Tragedy, knows also about Epic poetry."

Conclusion

What is the Aristotle's tone in this passage?

Confident

The following line contains a transition word. What is the purpose of this transition phrase ("also") in the passage? "whoever, therefore knows what is good or bad Tragedy, knows also about Epic poetry."

Continuation

[Tom] White, the retired executive director of the Michigan School Business Officials group, is one of Dr. Daniel Sadler's patients. Sadler, an East Lansing dentist, has been telling his 1,500 patients for the past six or so years about an unusual plaque-busting technique called dry brushing. Here's the drill, according to Sadler: Brush your teeth for two minutes using a soft, dry toothbrush with no toothpaste. Use the brushing technique your dental hygienist recommends (circular or up and down including the gums). Make sure to hit the tough spots where plaque builds up, such as behind your bottom teeth. Use a dab of toothpaste at the end to get the fresh breath and the benefit from fluoride. Sadler says to simply put it on your tongue and swish. About six years ago, Sadler attended a Michigan Dental Association continuing education seminar by Ohio dentist and researcher Dr. Thomas C. Abrahamsen, who studied the effect of toothpaste on enamel. Abrahamsen, who died in 2012, advocated for brushing teeth without toothpaste. It's the friction from the brushing, not the toothpaste, that rids the teeth of plaque. And even toothpaste manufacturers recommend a pea-sized amount of toothpaste. "Putnam: Dentist says swish, don't brush with toothpaste" by Judy Putnam, Lansing State Journal Which type of persuasive tactic does the author use the most to help make her point?

Ethos - appeal to authority

What is the main idea of this passage?

Even though some people act as a judge to others, they will be judged by God.

What did Empress Theodora do that was against a cultural custom?

Gave a speech at a man's council meeting

Which of the following statements summarizes Augustine's feeling toward himself in comparison with God?

He feels he is unworthy and needy

How did Augustine's faith lead him to view his childhood?

He felt he was sinful from birth and his childhood was run by this sin.

What conflict led Empress Theodora to make her famous speech in 532 AD?

Her husband was about to flee power and the city

Read the following excerpt from "On Duties": "However, it is inconsistent for a man who is impervious to fear to succumb to physical desire, or for a man who has shown that hard work cannot destroy him to yield to pleasure. So you must beware of desire and pleasure." Which of the words below is considered a transition word?

However

Which of the following sentences from the epilogue best summarizes Lewis's main idea?

I am only suggesting considerations that may induce us to regard all Models in the right way, respecting each and idolizing none.

Which statement below is the best summary for this passage from the Quran?

If people use their gifts from god well, he will reward them.

Which line could best be considered supporting evidence? Or, which line could best be described as one whose main purpose is to support the author's argument?

If you lend God a good loan, He will multiply it for you.

Which type of injustice is worse, according to Cicero?

Inactive Injustice

"The Musee D'Orsay" is a book that details the construction of the famous art museum and Paris and showcases some of the most famous works houses there, including information on the backgrounds of the art. This book could best be classified as ___ nonfiction.

Informative

"The Joy of Cooking" is a famous cookbook that has been in publication for over 75 years. It gives step-by-step guides for staple American foods as well as international delights. This book could best be classified as ___ nonfiction.

Instructive

What reason does Pericles give for not wanting to give a funeral speech?

It is hard to avoid saying something that will displease or hurt the listeners

According to Lewis, what is a major way evolutionary theory changed cultural thinking?

It led to people thinking that the cosmos is progressively getting more perfect

What would be an appropriate critique of Lewis' epilogue?

Lewis focuses on evolution as evidence for a major cultural shift, but his argument would have been improved if he had discussed other shifts as well.

Which persuasive strategy does Aristotle use in this passage from Poetics?

Logos

Match the term on the right with the correct definition on the left: Critique

Offers a personal opinion and judgement about the text

Read the following excerpt from "On Duties": "In this matter you can condemn neither group's convictions, of course, but the life of those who withdraw is both easier and safer and less harsh or harmful to others. On the other hand, the life of men who have devoted themselves to government and to the administration of great enterprises is more beneficial to the human race and more advantageous to their own fame and magnificence." Which of the words below is considered a transition word/phrase?

On the other hand

At the end of page 67 ("Fashion then"), what rhetorical device does More use to communicate her thoughts about women's attitudes?

Personification

In her book, More says: "Fashion then, by one of her sudden and rapid turns, instantaneously struck out sensibility and affectation from the standing list of female perfections; and, by a quick touch of her magic wand, shifted the scene, and at once produced the bold and independent beauty, the intrepid female, the hoyden, the huntress, and the archer; the swinging arms, the confident address, the regimental, and the four-in-hand." Which rhetorical devices does she use in this passage to communicate her feelings on fashion?

Personification

"Food Inc." is a famous 2008 documentary that sought to expose the treatment of animals in the commercial food industry and convince viewers to change their food buying habits. This documentary would best be classified as _____ nonfiction.

Persuasive

In paragraphs 61-62, More discusses "accomplishments." What is the main idea of this discussion?

She is frustrated that girls who have not learned anything useful are called accomplished

Theodora sums up her main idea in the last line. Which of the following choices best summarizes her main argument? "I agree with the adage that the royal purple is the noblest shroud."

Since we will all die and be buried, it is more honorable to die and be buried defending my rule.

After recounting two teaching styles, Augustine critiques them and judges which one is best. What are his thoughts?

Students learn best through curiosity - they should be excited and encouraged to learn hard things.

According to Cicero, if you had to choose between helping a close friend or the State, which should you choose in order to be a virtuous man/

The State

What would be an appropriate critique of this passage?

The author's use of rhetorical questions confused the main argument.

Read the follow excerpt from "On Duties": "Plato wrote brilliantly on this point: 'We have not been born for ourselves alone; our native land claims a portion of our origin, our friends claim a portion.' The Stoics like to repeat that everything that comes into being in the world is created for the benefit of man, that even men themselves are born for mankind's sake." Which statement below best summarizes the main idea of this paragraph?

The purpose of all creation is to benefit mankind

Match the term on the left to its definition on the right: Purpose

The reason an author writes

Which statement below best summarizes the main idea of this passage from Poetics?

The reasons mankind uses poetry

Which Chinese proverb is most similar to the American one "The early bird gets the worm?"

The winning foot is the first to climb

Match the term on the left to its definition on the right: Tone

The writer's attitude

"At college, forced to attend or evade public worship, they acquire an habitual contempt for the very service, the performance of which is to enable them to live in idleness. It is mumbled over as an affair of business, as a stupid boy repeats his task, and frequently the college cant escapes from the preacher the moment after he has left the pulpit, and even whilst he is eating the dinner which he earned in such a dishonest manner. Can it then be a matter of surprise, that boys become selfish and vicious who are thus shut out from social converse? or that a mitre often graces the brow of one of these diligent pastors?" In the above passage, what purpose does the use of rhetorical questions serve?

They create a bridge that connects her main idea with supporting evidence

What does the first line of the speech indicated about women's status in Byzantine society during the 500s AD?

They were not generally permitted to speak with authority to men.

"Since 5000 BC, the Egyptians made a tooth powder, which consisted of powdered ashes of ox hooves, myrrh, powdered and burnt eggshells, and pumice. The Greeks, and then the Romans, improved the recipes by adding abrasives such as crushed bones and oyster shells. In the 9th century, Iraqi musician and fashion designer Ziryab invented a type of toothpaste, which he popularized throughout Islamic Spain. The exact ingredients of this toothpaste are unknown, but it was reported to have been both "functional and pleasant to taste". It is not known whether these early toothpastes were used alone, were to be rubbed onto the teeth with rags, or were to be used with early toothbrushes, such as neem-treetwigs and miswak. During Japan's Edo period, inventor Hiraga Gennai's Hika rakuyo (1769), contained advertisements for Sosekiko, a "toothpaste in a box." Toothpastes or powders came into general use in the 19th century." -"Toothpaste" from Wikipedia What is the main idea of this paragraph?

To inform the reader of historical toothpaste ingredients

In the above selection from 2 Corinthians, which statement best summarizes the purpose of the text?

To persuade Christians that they have hope in Christ.

Based on the above passage from the Quran, what is the author's purpose?

To persuade believers to give of their possessions to others.

What is the main idea of this passage?

To persuade the Athenians that the soldier's deaths were worth the pain of loss

[Tom] White, the retired executive director of the Michigan School Business Officials group, is one of Dr. Daniel Sadler's patients. Sadler, an East Lansing dentist, has been telling his 1,500 patients for the past six or so years about an unusual plaque-busting technique called dry brushing. Here's the drill, according to Sadler: Brush your teeth for two minutes using a soft, dry toothbrush with no toothpaste. Use the brushing technique your dental hygienist recommends (circular or up and down including the gums). Make sure to hit the tough spots where plaque builds up, such as behind your bottom teeth. Use a dab of toothpaste at the end to get the fresh breath and the benefit from fluoride. Sadler says to simply put it on your tongue and swish. About six years ago, Sadler attended a Michigan Dental Association continuing education seminar by Ohio dentist and researcher Dr. Thomas C. Abrahamsen, who studied the effect of toothpaste on enamel. Abrahamsen, who died in 2012, advocated for brushing teeth without toothpaste. It's the friction from the brushing, not the toothpaste, that rids the teeth of plaque. And even toothpaste manufacturers recommend a pea-sized amount of toothpaste. "Putnam: Dentist says swish, don't brush with toothpaste" by Judy Putnam, Lansing State Journal What is the main idea of this article?

To persuade the reader to use a different tooth brushing method

Hannah More opens chapter 2 of her book with this: "It is far from being the object of this slight work to offer a regular plan of female education, a task which has been often more properly assumed by far abler writers; but it is intended rather to suggest a few remarks on the existing mode, which, though it has had many panegyrists, appears to be defective, not only in a few particulars, but as a general system." What does More state is her purpose for writing?

To suggest how the current system is flawed and might be improved

In the following passage, Wolstonecraft uses a rhetorical device (a metaphor) to communicate an idea to the readers: "But the fear of innovation, in this country, extends to every thing. This is only a covert fear, the apprehensive timidity of indolent slugs, who guard, by sliming it over, the snug place, which they consider in the light of an hereditary estate; and eat, drink, and enjoy themselves, instead of fulfilling the duties, excepting a few empty forms, for which it was endowed. These are the people who most strenuously insist on the will of the founder being observed, crying out against all reformation, as if it were a violation of justice." What is the purpose of this metaphor?

To use a comparison that expresses her disgust with people who do not like change.

A work that is labeled as nonfiction includes only true information. True or False?

True

Which of the following statements describes how people in the 20th century tend to discover truth, according to Lewis?

Truth is known through science, date, and numbers (A map or model of a mountain is all you need to know it)

Augustine creates two categories for topics he studied in school: Good and Vain. Which category would the texts of Homer be put into?

Vain

Which modern American proverb would Aristotle most closely agree with, based on quote 1?

Well-begun is half done.

Match the term on the left to its definition on the right: Main Idea

What the text is about

Match the term on the right with the correct definition on the left: Main Idea

What the text is mostly about

Match the term on the left to its definition on the right: Audience

Who the author writes to

Looking at page 69 (..."do not necessarily include"), what seems to be More's main argument for the type of education women need?

Women need a comprehensive education that includes religion and cultivates intellect