lymphatic system and immunity

which of the following about MHC proteins is false

bind complement

in order for a lymphocyte to respond to an antigen, the antigen must

bind to specific receptors on the lymphocyte surface

which of the following is not a property of an IgG heavy chain

binds antigen at both ends

lymphatic vessels commonly occur in association with

blood vessels

in passive immunity, the

body receives antibodies produced by other humans or by an animal

lymphocyte production and maturation involves

bone marrow, thymus tissue, peripheral lymphatic tissues, stem cells

microphages include

both neutrophils and eosinophils

antigen is engulfed and presented by a macrophage, T cells with specific receptors recognize the antigen, several cycles of mitosis occur, T cells differentiate into cytotoxic T cells/T memory cells, cytotoxic T cells migrate to focus of infection, cytotoxic T cells release perforin/lymphotoxin

cell-mediated immune response

histamine increases blood flow and vascular permeability. this would account for all of the following changes that occur during inflammation except

chemotaxis of phagocytes

each of the following is a physical barrier to infection except

complement

when an antigen is bound to a class I MHC molecule, it can stimulate a

cytotoxic T cell

lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infeted cells are

cytotoxic T cells

the cells directly responsible for cellular immunity are the

cytotoxic T cells

the medullary cords of a lymph node contain _____ lymphocytes and plasma cells

B

dominant cell type in cortex

B cells

the cells responsible for humoral immunity are the

B cells

immunogloublins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as saliva and tears are

IgA

immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and that may activate antibody production are

IgD

immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are

IgE

immunoglobulins that are most abundant and are responsible for resistance against many viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are

IgG

the only antibodies that normally cross the placents are

IgG

immunoglobulins, formed of 5 subunits, that are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection, are

IgM

during a primary immune response, the

IgM titer is initially higher than the IgG titer

the cells that perform immunological surveillance are the

NK cells

_____ are clusters of lymphatic nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine

Peyer's patches

the cell that dominates the deep cortical region of a lymph node is the

T cell

If the thymus shrank and stopped making thymosins, we would expect to see and immediate decrease in the number of

T cells

dominant cell type in medulla

T cells

the effects of activating the complement system include all of the following except

inhibition of the immune response

immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called

innate immunity

a sample of john's blood shows a high level of phyrogens. this would indicate that john

is running a fever

all of the following are true of the primary response of humoral immunity except that

it is delayed by the memory cell stage

being the starting point of the lymphatic circulation, being the smallest lymphatic vessels, having larger diameters and looser walls than blood capillaries, having shingle-like endothelial cells

lymphatic capillaries

adaptive defenses depend on the activities of

lymphocytes

the white pulp of the spleen is populated by

lymphocytes

class II molecules are found on which of the following

lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells

an inflammatory response is triggered when

mast cells release histamine and heparin

various types of macrophages are derived from

monocytes

plasma contains _____ special proteins that form the complement system

more than 30

hormones of the immune system include all of the following except

natriuretic factor

immunity that results from antibodies that pass thru the placenta from mother to fetus is called

naturally acquire passive immunity

immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called

naturally acquired active immunity

during a primary humoral response to antigens all of the following occur except

neutrophils invade the surrounding areas, releasing chemotactic substances

in an experimental situation, a rabbit is exposed to a viral antigen to which it makes antibodies. these antibodies are then purified and injected into a human with the same viral disease. this is an example of

passive immunization

the first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the

phagocytes

innate defenses include

phagocytic cells, physical barriers, inflammation, interferons

the cells responsible for the production of circulating immunoglobins are

plasma cells

the release of endogenous pyrogen (IL 1) by active macrophages would

produce a fever

helper T cells do all of the following except

provide a rapid response to a future exposure to the antigen

stem cells that can form all types of lymphocytes are concentrated in the

red bone marrow

stem cells that will form B cells or NK cells are found only in the

red bone marrow

the binding of an antibody to an antigen can result in all of the following except

release of perforin

lymph nodes do all of the following except

remove excess nutrients from the lymph

lymphocytes

respond to antigens

the thoracic duct drains lymph from all of the following regions except the

right breast

examples of physical barriers against pathogens include

sebaceous glands, mucus, epithelia, epidermal layers

cytotoxic T cells can attack target cells with which of the following chemical weapons

secrete a cytokine that triggers apoptosis

in general, lymphocytes

spend most of their time in lymphatic tissue

interleukins do all of the following except

stimulate collagen synthesis

inflammation produces localized

swelling, redness, heat, pain

lymphatic tissue is found in the greatest quantity in

the adult spleen

which of the following statements about lymph flow in a node is false

the afferent lymphatic enters at the hilum

T lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following except

the brain

leslie has a severe sore throat and the lymph nodes in her neck are swollen. this would indicate that

the lymph nodes contain an increased number of lymphocytes

the merging of ____ forms the right lymphatic duct

the right jugular, right subclavian, and right bronchomediastinal trunks

the lymphatic system is composed of all of the following except

the venae cavae

lymphatic organs differ from lymphatic tissues in what way

they are surrounded by a fibrous capsule and lymphatic tissues are not

most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the

thoracic duct

T cells develop from stem cells in the

thymus

T is to _________ as B is to _______

thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived

______ are large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx

tonsils

lymphocytes may be found in which of the following tissues or organs

tonsils, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus

the lymphatic system does all of the following except

transports gases to and away from lymph nodes

in IgG, the antigen binding site is formed by the

variable segments of both the light and heavy chains

characteristics of adaptive defenses include

versatility, tolerance, memory, specificity

all of the following are true of the secondary response of humoral immunity except that it

weakens quickly because memory B cells only survive for a year or two

areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as

white pulp

lymph nodes range in diameter from

1 mm to 25 mm

each IgG has _____ binding sites for attachment to antigenic determinants

2

fever is the maintenance of body temperature greater than

37.2 degrees C (99 degrees F)

if the disulfide bond in IgG were broken, how many peptide chains would be set free

4

lymphatic vessels are located in almost all portions of the body except the

CNS

the term lymphadenopathy refers to

a chronic or excessive enlargement of lymph nodes

the role of antigen-presenting cells in immunity is to

activate T cells, display antigen fragments, process antigens, bind antigens to glycoproteins

all of the following are true of the thymus gland except that it

activates B cells

defense of the body against a particular pathogen is provided by

adaptive immunity

the classical pathway of complement activation begins when the protein C1 binds to

an antibody attached to an antigen

the body's innate defenses include all of the following except

antibodies

compared to blood capillaries, lymph capillaries exhibit all of the following except that they

are smaller in diameter

the primary function of the lymphatic system is

defending the body against both external and internal threats

T cells and B cells can be activated only by

exposure to a specific antigen at a specific site in a plasma membrane

which class of cells is particularly abundant in the red pulp of the spleen

free and fixed macrophages

dividing lymphocytes can be found in the _____ of the lymphatic nodule

germinal center

the various classes of immunoglobulins are differentiated on the basis of their

heavy-chain constant segments

when an antigen is bound to a class II MHC protein, it can activate a

helper T cell

B cells are primarily activated by the activities of

helper T cells

cells that help regulate the immune response are

helper T cells

lymphocytes provide an adaptive or specific defense known as the

immune response

class II MHS proteins are present in the plasma only

in antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes

suppressor T cells act to

inhibit T and B cell activities